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Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports Apr 2021Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an opportunistic pathogen and a rare cause of human infection. This case report shows bacteremia with pyogenic spondylodiscitis in...
INTRODUCTION
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is an opportunistic pathogen and a rare cause of human infection. This case report shows bacteremia with pyogenic spondylodiscitis in lumbosacral spine caused by Sphingomonas and discusses its clinical diagnosis, treatment, and literature reviews.
CASE REPORT
Patient presented with severe low back pain, inability to walk and fever following a L5-S1 decompression elsewhere, which corresponded clinico-radiologically with a picture of a spondylodiscitis on radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography. His blood culture was positive for S. paucimobilis. He was treated successfully by surgical debridement, stabilization, and fusion along with intravenous Linezolid followed by oral therapy, based on the antibiotic susceptibility profile. Repeat blood culture was negative after 7 weeks of antibiotic therapy. Patient improved symptomatically with radiographs showing good fusion at 1 year follow-up. S. paucimobilis, though a low virulence organism, is an emerging pathogen and should be dealt with cautiously.
CONCLUSION
This reiterates the importance of culture as unusual organisms may be isolated and appropriate antibiotics form the mainstay of treatment.
PubMed: 34327174
DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2021.v11.i04.2166 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Feb 2022Sphingomonas paucimobilis, previously known as Pseudomonas paucimobilis, is a Gram-negative rod. It is emerging as an opportunistic pathogen that can infect individuals...
INTRODUCTION
Sphingomonas paucimobilis, previously known as Pseudomonas paucimobilis, is a Gram-negative rod. It is emerging as an opportunistic pathogen that can infect individuals in community or hospital settings. It is believed that the natural habitat of this organism is soil and water, including water sources in the hospital environment.
CASE REPORT
We describe the case of a 46-year-old patient in whom S. paucimobilis was identified in the implanted bone flap after craniotomy. The postoperative bone flap was implanted in the right hypochondria and replaced after 8 weeks. There was a hypochondriac abscess in the area under the bone. Specimens from the thickened fascia and bone flap were cultured. The Gram stain showed Gram-negative rods and these rods were identified as S. paucimobilis. The patient was treated with a combination of Gentamicin 240 mg and Levofloxacin 750 mg once daily because the bacteria were resistant to carbapenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and anti-pseudomonal penicillin.
CONCLUSIONS
Although S. paucimobilis characteristically presents low virulence, for better patient management and outcome, the diagnosis should be immediately followed by appropriate antibiotic therapy guided by susceptibility test results of each case.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Craniotomy; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Middle Aged; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 35298437
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.15369 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Due to the high propensity of drug resistance in , the number of currently available therapeutic drugs has become very limited. Thus, it becomes incredibly important to...
Due to the high propensity of drug resistance in , the number of currently available therapeutic drugs has become very limited. Thus, it becomes incredibly important to prepare an effective vaccine formulation capable of eliciting an effective immune response against . In this study, we prepared a liposomal vaccine formulation bearing glycosphingolipids (GSLs) from and loaded with the whole cell antigen (WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes) of . The immune-stimulating potential and prophylactic efficacy of WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes were compared with those of WCAgs-liposomes (without GSLs) or free WCAgs in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. The efficacy of vaccine formulations was determined by analyzing antibody titer, cytokine levels, and survival studies in the immunized mice. The findings revealed that vaccination with WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes stimulated a greater secretion of antibodies and cytokines, higher lymphocyte proliferation, and increased expression of the co-stimulatory molecules. Anti-sera from WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes-immunized mice remarkably reduced the biofilm formation by . Most importantly, WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes-vaccinated mice demonstrated a higher defiance against the pathogen, as compared to the immunizations with WCAgs-liposomes (without GSLs) or free WCAgs. Immunocompetent mice immunized with WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes showed a 100% survival rate, while those immunized with WCAgs-liposomes exhibited a 60% survival rate. The protective effect of WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes was also found to be higher in immunocompromised mice, as the immunized mice showed a 50% survival rate, which was greater than the 20% survival rate of those immunized with WCAgs-liposomes. The survival data was also supported by the findings of bacterial load and histological analysis that substantiated the greatest prophylactic potential of the WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes. These findings recommend that WCAgs-GSLs-liposomes may be reckoned as a prospective vaccine to protect the persons against infection.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Acinetobacter baumannii; Liposomes; Glycosphingolipids; Pneumonia
PubMed: 36431892
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227790 -
Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and... 2013Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a causative agent of infection in immunocompromised patients, and healthcare-associated infection. Although the infections associated with...
