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Heliyon Sep 2023sp, has been comprehensively studied for their potential in the production of biodiesel due to their biomass productivity and high lipid content. This study examined...
sp, has been comprehensively studied for their potential in the production of biodiesel due to their biomass productivity and high lipid content. This study examined the biomass productivity, and concentration, lipid productivity, and concentration, and lipid contents of sp. IFRPD 1061 under several phosphorus concentrations. The optimum conditions were attained at 0.12 g/L KHPO. The highest lipid content reached to 35.950 ± 4.253% (w/w) in 22 days cultivation. An open pond cultivation system was used with the addition of 10 mM sodium acetate on every fourth day (0, 4, 8 and 12) of cultivation and KHPO on twelfth day of cultivation. The obtained biomass productivity and concentration, lipid productivity and concentration and lipid content were 0.709 ± 0.027 g/L, 48.304 ± 1.894 mg/L/day, 0.214 ± 0.004 g/L 14.550 ± 0.215 mg/L/day and 30.154 ± 1.627% (w/w) in 14 days of cultivation, respectively. The results exhibited that addition of 10 mM sodium acetate and KHPO may enhance lipid accumulation within algae cells in an open pond cultivation system.
PubMed: 37809504
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19778 -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2018In order to solve undercooling and phase separation of sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT), experimental screening method was used to select nucleating agents and thickeners...
In order to solve undercooling and phase separation of sodium acetate trihydrate (SAT), experimental screening method was used to select nucleating agents and thickeners that are suitable for SAT, and the optimal ratio was identified. Through screening experiments of nucleating agents, it is found that disodium hydrogen phosphate can be used as an effective nucleating agent for SAT. When the weight content of disodium hydrogen phosphate in SAT is 2%, the degree of undercooling was reduced to approximately 2 K. The addition of 1⁻1.5% (weight) of xanthan gum (XG) to SAT can effectively inhibit the phase separation. Since the properties of SAT changes after the modification, the corresponding comparison analysis was performed. The results showed that XG has a significant influence on the SAT performance of SAT. With the addition of 1.5 wt % of XG in pure SAT, the latent heat of fusion and solid/liquid volume expansion reduce by 5.2% and 5.4% respectively, and the thermal conductivity and solid/liquid density also decreases accordingly.
PubMed: 29914045
DOI: 10.3390/ma11061016 -
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology... Jul 2020To compare between sodium acetate (SA) and sodium chloride (SC) in parenteral nutrition (PN) with associated metabolic acidosis and neonatal morbidities in preterm...
PURPOSE
To compare between sodium acetate (SA) and sodium chloride (SC) in parenteral nutrition (PN) with associated metabolic acidosis and neonatal morbidities in preterm infants.
METHODS
Preterm infants below 33 weeks gestational age, and with a birth weight under 1,301 g were enrolled and further stratified into two groups: i) <1,000 g, or ii) ≥1,000 g in birth weight. The subjects were randomized to receive PN containing SA or SC within the first day of life. The results of routine blood investigations for the first 6 days of PN were collated, and the neonatal outcomes were recorded upon discharge or demise.
RESULTS
Fifty-two infants entered the study, with 26 in each group: 29 infants had extremely low birth weight (ELBW). There were no significant differences in birth weight, gestation, sex, exposure to chorioamnionitis and antenatal steroids, surfactant doses and duration of mechanical ventilation between groups. The SA group had significantly higher mean pH and base excess (BE) from days 4 to 6 than the SC (mean pH, 7.36 vs. 7.34; mean BE -1.6 vs. -3.5 [<0.01]), with a two-fold increase in the mean BE among ELBW infants. Significantly fewer on SA required additional bicarbonate (n=4 vs. 13, =0.01). The rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was approximately four-fold lower in SA than SC (n=3 vs. 11, <0.01). No significant differences were observed in necrotizing enterocolitis, patent ductus arteriosus, retinopathy of prematurity, cholestatic jaundice, and mortality between groups.
CONCLUSION
The use of SA in PN was associated with reduced metabolic acidosis and fewer BPD.
PubMed: 32704498
DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2020.23.4.377 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2020Hepatic lipid dysregulation with consequent lipotoxicity remains critical in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a rising prevalent complication of...
Sodium acetate-mediated inhibition of histone deacetylase alleviates hepatic lipid dysregulation and its accompanied injury in streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats.
OBJECTIVE
Hepatic lipid dysregulation with consequent lipotoxicity remains critical in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, a rising prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus particularly type 2 diabetes. Diabetes-associated hepatic complications are among the leading causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been demonstrated to regulate glycemic metabolism but its effect on diabetes-driven hepatic perturbation is unknown. This study is therefore designed to investigate the effect of SCFAs, acetate on diabetes-characterised hepatic lipotoxicity, and plausible involvement of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity.
