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Toxicon : Official Journal of the... May 2015This is the first study on the hemolymph from a spider of the Loxosceles genus. These animals are responsible for a great number of envenomation cases worldwide. Several...
This is the first study on the hemolymph from a spider of the Loxosceles genus. These animals are responsible for a great number of envenomation cases worldwide. Several studies on Loxosceles venoms have been published, and the knowledge about the venom and its toxins is considerable, not only regarding the biological and biochemical characterization, but also regarding structural, genetic and phylogenetic approaches. However, the literature on Loxosceles hemolymph is nonexistent. The main goal of the present study was to characterize biochemically the hemolymph content, and especially, to identify its different hemocytes. Moreover, many papers have already shown molecules whose source is the hemolymph and their very interesting activities and biomedical applications, for example, antifungal and antibacterial activities. A 2D-SDS-PAGE of brown spider hemolymph showed approximately 111 spots for pH 3-10 and 150 spots for pH 4-7. A lectin-blotting assay showed that hemolymph carbohydrate residues were similar to those found in venom. Several types of TAG and DAG phospholipids were found in the hemolymph and characterized by HPTLC and mass spectrometry. Four different hemocytes were characterized in Loxosceles intermedia hemolymph: prohemocyte, plasmatocyte, granulocyte and adipohemocyte. This paper opens new possibilities on toxinology, studying an unknown biological material, and it characterizes a source of molecules with putative biotechnological applications.
Topics: Animals; Bites and Stings; Brown Recluse Spider; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Hemolymph; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Phylogeny; Spider Venoms
PubMed: 25720299
DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.02.008 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Apr 2005
Review
Topics: Antifungal Agents; Bacterial Infections; Diagnosis, Differential; Granuloma Annulare; Hand Dermatoses; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psoriasis; Rickettsia Infections; Spider Bites; Tinea
PubMed: 15856966
DOI: No ID Found -
Toxins Nov 2020Envenomation by spiders ( family) has been thoroughly documented. However, little is known about the potential toxicity of members from the genus. Only the venom of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Envenomation by spiders ( family) has been thoroughly documented. However, little is known about the potential toxicity of members from the genus. Only the venom of the Brazilian spider has been toxicologically characterized. In Chile, the species is widely distributed in desert and semidesert environments, and it is not considered a dangerous spider for humans. This study aimed to characterize the potential toxicity of the Chilean spider. To do so, specimens of were captured in the Atacama Desert, the venom was extracted, and the protein concentration was determined. Additionally, the venoms were analyzed by electrophoresis and Western blotting using anti-recombinant PLD1 serum. Phospholipase D enzymatic activity was assessed, and the hemolytic and cytotoxic effects were evaluated and compared with those of the venom. The venom was able to hydrolyze sphingomyelin as well as induce complement-dependent hemolysis and the loss of viability of skin fibroblasts with a dermonecrotic effect of the venom in rabbits. The venom of showed intraspecific variations, with a similar protein pattern as that of venom at 32-35 kDa, recognized by serum anti-LlPLD1. In this context, we can conclude that the venom of is similar to in many aspects, and the dermonecrotic toxin present in their venom could cause severe harm to humans; thus, precautions are necessary to avoid exposure to their bite.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Proteins; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Female; Fibroblasts; Hemolysis; Humans; Hydrolysis; Male; Necrosis; Phospholipase D; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Rabbits; Skin; Sphingomyelins; Spider Bites; Spider Venoms; Spiders
PubMed: 33171968
DOI: 10.3390/toxins12110702 -
Cureus Jul 2022Spider bites, including the bites of recluse spiders (, also known as brown spiders), usually lead to local symptoms; however, severe systemic symptoms have also been...
Spider bites, including the bites of recluse spiders (, also known as brown spiders), usually lead to local symptoms; however, severe systemic symptoms have also been reported in the literature. Management of spider bites is based on symptoms. In severe cases involving the development of angioedema, hemolytic anemia, skin necrosis with superimposed bacterial infection or disseminated intravascular coagulation, antibiotics, steroids, blood transfusions, and plasma exchange may also play a role. We present a case of a brown recluse spider bite resulting in symptomatic hemolytic anemia and jaundice requiring blood transfusion.
PubMed: 35936160
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26574 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2015Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare severe cutaneous adverse reaction pattern that is mostly caused by the intake of drugs and rarely associated with...
Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis is a rare severe cutaneous adverse reaction pattern that is mostly caused by the intake of drugs and rarely associated with viral infections, food allergens or toxins. Here we present the report of three patients who got admitted in our hospital for generalized pustulosis and fever after insect bites. The diagnosis of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis was made by EuroSCAR scoring. The drug etiology was excluded and spider bite was implicated as the etiological agent in these cases of AGEP which are the first such reported cases in India.
PubMed: 26288442
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.160529 -
Cureus Oct 2023Loxoscelism-associated hemolytic anemia is a rare but critical complication of brown recluse spider bites. It may lead to various systemic manifestations, including...
