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Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Dec 2018Colon crypts are recognized as a mechanical and biochemical Turing patterning model. Colon epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer demonstrated 2D Turing patterns via force...
Colon crypts are recognized as a mechanical and biochemical Turing patterning model. Colon epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayer demonstrated 2D Turing patterns via force analysis of apical tight junction live cell imaging which illuminated actomyosin meshwork linking the actomyosin network of individual cells. Actomyosin forces act in a mechanobiological manner that alters cell/nucleus/tissue morphology. We observed the rotational motion of the nucleus in Caco-2 cells that appears to be driven by actomyosin during the formation of a differentiated confluent epithelium. Single- to multi-cell ring/torus-shaped genomes were observed prior to complex fractal Turing patterns extending from a rotating torus centre in a spiral pattern consistent with a gene morphogen motif. These features may contribute to the well-described differentiation from stem cells at the crypt base to the luminal colon epithelium along the crypt axis. This observation may be useful to study the role of mechanogenomic processes and the underlying molecular mechanisms as determinants of cellular and tissue architecture in space and time, which is the focal point of the 4D nucleome initiative. Mathematical and bioengineer modelling of gene circuits and cell shapes may provide a powerful algorithm that will contribute to future precision medicine relevant to a number of common medical disorders.
Topics: Actomyosin; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Differentiation; Colon; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Stem Cells; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 30255651
DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13853 -
PloS One 2017Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that colonizes ruminants. Cattle are considered the primary reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 with super-shedders, defined as...
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen that colonizes ruminants. Cattle are considered the primary reservoir of E. coli O157:H7 with super-shedders, defined as individuals excreting > 104 E. coli O157:H7 CFU g-1 feces. The mechanisms leading to the super-shedding condition are largely unknown. Here, we used 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to examine the composition of the fecal bacterial community in order to investigate changes in the bacterial microbiota at several locations along the digestive tract (from the duodenum to the rectal-anal junction) in 5 steers previously identified as super-shedders and 5 non-shedders. The overall bacterial community structure did not differ by E. coli O157:H7 shedding status; but several differences in the relative abundance of taxa and OTUs were noted between the two groups. The genus Prevotella was most enriched in the non-shedders while the genus Ruminococcus and the Bacteroidetes phylum were notably enriched in the super-shedders. There was greater bacterial diversity and richness in samples collected from the lower- as compared to the upper gastrointestinal tract (GI). The spiral colon was the only GI location that differed in terms of bacterial diversity between super-shedders and non-shedders. These findings reinforced linkages between E. coli O157:H7 colonization in cattle and the nature of the microbial community inhabiting the digestive tract of super-shedders.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Shedding; Biodiversity; Cattle; Discriminant Analysis; Escherichia coli O157; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Principal Component Analysis
PubMed: 28141846
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170050 -
Journal of Biomedical Physics &... Oct 2020Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common and potentially lethal complication after surgical interventions in the abdomen. Radiologic imaging is the main diagnostic...
BACKGROUND
Adhesive intestinal obstruction is a common and potentially lethal complication after surgical interventions in the abdomen. Radiologic imaging is the main diagnostic method.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to analyse the diagnostic value of spiral computed tomography with a novel method (n = 54).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this multidirectional cohort study, we present the data with non-parallel (historical) control. This study included the analysis of results of patients with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction (n = 54) who were admitted to the surgical departments of the City Clinical Hospitals (Ufa city) from 2013 to 2019; the patients' examination methods included computed tomography with conventional enhancement. The proposed novel enhancement method was implemented by ingesting a mixture containing 50 ml of the contrast Unigexol (300 mg) in 1.0 L cold mineral carbonated water, and Computed tomography (CT) was performed during 40 min after ingesting the contrast meal. Further, the patients with suspected obstruction in the colon were administered a pre-prepared contrast enema with a decoction of leaves of smoke-tree (100 g), chamomile flowers (100 g) and calendula flowers (100 g). Additionally, CT was performed.
RESULTS
Obstruction was conservatively stopped in 24 (44.4%) patients of the main group. Remaining 30 (55.6%) patients from the main group were operated with minimal surgical access in the early stages.
