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Veterinary World Mar 2018The present work aims to isolate and identify bacteria that cause mastitis in small ruminants and evaluates the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics, honey,...
AIM
The present work aims to isolate and identify bacteria that cause mastitis in small ruminants and evaluates the antibacterial activity of some antibiotics, honey, essential oils, and plant extracts.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 289 milk samples were collected from udder secretions of sheep (n=189) and goat (n=100) from El-Fayoum, Beni-Suef, and Giza governorates. Screening subclinical mastitis (SCM) was done using California Mastitis Test (CMT); identification of the isolates was achieved using Gram's staining, hemolytic pattern, colony morphology, and biochemical tests using Analytical Profile Index.
RESULTS
On clinical examination, the incidence of clinical mastitis (CM) was found to be 5.88% and 7% in sheep and goat, respectively. On CMT, SCM was found to be 25 (13.23%) and 11 (10%) in sheep and goat, respectively. Bacteriological examination of all milk samples found the presence of (SA) (31.1%), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) (19.5%), (EC) (8.3%), spp. (5.6%), spp. (3.77%), and spp. (1.89%), while no bacteria were cultured from 81.66% of the samples. Identification of 9 isolates of CNS was achieved by using API staph test to , , , and . The highest bacterial resistance was found in EC (67.14%) followed by Kp (45.28%) and SA (26.57%).
CONCLUSION
Onion and black cumin essential oils followed by Egyptian honey showed strong antibacterial effects against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Finally, our study proved that Egyptian honey, onion, and black cumin essential oils have a marked strong antibacterial effect against bacteria isolated from small ruminant mastitis, but still further extensive studies are needed to discover the therapeutic properties of these plant extracts and honey.
PubMed: 29657429
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.355-362 -
Journal of Dairy Science May 2011A longitudinal study in 3 dairy herds was conducted to profile the distribution of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species causing bovine intramammary infection...
A longitudinal study in 3 dairy herds was conducted to profile the distribution of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species causing bovine intramammary infection (IMI) using molecular identification and to gain more insight in the pathogenic potential of CNS as a group and of the most prevalent species causing IMI. Monthly milk samples from 25 cows in each herd as well as samples from clinical mastitis were collected over a 13-mo period. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were identified to the species level using transfer-RNA intergenic spacer PCR. The distribution of CNS causing IMI was highly herd-dependent, but overall, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus cohnii, and Staphylococcus simulans were the most prevalent. No CNS species were found to cause clinical mastitis. The effect of the most prevalent species on the quarter milk somatic cell count (SCC) was analyzed using a linear mixed model, showing that Staph. chromogenes, Staph. simulans, and Staph. xylosus induced an increase in the SCC that is comparable with that of Staphylococcus aureus. Almost all CNS species were able to cause persistent IMI, with Staph. chromogenes causing the most persistent infections. In conclusion, accurate species identification cannot be ignored when studying the effect of CNS on udder health, as the effect on SCC differs between species and species distribution is herd-specific. Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staph. simulans, and Staph. xylosus seem to be the more important species and deserve special attention in further studies. Reasons for herd dependency and possible cow- and quarter-level risk factors should be examined in detail for the different species, eventually leading to cost-benefit analyses for management changes and, if needed, treatment recommendations.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Coagulase; Female; Longitudinal Studies; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine; Milk; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Species Specificity; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 21524522
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2010-3741 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021This study was carried out to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. Therapeutic formulations commonly used for...
