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Frontiers in Public Health 2022Somatic symptoms which are not fully explained by a medical condition (medically unexplained symptoms) have a high relevance for the public health. They are very common...
Somatic symptoms which are not fully explained by a medical condition (medically unexplained symptoms) have a high relevance for the public health. They are very common both in the general population and in patients in health care, and may develop into chronic impairing conditions such as somatoform disorders. In recent years, the relevance of specific negative psychological factors for the diagnosis and the stability of somatoform disorders and for the impairment by medically unexplained symptoms gained more and more attention. This resulted-among others- in core changes in the diagnostic classification criteria of somatoform disorders. Against this background, the present "Perspective" will outline recent developments and findings in the area of medically unexplained somatic symptoms and somatoform disorders. Moreover, it will lay a special focus on evidence on specific negative psychological factors that may influence the course of unexplained somatic symptoms and disorders and the impairment caused by these symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Somatoform Disorders; Chronic Disease
PubMed: 36408051
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1033203 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Apr 2002
Topics: Empathy; Humans; Physician-Patient Relations; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 12043049
DOI: No ID Found -
Disease Markers 2022Patients suffering from chronic pain often present with multifactorial underlying conditions, sometimes without concrete pathological physical findings. Functional...
OBJECTIVE
Patients suffering from chronic pain often present with multifactorial underlying conditions, sometimes without concrete pathological physical findings. Functional somatic syndromes (FSS) and somatoform disorders show a high prevalence of 8-20% and are often associated with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and chronic stress. As many different FSS have overlapping symptoms, the concept of multisomatoform disorder (MSD) has been introduced as an encompassing concept. We hypothesize that a common neurohumoral profile is present in patients with MSD that is distinct from gender- and age-matched controls and thus provides insight into possible common underlying mechanisms.
DESIGN
In 151 patients with MSD (138 females) and 149 matched controls (131 females), we determined ACE by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and chronic stress by the Trier Inventory for Chronic Stress (TICS). Furthermore, the serum levels of leptin, FSH, LH, cortisol, DHEA-S, and IGF-1 have been assessed.
RESULTS
There were significant differences in the levels of leptin, FSH, IGF-1, and cortisol between patients and controls, mainly driven by female participants. Levels of leptin were significantly correlated with BMI in patients, in controls, and in the female subgroup. This correlation was exaggerated in female patients when compared to female controls. Both CTQ and TICS predicted MSD directly and indirectly through the levels of leptin.
CONCLUSION
There is evidence of a distinct neurohumoral profile in female patients with MSD when compared to matched healthy controls, similar to what has been demonstrated in other chronic pain states. The observed profile can be taken as possible evidence for a dysregulated response to chronic stress and metabolic balance as well as a state of hypocortisolism and HPA-axis dysfunction. ACE and chronic stress play a major role in the development of MSD and altered neurohumoral profile.
Topics: Adverse Childhood Experiences; Female; Humans; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Leptin; Male; Middle Aged; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pain; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Sex Factors; Somatoform Disorders; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35242246
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7958375 -
Ideggyogyaszati Szemle Nov 2018Migraine is a common and often debilitating disorder. Although the existence of a link between migraine and certain psychological features has long been known, data on...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Migraine is a common and often debilitating disorder. Although the existence of a link between migraine and certain psychological features has long been known, data on dissociative experiences in migraine patients is insufficient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of psychoform and somatoform dissociative experiences among migraine patients without aura and to examine their relationship with pain perception and disability.
METHODS
A total of 110 outpatients diagnosed with migraine based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III (ICHD-III) criteria and 70 healthy subjects were enrolled to this study. Sociodemographic data, Somatoform Dissociation Questionnaire (SDQ), Dissociative Experience Scale (DES), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Scale (BAS) scores were recorded for each patient. The Migraine Impairment Disability Assessment Scale (MIDAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were also determined.
RESULTS
The mean SDQ and DES scores were significantly higher in migraine patients (p<0.001, p<0.01). According to SDQ, somatoform dissociation disorder, dissociative disorder not otherwise specified, and dissociative identity disorder were considered in 29.4%, 18.3%, and 10.1% of the migraine patients, respectively. Also, 20.9% of the patients had possible psychoform dissociation according to DES. A significant positive correlation was found between DES, SDQ scores, and VAS, MIDAS scores. Patients were found to have statistically significantly higher levels of depression and anxiety symptoms compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001). Higher DES and SDQ scores were associated with increased disability and pain level (p<0.01).
CONCLUSION
Our findings seem to confirm the increased occurrence of somatoform and psychoform dissociative experiences in migraine patients. This study was intended as a beginning towards understanding dissociative experiences in migraine.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Migraine Disorders; Pain Perception; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Somatoform Disorders; Visual Analog Scale
PubMed: 30604937
DOI: 10.18071/isz.71.0385 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Feb 2013
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 23472501
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.13-1-80 -
The Western Journal of Medicine Sep 2002
Review
Topics: Asian; Cultural Characteristics; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Primary Health Care; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors; Somatoform Disorders; United States
PubMed: 12208832
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Psychiatry Apr 2022The aging population is expected to reach 2 billion by 2050, but the impact of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) on the elderly has been insufficiently addressed. We aimed...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
The aging population is expected to reach 2 billion by 2050, but the impact of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) on the elderly has been insufficiently addressed. We aimed to clarify the prevalence of SSD in China and to identify physical and psychological differences between the elderly and non-elderly.
