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American Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2004To describe myoelectric patterns in the intestines of cows after electrode implantation. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To describe myoelectric patterns in the intestines of cows after electrode implantation.
ANIMALS
7 lactating Simmental-Red Holstein cows.
PROCEDURE
Cows were implanted with 7 pairs of bipolar silver electrodes (1 each in the ileum, cecum, and proximal loop of the ascending colon (PLAC) and 4 in the spiral colon). Myoelectric activity was monitored during 10 periods within the first 3 weeks after surgery. Recordings from the first 2 weeks were compared with recordings from the third week, which was considered a steady-state condition.
RESULTS
Significant changes over time were detected for 18 of 57 variables, including 3 variables describing myoelectric activity of the ileum, 6 variables of the cecum, 6 variables of the PLAC, and 3 variables of the spiral colon. Compared with values for the steady-state condition, 16 variables differed significantly for the 14-day period after surgery (7 variables until day 11, 2 variables until day 8, 4 variables until day 5, 1 variable until day 3, and 2 variables until day 2 after electrode implantation). None of the variables had significant changes that lasted only 1 day after surgery.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Significant changes were observed for several variables of myoelectric activity in all intestinal segments until as late as 11 days after electrode implantation, whereas a steady-state condition was reached 14 days after surgery. Effects of drugs, manipulations, or nutrition regimens on myoelectric activity of the bovine digestive tract should be evaluated no sooner than 2 weeks after electrode implantation.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Electrodes, Implanted; Electrophysiology; Female; Intestines; Myoelectric Complex, Migrating; Postoperative Period; Time Factors
PubMed: 15198220
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2004.65.797 -
Immunology Jul 1990The phenotypes of lymphocytes in the large intestinal patches (LIP) of lambs were examined by flow cytometry and immunohistology, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies...
The phenotypes of lymphocytes in the large intestinal patches (LIP) of lambs were examined by flow cytometry and immunohistology, using a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), and compared to those found in the jejunal (JPP) and ileal Peyer's patches (IPP). T-cell markers were detected on 25% of the LIP and JPP lymphocytes by cytofluorometry, and nearly all T cells expressed the CD4 molecule. In contrast, T cells were scarce in the IPP (less than 1%). The B-cell marker p220 was expressed by 74% of the LIP lymphocytes, whereas surface immunoglobulin-positive cells comprised 50-60% of the lymphocyte population. The adhesion molecule CD2 was expressed by a larger proportion of cells from the LIP and JPP than from the IPP, whereas the adhesion molecule CD44 was detected on more IPP lymphocytes. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens were expressed by nearly all lymphocytes from the LIP, JPP and IPP. The LIP contained 70-80% cells with MHC class II expression, whereas the majority of IPP cells (greater than 95%) were MHC class II positive. Immunohistology showed many CD4+ T lymphocytes in the follicles of the LIP and JPP, but none in the IPP follicles. CD8+ lymphocytes were found in the interfollicular areas and were absent from the follicles. The interfollicular areas of the rectal patch contained about 15% tau delta T cells. In contrast, the JPP, IPP and the colon patch at the beginning of spiral colon contained less than 3% tau delta T cells.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Surface; B-Lymphocytes; Colon; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Lymphocytes; Lymphoid Tissue; Rectum; Sheep; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 2199370
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Managed Care Jun 2005Recent technologic advances in the field of radiology have resulted in the availability of several new tests with potential applications for disease screening.... (Review)
Review
Recent technologic advances in the field of radiology have resulted in the availability of several new tests with potential applications for disease screening. Presently, these tests are being marketed directly to patients as noninvasive means to provide peace of mind that they are disease free. Such assurance is appealing to many individuals, and some are willing to spend up to 1500 dollars to choose from a menu of available diagnostic options. Given that a physician's referral is unnecessary, many healthcare providers are unaware that such testing has taken place until their patients present to them with abnormal test results. In this review, we examine the evidence supporting the use of electron beam computed tomography for coronary artery disease screening, spiral computed tomography of the chest for lung cancer screening, computed tomographic colonography for colon cancer screening, and total-body computed tomography for general screening. Although some of these modalities show promise for the future, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of any of these testing methods for secondary prevention. The potential for harm associated with false-positive test results, false-negative test results, undue anxiety, and radiation exposure exists but requires further study to quantify actual risk.