This study was carried out to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. Therapeutic formulations commonly used for regenerative medicine purposes (platelet-rich plasma, platelet gel, platelet lysate, fibrin glue), considering both leukocyte-rich and leukocyte-poor formulations, but also platelet-poor plasma and activating substances (thrombin, calcium gluconate), were tested to detect elements with potential antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial effect was tested on different bacterial strains ( subspecies subspecies , and subspecies ) isolated from canine wounds and classified as susceptible, multidrug-, extensively, and pandrug-resistant bacteria toward a known panel of human and veterinary antibiotics. The evaluation was carried out by agar gel diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) and micro-inhibition in broth using microplates and spectrophotometer reading. The study findings confirmed the hypothesized antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. A more effective bacteriostatic effect was found against Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant too. The presence of leukocytes or platelets does not appear to be essential for the antibacterial effect. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the exact mechanism of action of the antimicrobial activity. However, non-transfusional hemo-components could be a useful natural aid in controlling bacterial infections in dogs.
PubMed: 34671662
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.746809 -
Journal of Dairy Science Oct 2019The aims of this study were to determine whether non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are present in rectal feces of healthy dairy cows, and if so, to delineate species to...
The aims of this study were to determine whether non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) are present in rectal feces of healthy dairy cows, and if so, to delineate species to which they belong and to study several phenotypic and genotypic traits as a first step toward determining the potential impact of fecal shedding of NAS on bovine udder health. Fecal samples were aseptically collected from the rectum of 25 randomly selected clinically healthy dairy cows in a commercial dairy herd using an automated milking system. Fecal NAS were isolated and then identified at the species level using transfer RNA-intergenic spacer PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA housekeeping gene. Strain typing was performed using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR. The antimicrobial resistance profiles, biofilm formation, and growth and inhibitory characteristics of all NAS isolates were evaluated. Half of the cows were shedding NAS, resulting in 31 NAS isolates belonging to 11 different species. The most prevalent species were Staphylococcus rostri (23%, n = 7), Staphylococcus cohnii (16%, n = 5), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus (13%, n = 4) with all Staphylococcus agnetis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Staph. rostri isolates belonging to the same strain according to RAPD banding patterns. Acquired antimicrobial resistance was observed in 28 of the 31 NAS isolates, mainly due to β-lactamase production. Most of the isolates (84%, n = 27) had a weak biofilm-forming potential, but only 2 contained the bap gene. The ica and aap genes were not detected in any of the isolates. In vitro growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus dysgalactiae was inhibited by Staph. agnetis isolates, and Staph. chromogenes isolates were able to inhibit the growth of Strep. dysgalactiae and Streptococcus uberis. All fecal isolates were able to grow when oxygen and iron were limitedly available, mimicking the growth conditions in the mammary gland.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Feces; Female; Genotype; Mammary Glands, Animal; Milk; Molecular Typing; Prevalence; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus haemolyticus; Streptococcus; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 31421888
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16662 -
BMC Veterinary Research Oct 2013A high proportion of staphylococci isolated from pigs affected with exudative epidermitis were found to be resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials. The primary objective...
BACKGROUND
A high proportion of staphylococci isolated from pigs affected with exudative epidermitis were found to be resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials. The primary objective of this research was to investigate and characterize β-lactam resistance in Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococci isolated from these pigs.
RESULTS
The antimicrobial resistance patterns of 240 staphylococci isolates were determined by disk diffusion, of which 176 (73.3%) of the isolates were resistant to 3 β-lactams (penicillin G, ampicillin, and ceftiofur). The presence of mecA gene was identified in 63 staphylococci isolates from skin samples by PCR. The mecA gene was identified in 19 S. aureus, 31 S. hyicus, 9 Staphylococcus chromogenes, 2 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, and in 1 isolate each of Staphylococcus arlettae, and Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies urealyticus. From SCCmec typing results, the majority (45/63, 71.4%) were shown to be SCCmec type V. One isolate was SCCmec III. Fourteen isolates were detected as mec class A, mec class C or ccr type 5. The ccr complex and mec complex was not detected in 3 isolates of methicillin resistant S. hyicus (MRSH) based on multiplex PCR. Of the 30 isolates of MRSA identified from nasal samples of the pigs, 29 isolates were SCCmec type V and 1 isolate was SCCmec type II. Staphyloccoci isolates that were mecA negative but resistant to β-lactam antimicrobials were further examined by screening for mecC, however all were negative. Furthermore, the majority of mecA negative β-lactam resistant staphylococci isolates were susceptible to oxacillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a double disk diffusion test.