METHODS
In this prospective multi-center study, 9020 participants aged (2206 non-elderly adults and 6814 elderly adults) from 105 communities of Shanghai were included (Assessment of Somatic Symptom in Chinese Community-Dwelling People, clinical trial number NCT04815863, registered on 06/12/2020). The Somatic Symptom Scale-China (SSS-CN) questionnaire was used to measure SSD. Depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively.
RESULTS
The prevalence of SSD in the elderly was higher than that in the non-elderly (63.2% vs. 45.3%). The elderly suffered more severe SSD (20.4% moderate and severe in elderly vs. 12.0% in non-elderly) and are 1.560 times more likely to have the disorder (95%CI: 1.399-1.739; p < .001) than the non-elderly. Comorbidity of depressive or anxiety disorders was 3.7 times higher than would be expected in the general population. Additionally, the results of adjusted multivariate analyses identified older age, female sex, and comorbid physical diseases as predictive risk factors of SSD in the elderly group.
CONCLUSIONS
With higher prevalence of common physical problems (including hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardio/cerebrovascular disease), the elderly in Shanghai are more vulnerable to have SSD and are more likely to suffer from comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders. SSD screening should be given more attention in the elderly, especially among older females with several comorbid physical diseases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 35413865
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03907-1 -
International Journal of Methods in... Mar 2017Somatoform disorders have rarely been addressed in epidemiological and health care services studies of the elderly. The few existing studies vary considerably in their...
Somatoform disorders have rarely been addressed in epidemiological and health care services studies of the elderly. The few existing studies vary considerably in their methodologies limiting comparability of findings. Data come from the MentDis_ICF65+ study, in which a total of 3142 community-dwelling respondents aged 65-84 years from six different countries were assessed by the Composite International Diagnostic Interview adapted to the needs of the elderly (CIDI65+). The 12-month prevalence rate for any somatoform disorders was found to be 3.8, whereby the prevalence for somatization disorder according to DSM-IV was 0%, the prevalence for abridged somatization was 1.7% and the rate for 12-months somatoform pain disorder was 2.6%. We found a significant variation by study centre (p < 0.005). There was a significant gender difference for pain disorder, but not for abridged somatization. Significant age-related effects revealed for both disorder groups. Somatoform disorders were found to be associated with other mental disorders [odds ratio (OR) anxiety =4.8, OR affective disorders 3.6], as well as with several impairments and disabilities. Somatoform disorders are prevalent, highly impairing conditions in older adults, which are often associated with other mental disorders and should receive more research and clinical attention.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 28150357
DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1550 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Aug 2004This article gives an updated review of the history, epidemiology, etiology, and evidence-based treatment of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and... (Review)
Review
This article gives an updated review of the history, epidemiology, etiology, and evidence-based treatment of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder), with specific reference to the Norwegian situation. In order to improve clinical skills there is an emphasis on the need for more treatment resources, particularly for the most serious cases, better implementation of evidence-based treatment and on continuous medical education. Given the somatic manifestations of eating disorders, medical doctors are essential in assessment and treatment. Many patients can be successfully treated by general practitioners provided that the general practitioner takes an interest in and is knowledgeable about eating disorders. The need to increase the number of general practitioners participating in ongoing Norwegian educational programmes on eating disorders is stressed.
Topics: Adult; Child; Family; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Male; Norway; Psychophysiologic Disorders; Somatoform Disorders
PubMed: 15306864
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Psychiatric and Mental... Dec 2011The concept of 'internalizing behaviour' reflects a child's emotional or psychological state and typically includes depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatic... (Review)
Review
The concept of 'internalizing behaviour' reflects a child's emotional or psychological state and typically includes depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, somatic complaints and teenage suicide. Genetic and environmental causes have been largely implicated, although research continues to explore social etiological factors. Some research suggests females may be especially vulnerable to internalizing disorders, while data across ethnicities are somewhat variable. Regarding treatment, cognitive-behavioural therapies and use of pharmacological approaches (i.e. selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) have both shown great promise in reducing symptoms of internalizing disorders. However, given the role of the social environment, prevention programmes aimed at reducing exposure to drugs, violence/abuse and environmental toxins are highly important. Internalizing disorders are associated with a host of deleterious outcomes (e.g. school drop-out, substance use and potentially suicide) as well as psychopathological outcomes (e.g. co-morbid anxiety or depression, externalizing disorders - including suicide). Children with mental health problems suffer educationally and are more likely to become entangled in the justice and welfare systems. Clearly, early treatment and prevention programmes for internalizing disorders need to be a priority from a public health perspective as well as from a family and community perspective.
Topics: Adolescent; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Child Behavior; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Cultural Characteristics; Depressive Disorder; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Internal-External Control; Male; Mental Disorders; Psychotropic Drugs; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sex Distribution; Somatoform Disorders; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 22070805
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01743.x