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Pathology Oncology Research : POR Apr 2020The solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare but enigmatic entity occurring mainly in young women. Since the first description by V. Frantz in 1959 the... (Review)
Review
The solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare but enigmatic entity occurring mainly in young women. Since the first description by V. Frantz in 1959 the terminology of this tumor has continuously changed but it has remained simply descriptive, because the exact histogenesis is still obscure. Although in majority of cases the survival is excellent, nevertheless, the expected prognosis is not exactly predictable. In this review the authors aim to summarize its clinico-pathological features, the expected biological behavior, the molecular alterations, the immune phenotype and discuss the putative histogenesis. From diagnostic point of view, the salient histological characteristic findings are analyzed that would help to differentiate it from other, look-alike pancreatic tumors, and suggestions are made about the desirable content of the histological report.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 31209654
DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00671-8 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jan 2011Molecular testing of solid tumors is steadily becoming a vital component of the contemporary anatomic pathologist's armamentarium. These sensitive and specific ancillary... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Molecular testing of solid tumors is steadily becoming a vital component of the contemporary anatomic pathologist's armamentarium. These sensitive and specific ancillary tools are useful for confirming ambiguous diagnoses suspected by light microscopy and for guiding therapeutic decisions, assessing prognosis, and monitoring patients for residual neoplastic disease after therapy.
OBJECTIVE
To review current molecular biomarkers and tumor-specific assays most useful in solid tumor testing, specifically of breast, colon, lung, thyroid, and soft tissue tumors, malignant melanoma, and tumors of unknown origin. A few upcoming molecular diagnostic assays that may become standard of care in the near future will also be discussed.
DATA SOURCES
Original research articles, review articles, and the authors' personal practice experience.
CONCLUSIONS
Molecular testing in anatomic pathology is firmly established and will continue to gain ground as the need for more specific diagnoses and new targeted therapies evolve. Knowledge of the more common and clinically relevant molecular tests available for solid tumor diagnosis and management, and their indications and limitations, is necessary if anatomic pathologists are to optimally use these tests and act as consultants for fellow clinicians directly involved in patient care.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Chromosome Aberrations; Gene Rearrangement; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques; Mutation; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 21204713
DOI: 10.5858/2010-0413-RAR.1 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Jul 2017Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare entity with low malignant potential and excellent overall prognosis. It has nonspecific clinical presentations... (Review)
Review
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm of the pancreas is a rare entity with low malignant potential and excellent overall prognosis. It has nonspecific clinical presentations such as abdominal pain and nausea, with vague radiologic features. Histologic features of this neoplasm are usually specific. The tumor shows minimally cohesive, uniform, monotonous cells lining delicate capillary-sized blood vessels, described as pseudopapillary architecture. Other features including hyaline globules, cytoplasmic vacuoles, and nuclear grooving are frequently present. Use of a select panel of immunostains always helps pathologists to differentiate this tumor from other circumscribed tumors of the pancreas. Recently, β-catenin, CD10, and E-cadherin have been shown to be very important in the diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm. Nuclear staining of tumor cells by β-catenin and membranous presentation of CD10 is seen in almost 100% of cases. Tumor cells can be partially positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin. This tumor has a low malignant potential, and definite treatment is surgical resection.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 28661210
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0322-RS -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Mar 2020Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell-type in solid tumor-microenvironment (TME) and have emerged as key player in tumor progression.... (Review)
Review
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cell-type in solid tumor-microenvironment (TME) and have emerged as key player in tumor progression. CAFs establish communication with cancer cells through paracrine mechanisms or via direct cell adhesion as well as influence the cancer cell behaviour indirectly by remodelling the extracellular matrix. Although numerous studies have strongly suggested the tumor promoting role of CAFs, few recent reports have revealed the heterogeneity in CAFs. Here, we have summarized the recent findings on the mechanisms related to the heterogeneous behaviour of CAFs serving as positive or negative regulator of tumor progression. Further, reports related to the targeted therapy against CAF-mediated mechanisms are also summarized briefly.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts; Cell Communication; Extracellular Matrix; Humans; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Stromal Cells; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32114420
DOI: 10.2741/4843 -
Thoracic Cancer Oct 2023Lung adenocarcinomas with micropapillary pattern (MP) or solid pattern (SP) have poor prognosis with frequent postoperative recurrence. However, treatment strategies for...
BACKGROUND
Lung adenocarcinomas with micropapillary pattern (MP) or solid pattern (SP) have poor prognosis with frequent postoperative recurrence. However, treatment strategies for these histological subtypes have not been established. This study examined the recurrence rates and patterns in patients with these histological subtypes.
METHODS
Overall, 238 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who underwent radical resection were included. According to the histological subtypes, the patients were classified into three groups: neither MP nor SP (MP-/SP-), MP (MP+), and SP (SP+). The clinical and pathological characteristics and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were examined in each group. In addition, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the recurrence factors. The site of recurrence, PD-L1 expression, and driver mutations were examined in patients with postoperative recurrence.
RESULTS
The recurrence rates were significantly higher in the MP+ and SP+ groups (p = 0.01). The RFS was significantly shorter in the MP+ and SP+ groups (p < 0.001) than in the MP-/SP- group, especially in pStage 1A (p = 0.001). The relationship between recurrence and pathologic factors was significant for pleural, lymphatic, and vascular invasion, as well as MP in univariate analysis and only for MP in multivariate analysis. Most recurrences were distant metastases in the MP+ and SP+ groups. PD-L1 was highly expressed in recurrent SP+ cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Early-stage lung adenocarcinoma with MP or SP frequently has postoperative recurrence. Prevention of distant metastases is important in these patients to improve prognosis, and aggressive postoperative chemotherapy may be considered.