CONCLUSIONS
Methicillin resistance can be identified in a variety of staphylococcal species isolated from pigs. In this study there was a great deal of similarity in the SCCmec types between staphylococcal species, suggesting that resistance may be passed from one species of staphylococci to another species of staphylococci. While this has been reported for acquisition of methicillin-resistance from coagulase negative staphylococci to S. aureus, these data suggest that transmission to or from the porcine pathogen S. hyicus may also occur. The identification of methicillin resistance in a variety of staphylococcal species in pigs does raise concerns about the spread of serious multi-drug resistance in food producing animals and warrants further study.
Topics: Ampicillin; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cephalosporins; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests; Epidermitis, Exudative, of Swine; Penicillin G; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus hyicus; Swine; beta-Lactam Resistance; beta-Lactams
PubMed: 24131819
DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-211 -
The Journal of Antimicrobial... Jun 2013To determine the antibiotic resistance and fingerprint profiles of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) from animal infections among different...
OBJECTIVES
To determine the antibiotic resistance and fingerprint profiles of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) from animal infections among different practices and examine the history of antibiotic treatment.
METHODS
Isolates were identified by mass spectrometry and tested for antimicrobial resistance by broth dilution, microarrays and sequence analysis of the topoisomerases. Diversity was assessed by PFGE, icaA PCR and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec), arginine catabolic mobile element (ACME) and multilocus sequence typing. Clinical records were examined retrospectively.
RESULTS
MRCoNS were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis (n=20), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n=17), Staphylococcus hominis (n=3), Staphylococcus capitis (n=1), Staphylococcus cohnii (n=1) and Staphylococcus warneri (n=1). PFGE identified one clonal lineage in S. hominis isolates and several in S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis. Fourteen sequence types were identified in S. epidermidis, with sequence type 2 (ST2) and ST5 being predominant. Ten isolates contained SCCmec IV, seven contained SCCmec V and the others were non-typeable. ACMEs were detected in 11 S. epidermidis isolates. One S. hominis and 10 S. epidermidis isolates were icaA positive. In addition to mecA-mediated β-lactam resistance, the most frequent resistance was to gentamicin/kanamycin [aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-III] (n=34), macrolides/lincosamides [erm(C), erm(A), msr, lnu(A)] (n=31), tetracycline [tet(K)] (n=22), streptomycin [str, ant(6)-Ia] (n=20), trimethoprim [dfr(A), dfr(G)] (n=17), sulfamethoxazole (n = 34) and fluoroquinolones [amino acid substitutions in GyrA and GrlA] (n=30). Clinical data suggest selection through multiple antibiotic courses and emphasize the importance of accurate diagnosis and antibiograms.
CONCLUSIONS
MRCoNS from animal infection sites are genetically heterogeneous multidrug-resistant strains that represent a new challenge in the prevention and therapy of infections in veterinary clinics.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Coagulase; Colony Count, Microbial; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Genotype; Horse Diseases; Horses; Interspersed Repetitive Sequences; Mass Spectrometry; Methicillin Resistance; Microarray Analysis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pets; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 23425780
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt020 -
Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 2015Stphylococcus cohnii is an organism of coagulase negative species which is considered as normal flora. However, it has been isolated from urinary tract infections and...
BACKGROUND
Stphylococcus cohnii is an organism of coagulase negative species which is considered as normal flora. However, it has been isolated from urinary tract infections and surgical prostheses but its relation with staghorn stones has not been reported, yet.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 50-years-old woman presented with left renal staghorn stone in June 2014. She had bilateral staghorn stones 7 years ago. Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies urealyticum were detected from a removed stone. After 7 years, recurrence staghorn stone in her left kidney was diagnosed and patient underwent another surgery. The patient had several attacks of cystitis during these 7 years. The results of stone and urine cultures revealed staphylococcus cohnii subspecies urealyticum.