Topics: Colonic Neoplasms; Coronary Artery Disease; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Lung Neoplasms; Mass Screening; Radiography; United States
PubMed: 15974558
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Feb 2012Gastrointestinal cancers are heterogeneous and can overexpress several protein targets that can be imaged simultaneously on endoscopy using multiple molecular probes. We...
Gastrointestinal cancers are heterogeneous and can overexpress several protein targets that can be imaged simultaneously on endoscopy using multiple molecular probes. We aim to demonstrate a multispectral scanning fiber endoscope for wide-field fluorescence detection of colonic dysplasia. Excitation at 440, 532, and 635 nm is delivered into a single spiral scanning fiber, and fluorescence is collected by a ring of light-collecting optical fibers placed around the instrument periphery. Specific-binding peptides are selected with phage display technology using the CPC;Apc mouse model of spontaneous colonic dysplasia. Validation of peptide specificity is performed on flow cytometry and in vivo endoscopy. The peptides KCCFPAQ, AKPGYLS, and LTTHYKL are selected and labeled with 7-diethylaminocoumarin-3-carboxylic acid (DEAC), 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA), and CF633, respectively. Separate droplets of KCCFPAQ-DEAC, AKPGYLS-TAMRA, and LTTHYKL-CF633 are distinguished at concentrations of 100 and 1 μM. Separate application of the fluorescent-labeled peptides demonstrate specific binding to colonic adenomas. The average target/background ratios are 1.71 ± 0.19 and 1.67 ± 0.12 for KCCFPAQ-DEAC and AKPGYLS-TAMRA, respectively. Administration of these two peptides together results in distinct binding patterns in the blue and green channels. Specific binding of two or more peptides can be distinguished in vivo using a novel multispectral endoscope to localize colonic dysplasia on real-time wide-field imaging.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Colonic Neoplasms; Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure Analysis; Fiber Optic Technology; Image Enhancement; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Microscopy, Fluorescence, Multiphoton; Molecular Imaging
PubMed: 22463021
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.17.2.021103 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Dec 20095 Vietnamese potbellied pigs were evaluated for abdominal distress that had not responded to medical treatment (4 pigs) or a draining tract of the cranial abdomen of...
CASE DESCRIPTION
5 Vietnamese potbellied pigs were evaluated for abdominal distress that had not responded to medical treatment (4 pigs) or a draining tract of the cranial abdomen of unknown duration (1 pig).
CLINICAL FINDINGS
Clinical signs in the pigs included anorexia, vomiting, and constipation. Physical examination revealed a palpable abdominal mass in all pigs. Radiography revealed distended loops of small intestine in 2 pigs.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME
3 pigs were treated successfully with wide-margin excision of the abdominal masses, and 2 were euthanized. Primary tumors were diagnosed at necropsy or through histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens obtained during surgery. Types of tumor included cholangiocellular carcinoma, transmural gastric carcinoma, small intestinal adenocarcinoma, metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma, and carcinoma. The tumors involved the stomach, small intestine, spiral colon, liver, and gall bladder. All 3 surgically treated pigs survived at least 9 months after surgery.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Although rare, neoplasia of the alimentary system should be considered among the differential diagnoses for potbellied pigs with signs of abdominal distress. Wide-margin excision of the neoplastic tissue may result in a good outcome in affected pigs.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Male; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 19951106
DOI: 10.2460/javma.235.11.1336 -
Clinical Medicine. Oncology Aug 2009Although multiple studies testing the accuracy of CT in the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma have been carried out, their results are controversial. Whilst...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Although multiple studies testing the accuracy of CT in the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma have been carried out, their results are controversial. Whilst some authors claim that CT is an accurate method for preoperatively staging gastric cancer, others have advocated the contrary. Because of this discrepancy we have retrospectively reviewed preoperative CT findings compared with histopathological results in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Seventy-two patients diagnosed with gastric cancer who underwent potentially curative surgery and preoperative staging CT of quality were included in the study. The size, gastric wall thickening, presence of lymphadenopathy, adjacent organ invasion and location of the gastric mass was recorded. Early tumors (T1 and T2) and more advanced tumors (T3 and T4) were grouped together. CT staging was correlated with the final histopathological stage (TNM). The global results were expressed as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV).