Topics: Humans; B7-H1 Antigen; Lung Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37658844
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15087 -
BMJ Case Reports Mar 2022Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare skin adnexal malignant neoplasm that may arise from a pre-existing benign eccrine poroma or without a predisposing factor. It is a highly...
Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare skin adnexal malignant neoplasm that may arise from a pre-existing benign eccrine poroma or without a predisposing factor. It is a highly invasive neoplasm and has a strong metastatic potential. The most frequently affected organs are the lymph nodes and rarely solid organs such as the liver, lungs and breast. We report a case of a woman with a history of surgically treated eccrine porocarcinoma that a year later presented with multiple lesions in both breasts and axillary lymphadenopathies. After a detailed imaging investigation, the diagnosis of metastatic lesions from porocarcinoma was made. To our knowledge, until the moment, only one case of breast metastasis of eccrine porocarcinoma has been reported in the literature.
Topics: Eccrine Porocarcinoma; Female; Humans; Melanoma; Poroma; Skin Neoplasms; Sweat Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 35256370
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-247900 -
Turk Patoloji Dergisi 2014Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, a rare primary neoplasm of the pancreas that typically affects young women, is a relatively indolent entity with favorable prognosis. We... (Review)
Review
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, a rare primary neoplasm of the pancreas that typically affects young women, is a relatively indolent entity with favorable prognosis. We here report a 20-year-old young girl with solid pseudopapillary neoplasm who presented with mild dull abdominal discomfort without any significant laboratory findings. On MRI, a heterogenous mass was found at the distal pancreas. The patient underwent en-block distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy with the presumptive diagnosis of cystic neoplasm of the pancreas. The tumor was well-circumscribed, encapsulated, 5.5 cm in the greatest dimension and showed typical papillary and pseudopapillary structures. Capsular invasion was seen on focal areas. The patient was not given any adjuvant therapy and shows no sign of disease after six months follow-up. It is important to differentiate this tumor from other pancreatic neoplasms because this neoplasm is amenable to cure after complete surgical resection even in cases with capsular invasion, unlike malignant tumors of the pancreas.
Topics: Carcinoma, Papillary; Female; Humans; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Splenectomy; Young Adult
PubMed: 24101358
DOI: 10.5146/tjpath.2013.01192 -
Current Cancer Drug Targets 2020Alternative splicing (AS) plays a significant role in the hallmarks of cancer and can provide neoantigens for immunotherapy. Here, we summarize recent advances in immune... (Review)
Review
Alternative splicing (AS) plays a significant role in the hallmarks of cancer and can provide neoantigens for immunotherapy. Here, we summarize recent advances in immune system associated tumor specific-antigens (TSAs) produced by AS. We further discuss the regulating mechanisms involved in AS-mediated innate and adaptive immune responses and the anti-tumoral and protumoral roles in different types of cancer. For example, ULBP1_RI, MLL5Δ21spe, NKp44-1Δ5, MHC-IΔ7, CD200SΔ1, 2, PVR α/β/γ/δ and IL-33 variants 1/2/3 act as regulators in solid tumors and IPAK4-L and, FOXP1ΔN100 exhibit functions in hematological cancers.
Topics: Alternative Splicing; Animals; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cell Communication; Humans; Lymphocytes; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 32560607
DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200619123725 -
Cancer Treatment Reviews Jun 2014Circulating cell-free DNA represents a non-invasive biomarker, as it can be isolated from human plasma, serum and other body fluids. Circulating tumor DNA shed from... (Review)
Review
Circulating cell-free DNA represents a non-invasive biomarker, as it can be isolated from human plasma, serum and other body fluids. Circulating tumor DNA shed from primary and metastatic cancers may allow the non-invasive analysis of the evolution of tumor genomes during treatment and disease progression through 'liquid biopsies'. The serial monitoring of tumor genotypes, which are instable and prone to changes under selection pressure, is becoming increasingly possible. The "liquid biopsy" provide novel biological insights into the process of metastasis and may elucidate signaling pathways involved in cell invasiveness and metastatic competence. This review will focus on the clinical utility of circulating cell free DNA in main solid tumors, including genetic and epigenetic alterations that can be detected.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA, Neoplasm; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Monitoring, Physiologic; Neoplasms; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating; Ovarian Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests; Prostatic Neoplasms; Research; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 24184333
DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.10.003 -
Journal of Biomedical Science Feb 2017Following Milstein's discovery, the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) became a basic tool for biomedical science. In cancer field, since the first mAb was approved by the FDA... (Review)
Review
Following Milstein's discovery, the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) became a basic tool for biomedical science. In cancer field, since the first mAb was approved by the FDA a great improvement took place making of them a therapeutic option for many cancer types in the current clinical practice. Today, mAbs are being developed to target different molecules with different mechanisms of action and its target potential is unlimited. However, this huge and fast growing new field needs to be organized to better understand the treatment options we have to confront different cancer diseases. Current cancer targeted immunotherapies aim to achieve different goals like the regulation of osteoclast function, the delivery of cytotoxic drugs into tumor cells and the blockade of oncogenic pathways, neo-angiogenesis and immune checkpoints. Here, we reviewed the most relevant therapeutic mAbs for solid tumors available in current clinical practice.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Neoplasm; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Osteoclasts
PubMed: 28219375
DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0311-y