CONCLUSION
Owing to early diagnosis of intestinal obstruction and application of the phytocomposition during the examination, exerting various effects such as antispasmodic, analgesic, disinfectant, bactericidal, cicatrising, choleretic, tanning and decongestant, unnecessary surgical interventions were prevented.
PubMed: 33134220
DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1912-1032 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Mar 2019Enteric disease in pigs is usually of multifactorial etiology, including infectious and non-infectious factors. In many cases of endemic diarrhea in weaner-to-finisher...
Enteric disease in pigs is usually of multifactorial etiology, including infectious and non-infectious factors. In many cases of endemic diarrhea in weaner-to-finisher pigs, the combination of 2 or more microorganisms leads to aggravation of intestinal lesions and, consequently, clinical signs. We autopsied a 4-mo-old fattening pig with diarrhea and diagnosed severe fibrinonecrotizing typhlocolitis. Numerous spiral-shaped bacteria and amoeba-like PAS-positive protozoa were observed in the cecal and colonic mucosa and submucosa. Brachyspira hyodysenteriae was detected by PCR from colonic content. By in situ hybridization, large numbers of Entamoeba polecki were found within the lamina propria and submucosa; moderate numbers of Blastocystis sp. and scattered trichomonads were present in intestinal content. In addition, Entamoeba polecki, Balantidium spp., Blastocystis sp., and Trichomonas sp. were also detected by PCR.
Topics: Animals; Brachyspira hyodysenteriae; Cecum; Coinfection; Colon; Diarrhea; Entamoeba; Entamoebiasis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; In Situ Hybridization; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 30741127
DOI: 10.1177/1040638719829800 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Aug 2006To investigate the distribution of mRNA coding for 9 adrenoceptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and cows with cecal dilatationdislocation (CDD).
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the distribution of mRNA coding for 9 adrenoceptor subtypes in the intestines of healthy dairy cows and cows with cecal dilatationdislocation (CDD).
SAMPLE POPULATION
Full-thickness specimens of the intestinal wall were obtained from the ileum, cecum, proximal loop of the ascending colon (PLAC), and external loop of the spiral colon (ELSC) of 15 cows with CDD (group 1) and 15 healthy (control) cows (group 2, specimens collected during laparotomy; group 3, specimens collected after slaughter).
PROCEDURES
Concentrations of mRNA for 9 adrenoceptor subtypes (alpha(1A), alpha(1B), alpha(1D), alpha(2AD), alpha(2B), alpha(2C), beta(1), beta(2), and beta(3)) were measured by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR assay. Results were expressed relative to mRNA expression of a housekeeping gene.
RESULTS
Expression of mRNA for alpha(1B)-, alpha(2AD)-, alpha(2B)-, beta(1)-, and beta(2)-adrenoceptors was significantly lower in cows with CDD than in control cows. In the ileum, these receptors all had lower mRNA expression in cows with CDD than in control cows. The same effect was detected in the ELSC for mRNA for alpha(2AD)-, alpha(2B)-, beta(1)-, and beta(2)-adrenoceptors, and in the cecum and PLAC for alpha(2B)- and beta(2)-adrenoceptors. Groups did not differ significantly for alpha(1A)-adrenoceptors. The mRNA expression for alpha(1D)-, alpha(2C)-, and beta(3)-adrenoceptors was extremely low in all groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Differences in expression of mRNA coding for adrenoceptors, most pronounced in the ileum and spiral colon, between cows with CDD and control cows support the hypothesis of an implication of adrenergic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of CDD in dairy cows.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cecal Diseases; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Health; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; RNA, Messenger; Receptors, Adrenergic
PubMed: 16881849
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.67.8.1367 -
Journal of Food Protection Apr 2011Strategies aimed at reducing fecal shedding of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens may be effective for limiting transmission of pathogens from food animals to...