METHODS
Adult male Wistar rats (230-260 g) were allotted into groups (n = 6/group) namely: control (vehicle; p.o.), sodium acetate (SAT)-treated (200 mg/kg), diabetic with/without SAT groups. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin 65 mg/kg after a dose of nicotinamide 110 mg/kg.
RESULTS
Data from diabetic animals showed increased fasting glycemia and insulinemia, decreased insulin sensitivity and body weight with increased relative hepatic mass. It also revealed increased hepatic lipid, serum/hepatic malondialdehyde, tissue necrosis factor-α, uric acid, aspartate transaminase, alanine aminotransferase and decreased glutathione content with elevated hepatic HDAC. Histologically, the hepatic tissue was characterised with disrupted architecture, inflammation of central vein and foci of periportal and sinusoidal cellular infiltration. However, these alterations were attenuated by sodium acetate.
CONCLUSION
The study demonstrates that diabetes mellitus drives hepatic lipotoxicity, characterised with lipid accumulation, excessive lipid peroxidation, pro-inflammation, depleted glutathione content and accompanied by increased HDAC activity. Besides, the study suggests that acetate ameliorates diabetes-associated hepatic lipotoxicity through HDAC suppression and enhancement of insulin sensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors; Inflammation Mediators; Lipid Metabolism; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Male; Niacinamide; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Oxidative Stress; Rats, Wistar; Sodium Acetate; Streptozocin
PubMed: 32460191
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110226 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jul 2021Supplementation with sodium acetate (NaAcet) increases milk fat production through an apparent stimulation of de novo lipogenesis in the mammary gland. Sodium acetate...
Supplementation with sodium acetate (NaAcet) increases milk fat production through an apparent stimulation of de novo lipogenesis in the mammary gland. Sodium acetate increases acetate supply to the mammary gland, but it also increases dietary cation-anion difference, which can also increase milk fat yield. The objective of this study was to determine if the effect of NaAcet on milk fat production was due to an increase in acetate supply or an increase in dietary cation-anion difference. The study included 12 multiparous cows in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design balanced for carryover effects, with 14-d experimental periods. Treatments were a basal total mixed ration (31.8% neutral detergent fiber, 14.8% crude protein, 25.5% starch, and 4.4% fatty acids on a dry matter basis) as a no-supplement control, acetate supplemented at 3.25% of dry matter as NaAcet, and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO) providing an equal amount of sodium to the NaAcet treatment. The NaAcet and NaHCO were mixed into the basal diet before feeding. Milk samples were taken at each milking during the last 3 d of each period. Plasma samples were taken every 9 h during the last 3 d (a total of 8 times) to determine concentrations of plasma metabolites and hormones. Eating behavior was monitored during the last week of each period using an automated system. The NaAcet and NaHCO treatments increased milk fat concentration and yield compared to the no-supplement control. The NaAcet treatment increased milk fat production predominantly by increasing the yield of de novo and mixed-source fatty acids. The NaHCO treatment increased the yield of preformed and de novo fatty acids, suggesting different mechanisms for the 2 treatments. The NaAcet treatment increased plasma acetate concentration in a period of the day concurrent with the highest dry matter intake. The NaAcet treatment increased milk fat production by stimulating the production of de novo fatty acids, a mechanism consistent with previous reports, possibly by increasing acetate supply to the mammary gland. The NaHCO treatment increased milk fat production by increasing the production of all biological categories of fatty acids, except for odd and branched-chain fatty acids, possibly by increasing overall diet digestibility.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Digestion; Fatty Acids; Female; Lactation; Milk; Rumen; Sodium Acetate; Sodium Bicarbonate
PubMed: 33814140
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19526 -
Marine Drugs Aug 2022Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is critical for the intelligence and visual development of infants. is the first...
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is critical for the intelligence and visual development of infants. is the first microalga approved by the Food and Drug Administration for DHA production, but its relatively high intracellular starch content restricts fatty acid accumulation. In this study, different carbon sources, including glucose (G), sodium acetate (S) and mixed carbon (M), were used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of intracellular organic carbon distribution in sp. SUN. Results show that glucose favored cell growth and starch accumulation. Sodium acetate limited glucose utilization and starch accumulation but caused a significant increase in total fatty acid (TFA) accumulation and the DHA percentage. Thus, the DHA content in the S group was highest among three groups and reached a maximum (10.65% of DW) at 96 h that was 2.92-fold and 2.24-fold of that in the G and M groups, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that rather than the expression of key genes in fatty acids biosynthesis, increased intracellular acetyl-CoA content appeared to be the key regulatory factor for TFA accumulation. Additionally, metabolome analysis showed that the accumulated DHA-rich metabolites of lipid biosynthesis might be the reason for the higher TFA content and DHA percentage of the S group. The present study provides valuable insights to guide further research in DHA production.