Sphingomonas paucimobilis is a causative agent of infection in immunocompromised patients, and healthcare-associated infection. Although the infections associated with S.paucimobilis occurs rarely, it has been encountered with increasing frequency in clinical settings. In the current study we reported clinical features of the children with S.paucimobilis infection, and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolated strains among the patients. This study was conducted in Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Hospital, Turkey, during the period of January 2005 and December 2012. The medical records of pediatric patients with positive cultures for S.paucimobilis were reviewed. Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolates were recovered from 24 pediatric patients. The median age was 4 years (ranging from 3 days infant to 15 years) and 58,3% were male. Eight (33,3%) of the patients were under 1 months of age. Among the patients; 13 (54,2%) infections were community related however 11(45.8%) infections were nosocomial infection. The median duration of hospital stay was 7 days (ranging from 4 to 22 days). The most effective antibiotics were fluoroquinolones, carbapenems, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. This is the first largest study in children to evaluate the clinical features of S. paucimobilis infections. Sphingomonas paucimobilis may cause infections in both previously healthy and immunocompromised children. Although variable antimicrobial regimens were achieved to the patients, there was no attributable fatality due to S.paucimobilis infections due to the low virulence of the bacteria.
PubMed: 23795278
DOI: 10.4084/MJHID.2013.040 -
Cureus May 2022is a nonfermenting gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in both community environments and hospitals. Various infections have been identified in humans,...
is a nonfermenting gram-negative bacillus that is widely distributed in both community environments and hospitals. Various infections have been identified in humans, but most have been limited to case reports. When reported, it is most commonly nosocomial infections associated with contaminated hospital equipment such as indwelling catheters, ventilators, hemodialysis devices, and very rarely upper respiratory tract infections. We report an unusual presentation of infection. This case report describes a 59-year-old immunocompetent man who presented with a retropharyngeal abscess. Blood culture was positive for . The patient was treated for a total of 21 days of intravenous (IV) cefepime and oral (PO) metronidazole. He showed significant improvement and was discharged home with no medical sequelae.
PubMed: 35774695
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25407 -
Clinical Case Reports Jul 2023can cause infection in healthy people. As this bacterium is slow-growing, special attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis and control of its antibiotic...
KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE
can cause infection in healthy people. As this bacterium is slow-growing, special attention should be paid to the timely diagnosis and control of its antibiotic resistance to prevent the spread of resistant strains.
ABSTRACT
This study reports a case of ocular infection caused by and its treatment with various antibiotics. A middle-aged woman with prolonged purulent eye discharge was admitted to an ophthalmology clinic in Qazvin, Iran. A strain of was isolated from the patient. The sample was identified by Sanger sequencing of the 16s rRNA gene, and an antibiogram test was performed to determine its resistance profile. The patient was treated with ceftazidime and levofloxacin eye drops. The bacterial culture was negative 18 days after starting ceftazidime and levofloxacin treatment. The antibiogram results showed that the isolated bacterium was resistant to aminoglycosides and colistin. This study highlights that can cause disease even in immunocompetent individuals. Due to the different resistance profiles of this bacterium, treatment should be based on antibiogram results.
PubMed: 37476596
DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7715 -
IDCases 2023This report describes a case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia and infective endocarditis with a mycotic aneurysm in a young patient with Crohn's disease. Our...
This report describes a case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis bacteremia and infective endocarditis with a mycotic aneurysm in a young patient with Crohn's disease. Our patient reported prolonged intermittent fever followed by sudden hemiparesis and a tonic clonic convulsion. His blood cultures showed growth of , and further cardiac imaging revealed the presence of a vegetation with severe valvular regurgitation. Cerebral angiography showed middle cerebral artery occlusion and aneurysm. The patient was treated with meropenem for 6 weeks, coupled with aortic valve replacement, and coiling of the aneurysm. Our patient recovered with good results. is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen of growing importance in the clinical setting.
PubMed: 36654734
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2023.e01687 -
The New Microbiologica Oct 2013Sphingomonas paucimobilis occurs widely both in natural and nosocomial environments, including hospital water systems, respiratory therapy equipment, and laboratory... (Review)
Review
Sphingomonas paucimobilis occurs widely both in natural and nosocomial environments, including hospital water systems, respiratory therapy equipment, and laboratory instruments. It is an opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes infections in humans. Among S. paucimobilis nosocomial infections, osteomyelitis is particularly rare. Almost all infections occur in patients with comorbidities such as malignancy, immunosuppressant therapy, diabetes mellitus and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We present the first case of Sphingomonas paucimobilis osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient and include updated literature concerning infections by this microorganism.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cross Infection; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Osteomyelitis; Sphingomonas
PubMed: 24177306
DOI: No ID Found -
Microbiology Spectrum Feb 2022In an ongoing microbial tracking investigation of the International Space Station (ISS), several strains were isolated. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence,...