Strategies aimed at reducing fecal shedding of Salmonella and other foodborne pathogens may be effective for limiting transmission of pathogens from food animals to humans. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of gallium maltolate (GaM) against Salmonella in vitro and to determine whether oral administration of GaM would reduce fecal shedding of Salmonella in cattle. Gallium is a semimetal exhibiting antimicrobial properties against some pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella, by exploiting their need for iron to survive and replicate. In vitro growth studies were performed in pure cultures of Salmonella and in mixed cultures from ruminal fluid. Inclusion of GaM in culture medium or in mixed cultures of ruminal fluid resulted in a significant reduction in growth of Salmonella, suggesting that GaM may be effective for limiting growth and survival in vivo. Therefore, we subsequently administered two doses of GaM to Holstein steers, experimentally infected them with Salmonella, and quantitatively and qualitatively monitored fecal shedding at 12-h intervals. Sixty hours after beginning treatment, cattle were euthanized, and luminal contents and tissue were aseptically harvested from the rumen, jejunum, spiral colon, cecum, and rectum. The luminal contents were processed for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the challenge strains of Salmonella, and tissue samples were enriched and plated for qualitative analysis. We found no significant differences between control and treated animals in quantitative levels of Salmonella in the feces or the luminal contents. Likewise, we observed no pattern between control and treated animals in the frequency of positive or negative results from enriched feces, luminal contents, or tissue samples. These results suggest that GaM was not effective for reducing Salmonella in cattle.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Colony Count, Microbial; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feces; Food Contamination; Male; Organometallic Compounds; Pyrones; Random Allocation; Salmonella
PubMed: 21477464
DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-10-298 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Jun 2006The sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine has been found to increase mucosal adherence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in explants of murine cecum...
The sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine has been found to increase mucosal adherence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in explants of murine cecum and porcine distal colon. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that norepinephrine augments the initial, loose adherence of this important pathogen to the intestinal mucosa. In mucosal sheets of porcine cecum or proximal, spiral and distal colon mounted in Ussing chambers, norepinephrine (10 microM, contraluminal addition) increased mucosal adherence of wild-type E. coli O157:H7 strain 85-170; in the cecal mucosa, this effect occurred within 30-90 min after bacterial inoculation. In addition, norepinephrine transiently increased short-circuit current in cecal and colonic mucosal sheets, a measure of active anion transport. Norepinephrine was effective in promoting cecal adherence of a non-O157 E. coli strain as well as E. coli O157:H7 eae or espA mutant strains that are incapable of intimate mucosal attachment. Nerve fibers immunoreactive for the norepinephrine synthetic enzyme dopamine beta-hydroxylase appeared in close proximity to the cecal epithelium, and the norepinephrine reuptake blocker cocaine, like norepinephrine and the selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist UK-14,304, increased E. coli O157:H7 adherence. These results suggest that norepinephrine, acting upon the large bowel mucosa, modulates early, non-intimate adherence of E. coli O157:H7 and probably other mucosa-associated bacteria. Sympathetic nerves innervating the cecocolonic mucosa may link acute stress exposure or psychostimulant abuse with an increased microbial colonization of the intestinal surface. This in turn may alter host susceptibility to enteric infections.
Topics: Adhesins, Bacterial; Animals; Bacterial Adhesion; Cecum; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Colon; Escherichia coli O157; Escherichia coli Proteins; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Mutation; Nerve Fibers; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic; Swine; Sympathomimetics
PubMed: 16687138
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.03.081 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Dec 2006Little is known about the epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients in Israel. Also, a direct comparison of the clinical and laboratory features...
BACKGROUND
Little is known about the epidemiology of venous thromboembolism in hospitalized patients in Israel. Also, a direct comparison of the clinical and laboratory features between cancer and non-cancer patients has not yet been reported.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate and compare the epidemiologic, clinical and laboratory characteristics of cancer and non-cancer patients hospitalized with venous thromboembolism in a large referral medical center in Israel.
METHODS
Between February 2002 and February 2003, patients diagnosed at the Rambam Medical Center as suffering from VTE (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism), based on diagnostic findings on Doppler ultrasonography, spiral computed tomography scan or lung scan showing high probability for pulmonary embolism, were prospectively identified and evaluated. In addition, at the conclusion of the study period, the reports of spiral chest CT scans, performed during the aforementioned period in this hospital, were retrospectively reviewed to minimize the number of unidentified cases. Blood samples were drawn for evaluation of the coagulation profile.