Topics: Carbon; Dinoflagellida; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Humans; Microalgae; Sodium; Sodium Acetate; Starch
PubMed: 36005511
DOI: 10.3390/md20080508 -
Polymers Apr 2023The present study concerns the physico-chemical, structural, mechanical and thermal characterization of Acacia pennata, a natural and almost inexpensive fibre, as a...
The present study concerns the physico-chemical, structural, mechanical and thermal characterization of Acacia pennata, a natural and almost inexpensive fibre, as a potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The effect of treating the fibre with sodium acetate to increase its qualities has been seen through the use of thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical property tester, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). According to XRD analysis, the elimination of lignin and wax-like impurities resulted in an increase in the AP fibre's crystalline index (79.73%). The fibre's thermal stability was also discovered to be 365 °C. Tensile strength (557.58 MPa) and elongation at break both increased by 2.9% after treatment with sodium acetate. The surface nature and quality of AP fibres improved after sodium acetate treatment. It was confirmed by the reduction of chemical compositions (such as hemicellulose, lignin and pectin). Given its density, the fibre can be suggested as a reinforcement in polymer composites for light-weight applications because its lightweight property will be more useful for composite manufacturing.
PubMed: 37177144
DOI: 10.3390/polym15091996 -
Toxics Aug 2023Supported ozone catalysts usually take alumina, activated carbon, mesoporous molecular sieve, graphene, etc. as the carrier for loading metal oxide via the impregnation...
Supported ozone catalysts usually take alumina, activated carbon, mesoporous molecular sieve, graphene, etc. as the carrier for loading metal oxide via the impregnation method, sol-gel method and precipitation method. In this work, a Mn-modified fly ash catalyst was synthesized to reduce the consumption and high unit price of traditional catalyst carriers like alumina. As a solid waste discharged from coal-fired power plants fueled by coal, fly ash also has porous spherical fine particles with constant surface area and activity, abd is expected to be applied as the main component in the synthesis of ozone catalyst. After the pretreatment process and modification with MnOx, the obtained Mn-modified fly ash exhibited stronger specific surface area and porosity combined with considerable ozone catalytic performance. We used sodium acetate as the contaminant probe, which is difficult to directly decompose with ozone as the end product of ozone oxidation, to evaluate the performance of this Mn-modified fly. It was found that ozone molecules can be transformed to generate ·OH, ·O and O for the further oxidation of sodium acetate. The oxygen vacancy produced via Mn modification plays a crucial role in the adsorption and excitation of ozone. This work demonstrates that fly ash, as an industrial waste, can be synthesized as a potential industrial catalyst with stable physical and chemical properties, a simple preparation method and low costs.
PubMed: 37624205
DOI: 10.3390/toxics11080700 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Mar 2024High-carbohydrate (HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and...
Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass () fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress.
High-carbohydrate (HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate (SA) and sodium butyrate (SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a low-carbohydrate diet (9% starch) (LC), a high carbohydrate diet (18% starch) (HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA (HCSA), 2 g/kg SB (HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB (HCSASB). The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate ( < 0.05) and ameliorated serum parameters (alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase) ( < 0.05). And, importantly, dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-7 ( < 0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress ( < 0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis ( < 0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.
PubMed: 38425445
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.002 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2022is a well-known nosocomial pathogen that can survive in different environments through the use of intricate networks to regulate gene expression. Two-component systems...
is a well-known nosocomial pathogen that can survive in different environments through the use of intricate networks to regulate gene expression. Two-component systems (TCS) form an important part of such regulatory networks, and in this study, we describe the identification and characterization of a novel EmaSR TCS in . We constructed a Tn-tagged mutagenesis library, from which an sensor kinase gene and response regulator gene were identified. We found that / single-mutants and double-mutants were unable to replicate in M9 medium with 1% ethanol as the single carbon source. Motility and biofilm formation were negatively affected in double-mutants, and transcriptomic analysis showed that mutation of dysregulated genes required for carbon metabolism. In addition, / single-mutants and double-mutants were unable to survive in acetic acid- and sodium acetate-containing medium, indicating that the EmaSR TCS is also important for acetate metabolism. Furthermore, virulence against was diminished in / single- and double-mutants. Taken together, these results show that this novel EmaSR TCS is involved in the regulation of ethanol metabolism and acetate metabolism, with important implications on motility, biofilm formation, and virulence if mutated. Further research on the underlying mechanisms is warranted.
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Sodium Acetate; Virulence; Ethanol; Carbon; Biofilms; Bacterial Proteins
PubMed: 36293461
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012606