Loxoscelism-associated hemolytic anemia is a rare but critical complication of brown recluse spider bites. It may lead to various systemic manifestations, including jaundice, dark urine, and anemia-related symptoms, in addition to general loxoscelism symptoms such as skin lesions, fever, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting. Prompt diagnosis is crucial and requires recognizing typical laboratory findings such as low hemoglobin, elevated lactate dehydrogenase, reduced haptoglobin levels, and possibly a positive direct antiglobulin test. There is no definitive guideline for the treatment of loxoscelism-associated hemolytic anemia. we report a case of a 32-year-old female who developed severe Coombs-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia following a brown recluse spider bite, with an improvement in hemoglobin levels and hemolysis indices after the administration of systemic corticosteroids.
PubMed: 38021570
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47424 -
Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases Mar 2018The redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell) reportedly invaded Japan in September 1995. To date, 84 redback spider bite cases have been reported; 7 of these cases...
The redback spider (Latrodectus hasseltii Thorell) reportedly invaded Japan in September 1995. To date, 84 redback spider bite cases have been reported; 7 of these cases employed the antivenom. Antivenom has been imported from Australia in the past, but because of restrictions on exportation it was evident that nearly all of the antivenom present in Japan would expire during 2014. In 2014, a plan was proposed to experimentally manufacture and stockpile a horse antiserum for ourselves, using redback spiders indigenous to Japan. A total of 11,403 female spiders were captured alive: 1,217 from the vicinity of Nishinomiya City, Hyogo prefecture, and 10,186 from Osaka prefecture. Of these, 10,007 females were dissected, and the venom was extracted from the venom glands of individuals and subjected to crude purification to yield 4 lots, of which the majority was α-latrotoxin. Among them, a large amount of single lots with an estimated protein content of 236 mg is subsequently scheduled to be used for immunizing horses. We also determined lethal toxicity of the venom (LD: 9.17 μg per mouse), and established the assay for the determination of an anti-lethal titer of antivenom in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antivenins; Female; Japan; Lethal Dose 50; Mice; Neutralization Tests; Spider Venoms; Spiders
PubMed: 29491237
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2017.291 -
Avicenna Journal of Medicine 2017Black widow spiders are one of the most poisonous species to humans; there are more than 30 species of widow spiders in the globe but good thing that not all of them are...
INTRODUCTION
Black widow spiders are one of the most poisonous species to humans; there are more than 30 species of widow spiders in the globe but good thing that not all of them are dangerous. Some of these spiders produce toxic venoms, which cause broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including skin lesions, neurotoxicity, cardiac toxicity and death in some occasions. In Saudi Arabia there were no much reports of black widow spider bites apart from the case series by BUCUR and his group in ALBAHA region.
SETTINGS
In 2 years period a total of 8 patients were presented to the emergency departments diagnosed to have black widow spider bites based on description by the patients.
RESULTS
100 % of the cohort were males, aged between 25-58 years. The time between bite and presentation to emergency room was one hour in average (30 min to 4 hours). 75% occured during summer season. All of them 100% had one bite only and reported the bite to be at nighttime in 75% of the times. The average pain score at presentation was 4 /10.100% of the bites were in the lower extremities and almost all progressed to have lower back pain. Three patients had gastrointestinal tract manifestation in form of abdominal cramps and nausea. One had bilateral ptosis, none of them had cardiac or pulmonary complications. The outcome was excellent in all patients and the average of hospital stay was 2.5 days (1-5).
PubMed: 28469986
DOI: 10.4103/2231-0770.203606 -
Revista Chilena de Infectologia :... Oct 2009Loxoscelism represents a major public health problem for which there are no standard therapeutic interventions. (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Loxoscelism represents a major public health problem for which there are no standard therapeutic interventions.
OBJECTIVE
To review available scientific evidence on management of Loxoscelism
METHOD
Systematic review of clinical studies. The search included multiple databases (Medline, Lilacs, Embase, Web of Sciences, Cinahl, Pre-Cinahl, Paperfirst, Proceedingsfirst, Dissertations and Theses, Toxline, Cochrane Library), handsearch of references, and contact with experts.
RESULTS
Three clinical trials of poor methodological quality were identified from 5,207 references found. One trial (n = 31), concluded that the use of dapsone was associated with fewer local complications than surgical treatment. A second study (n = 46), concluded that the use of dapsone was superior to clorfenamine for skin lesions. A third study (n = 95) concluded that there was no differences between the use of oral dapsone, antivenom against anti-Loxosceles reclusa or a combination of both.
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient evidence based on good quality studies to recommend treatment guidelines for individuals with skin or visceral loxoscelism.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Skin Diseases; Spider Bites
PubMed: 19915750
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medical Toxicology :... Dec 2013
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Animals; Cholinergic Fibers; Hand; Humans; Male; Spider Bites; Spiders; Sweat Glands; Sweating
PubMed: 23963695
DOI: 10.1007/s13181-013-0327-6