RESULTS
Altogether, 147 patients were identified and 153 VTE events diagnosed, accounting for 0.25% of all hospitalizations during the study period. The cancer group included 63 patients (43%), most of whom had advanced disease (63%). The most common malignancies were cancer of the lung (16%), breast (14%), colon (11%) and pancreas (10%). Of 122 DVT events (with or without pulmonary embolism) there were 14 upper extremity thromboses (12%). The most common risk factors for VTE, except malignancy, were immobilization (33%), surgery/trauma (20%) and congestive heart failure (17%). There was no difference in prevalence of various risk factors between cancer and non-cancer patients. During an acute VTE event, D-dimer levels were higher in cancer patients than non-cancer patients (4.27 +/- 4.04 vs. 2.58 +/- 1.83 mg/L respectively, P = 0.055). Relatively low values of activated protein C sensitivity ratio and normalized protein C activation time were observed in both cancer and non-cancer groups (2.05 +/- 0.23 vs. 2.01 +/- 0.33 and 0.75 +/- 0.17 vs. 0.71 +/- 0.22, respectively). These values did not differ significantly between the groups.
CONCLUSION
The proportion of cancer patients among patients suffering from VTE was high. Their demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics (during an acute event) were not different from those of non-cancer patients, except for higher D-dimer levels.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Blood Coagulation Factors; Female; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Hospitalization; Humans; Israel; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Pulmonary Embolism; Receptors, Cell Surface; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Thromboembolism; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 17214102
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the Chinese Medical... Sep 2005The purpose of this study was to establish practical diagnostic criteria to differentiate colonic diverticulitis from colon cancer by computed tomography (CT) in the...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to establish practical diagnostic criteria to differentiate colonic diverticulitis from colon cancer by computed tomography (CT) in the emergency department (ER).
METHODS
Helical CT scans of 40 patients admitted to the ER with the clinical diagnosis of diverticulitis and 14 patients diagnosed with colon cancer were retrospectively reviewed. In total, 18 imaging parameters were analyzed and were compared between the 2 groups of patients.
RESULTS
Thirteen parameters were found to be statistically significant for the diagnosis of colonic diverticulitis in excluding colon cancer: pericolic infiltration (p < 0.001); presence of lymph nodes (p < 0.001); inflamed diverticula (p = 0.001); non-inflamed diverticula (p = 0.001); degree of enhancement (p = 0.001); intestinal obstruction (p = 0.001); involved wall thickness (p = 0.005); lymph node size (p = 0.007); fascial thickening (p = 0.009); pattern of enhancement (p = 0.012); involved length (p = 0.014); free air (p = 0.035); and abscess formation (p = 0.042). Among these parameters, the most valuable imaging findings for diverticulitis were the presence of non-inflamed diverticulum, inflamed diverticulum, mild degree of enhancement, and small lymph node size. Three were found to have high specificity but low sensitivity: target enhancement pattern; abscess formation; and free air. When colonic obstruction is present, colon cancer is more likely than diverticulitis.
CONCLUSION
Specific CT criteria help to differentiate colonic diverticulitis from colon cancer. CT scan with intravenous contrast administration would be the best noninvasive imaging modality in the ER for the accurate diagnosis and appropriate management of such disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonic Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Diverticulitis, Colonic; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tomography, Spiral Computed
PubMed: 16187597
DOI: 10.1016/S1726-4901(09)70156-X -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jan 1980Clinical examination of a ten month old Holstein heifer with a history of colic and anorexia revealed a distended viscus in the midline and a hard, sausage-shaped mass...
Clinical examination of a ten month old Holstein heifer with a history of colic and anorexia revealed a distended viscus in the midline and a hard, sausage-shaped mass in the right lower posterior quadrant of the abdomen. At surgery, the mass was exteriorized and found to be an intussusception of the colon into the spiral colon. The intussusception was reduced by traction and the animal made an uneventful recovery.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Colon; Colonic Diseases; Female; Intussusception
PubMed: 7363255
DOI: No ID Found