RESULTS
Seventy-two cases were included with fifty-five being male and a median age of 67 years (range 33-91). CT correctly identified the location of the tumor in 56 (53% antropyloric, 18% subcardial). Median time from CT scan to surgery was fourteen days (range 2-49). In T detection: T1/T2 and T3/T4 with sensitivity of 70% and 61%. Lymph node involvement: Sensitivity 49%. Overstaged in 47% Understaged in 75%. Specificity of 53%. Nine patients with colon-mesocolon (5 patients) and pancreas (4 patients) invasion. Sensitivity 44% and specificity 96%.
CONCLUSION
Spiral CT is not an accurate method in predicting preoperative stages in gastric cancer.
PubMed: 20689615
DOI: 10.4137/cmo.s2641 -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2019
Topics: Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction; Erythromycin; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Heart Failure; Humans; Intestine, Large; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Middle Aged; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Neostigmine; Postoperative Complications; Tomography, Spiral Computed; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30693875
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_405_18 -
Infection and Immunity Feb 2005Gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, its luxS mutant derivative, or nonpathogenic E. coli were evaluated for attaching and effacing lesions....
Gnotobiotic piglets inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, its luxS mutant derivative, or nonpathogenic E. coli were evaluated for attaching and effacing lesions. Although no differences in clinical symptoms were seen between pigs inoculated with the parent and those inoculated with the luxS mutant, the luxS mutant-inoculated pigs had a lower frequency of attaching and effacing lesions in the spiral colon than parent strain-inoculated pigs.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; Cell Adhesion; Colon; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli O157; Germ-Free Life; Mutation; Swine
PubMed: 15664967
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.73.2.1214-1216.2005 -
Mutual reinforcement of inflammation and carcinogenesis by the Helicobacter pylori CagA oncoprotein.Scientific Reports May 2015Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strain delivers the CagA oncoprotein into gastric epithelial cells and at the same time elicits stomach inflammation. To experimentally...
Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strain delivers the CagA oncoprotein into gastric epithelial cells and at the same time elicits stomach inflammation. To experimentally investigate the pathophysiological interplay between CagA and inflammation, transgenic mice systemically expressing the bacterial cagA gene were treated with a colitis inducer, dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Compared with control mice, DSS-induced colitis was markedly deteriorated in cagA-transgenic mice. In the colonic epithelia of cagA-transgenic mice, there was a substantial decrease in the level of IκB, which binds and sequesters NF-κB in the cytoplasm. This IκB reduction was due to CagA-mediated inhibition of PAR1, which may stimulate IκB degradation by perturbing microtubule stability. Whereas the CagA-mediated IκB reduction did not automatically activate NF-κB, it lowered the threshold of NF-κB activation by inflammogenic insults, thereby contributing to colitis exacerbation in cagA-transgenic mice. CagA also activates inflammasomes independently of NF-κB signaling, which further potentiates inflammation. The incidence of colonic dysplasia was elevated in DSS-treated cagA-transgenic mice due to a robust increase in the number of pre-cancerous flat-type dysplasias. Thus, CagA deteriorated inflammation, whereas inflammation strengthened the oncogenic potential of CagA. This work revealed that H. pylori CagA and inflammation reinforce each other in creating a downward spiral that instigates neoplastic transformation.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Carcinogenesis; Colitis; Dextran Sulfate; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Inflammasomes; Male; Mice; Mice, Transgenic
PubMed: 25944120
DOI: 10.1038/srep10024 -
Gut Aug 1970The incidence of faecal stasis and of diverticular disease has been studied in a group of 399 patients with ulcerative colitis. Sixty-one patients had faecal stasis and...
The incidence of faecal stasis and of diverticular disease has been studied in a group of 399 patients with ulcerative colitis. Sixty-one patients had faecal stasis and 23 patients had diverticular disease. Pathological studies demonstrated an increase in the thickness of the inner spiral muscle in colitis patients with faecal stasis. The thickening was not as great as that seen in diverticular disease. Preliminary studies on the motility patterns in patients with faecal stasis show a higher mean activity in the pelvic colon than in normals but not as great as that seen in diverticular disease. Pressure studies in patients with faecal stasis have shown hypotonia in the proximal colon associated with dilatation.The possible significance of these results is discussed. It is suggested that ulcerative colitis may initiate a motility disturbance which leads to muscle thickening similar to that in diverticular disease. Diverticula associated with ulcerative colitis are usually not involved in the mucosal inflammatory process.
Topics: Barium Sulfate; Cathartics; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Constipation; Diverticulum, Colon; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Male; Paraffin; Succinates
PubMed: 5471035
DOI: 10.1136/gut.11.8.688