In an ongoing microbial tracking investigation of the International Space Station (ISS), several strains were isolated. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, phylogenetic analysis identified the ISS strains as Sphingomonas sanguinis ( = 2) and one strain isolated from the Kennedy Space Center cleanroom (used to assemble various Mars mission spacecraft components) as Sphingomonas paucimobilis. Metagenomic sequence analyses of different ISS locations identified 23 species. An abundance of shotgun metagenomic reads were detected for S. sanguinis in the location from where the ISS strains were isolated. A complete metagenome-assembled genome was generated from the shotgun reads metagenome, and its comparison with the whole-genome sequences (WGS) of the ISS S. sanguinis isolates revealed that they were highly similar. In addition to the phylogeny, the WGS of these strains were compared with the WGS of the type strains to elucidate genes that can potentially aid in plant growth promotion. Furthermore, the WGS comparison of these strains with the well-characterized sp. LK11, an arid desert strain, identified several genes responsible for the production of phytohormones and for stress tolerance. Production of one of the phytohormones, indole-3-acetic acid, was further confirmed in the ISS strains using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pathways associated with phosphate uptake, metabolism, and solubilization in soil were conserved across all the S. sanguinis and S. paucimobilis strains tested. Furthermore, genes thought to promote plant resistance to abiotic stress, including heat/cold shock response, heavy metal resistance, and oxidative and osmotic stress resistance, appear to be present in these space-related S. sanguinis and strains. Characterizing these biotechnologically important microorganisms found on the ISS and harnessing their key features will aid in the development of self-sustainable long-term space missions in the future. is ubiquitous in nature, including the anthropogenically contaminated extreme environments. Members of the genus have been identified as potential candidates for space biomining beyond earth. This study describes the isolation and identification of members from the ISS, which are capable of producing the phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid. Microbial production of phytohormones will help future studies, grow plants beyond low earth orbit, and establish self-sustainable life support systems. Beyond phytohormone production, stable genomic elements of abiotic stress resistance, heavy metal resistance, and oxidative and osmotic stress resistance were identified, rendering the ISS isolate a strong candidate for biotechnology-related applications.
Topics: Genomics; Indoleacetic Acids; Metagenome; Metagenomics; Phylogeny; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Spacecraft; Sphingomonas; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 35019675
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01994-21 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022The indiscriminate use and overuse of various antibiotics have caused the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in poultry products and the surrounding...
The indiscriminate use and overuse of various antibiotics have caused the rapid emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in poultry products and the surrounding environment, giving rise to global public health issues. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) found in the environment of poultry farms and to evaluate the risk of contamination in these farms based on multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values. Soil and effluent samples were collected from 13 poultry farms. The VITEK 2 system was used for bacterial identification and susceptibility testing of the isolates. The identified Gram-negative isolates were Acinetobacter spp., spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. The results showed that Enterobacter spp. spp., and spp. exhibited the highest MDR rates and MAR indices; 14% of K. pneumoniae isolates (3/21 isolates) were resistant to 13 antibiotics and found to be extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria. As for the tested antibiotics, 96.6% of the isolates (28/29 isolates) demonstrated resistance to ampicillin, followed by ampicillin-sulbactam (55.9% [33/59 isolates]) and cefazolin (54.8% [57/104 isolates]). The high percentage of MDR bacteria and the presence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae strains suggested the presence of MDR genes from the poultry farm environment, which poses an alarming threat to the effectiveness of the available antibiotic medicines to treat infectious diseases. Therefore, the use of antibiotics should be regulated and controlled, while studies addressing One Health issues are vital for combating and preventing the development and spread of ARB. The occurrence and spread of ARB due to high demand in poultry industries are of great public health concern. The widespread emergence of antibiotic resistance, particularly MDR among bacterial pathogens, poses challenges in clinical treatment. Some pathogens are now virtually untreatable with current antibiotics. However, those pathogens were rarely explored in the environment. In alignment with the concept of One Health, it is imperative to study the rate of resistance in the environment, because this domain plays an important role in the dissemination of bacteria to humans, animals, and other environmental areas. Reliable data on the prevalence of MDR bacteria are crucial to curb the spread of bacterial pathogens that can cause antimicrobial-resistant infections.
Topics: Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Farms; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Poultry; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 35467407
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02694-21