CONCLUSION
This case report emphasizes a possible association between staphylococcus cohnii subspecies urealyticum infection and recurrence renal staghhorn stone.
PubMed: 26221496
DOI: No ID Found -
Anais Da Academia Brasileira de Ciencias Dec 2014The aim of this study was to evaluate the species distribution, antibiotic-resistance profile and presence of enterotoxin (SE) genes in staphylococci isolated from the...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the species distribution, antibiotic-resistance profile and presence of enterotoxin (SE) genes in staphylococci isolated from the Dilúvio stream in South Brazil. Eighty-eight staphylococci were identified, 93.18% were identified as coagulase-negative (CNS) and 6.82% coagulase-positive (CPS). Fourteen Staphylococcus species were detected and the most frequently were Staphylococcus cohnii (30.48%) and S. haemolyticus (21.95%). Resistance to erythromycin was verified in 37.50% of the strains, followed by 27.27% to penicillin, 12.50% to clindamycin, 6.81% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, 5.68% to chloramphenicol and 2.27% to norfloxacin. None of the investigated strains showed gentamicin and ciprofloxacin resistance. The strains were tested for the presence of sea, seb, sec, sed and see genes by PCR and only CNS strains (43.18%) showed positive results to one or more SE genes. The scientific importance of our results is due to the lack of data about these topics in polluted waters in Brazil. In conclusion, polluted waters from the Dilúvio stream may constitute a reservoir for disseminating antibiotic-resistance and enterotoxin into the community. In addition, the detection of staphylococci in the polluted waters of the Dilúvio stream indicated a situation of environmental contamination and poor sanitation conditions.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Brazil; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Enterotoxins; Fresh Water; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 25590718
DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201420130512 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2017is a common colonizer in pigs, with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in particular being a potential health risk to humans. To reduce the exposure to humans, the...
UNLABELLED
is a common colonizer in pigs, with methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in particular being a potential health risk to humans. To reduce the exposure to humans, the colonization in pigs should be reduced. The aim of this study was to quantitatively compare the susceptibility of pig lineages for colonization, and if the absence of could be associated with the presence or absence of other staphylococcal species. Nasal samples ( = 129) were obtained from seven different pig lineages in the Netherlands, France, and Germany. and other staphylococci were enumerated from these samples by real-time (RT)-PCR and culture. Associations were explored between the presence of and other staphylococci. was detected by RT-PCR on all farms and in samples from pigs of all lineages. Twenty-five percent of the pigs from lineage F (from two farms) were colonized with , while in all other lineages it was more than 50% ( < 0.01). Moreover, in -positive samples from pigs of lineage F smaller amounts of were found than in other lineages. , and were usually not found in combination with in these samples.
IN CONCLUSION
(i) pigs from different genetic lineages have different susceptibilities for colonization with . These pigs might contain a genetic factor influencing nasal colonization. (ii) Colonization of is also associated with the absence of , or . (iii) The farm environment seems to influence the presence of in pigs.
PubMed: 28691012
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00097 -
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology 2011Linezolid, a viable alternative to vancomycin against methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates, has been in use for a decade around the globe. However, resistance...
Linezolid, a viable alternative to vancomycin against methicillin resistant staphylococcal isolates, has been in use for a decade around the globe. However, resistance against staphylococci remains extremely rare and unreported from most of the Asian countries. Herein, we report two cases of linezolid resistant, coagulase negative staphylococcal sepsis for the first time from India. The first case was an 18-year-old burn patient, who, after a major graft surgery, landed in sepsis, and linezolid resistant Staphylococcus cohnii with an minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of >256 μg/ml by both broth microdilution and Etest, was isolated from multiple blood cultures. The second patient was a 60-year-old male with an intracranial bleed and sepsis, from whose blood cultures, linezolid resistant Staphylococcus kloosii was repeatedly isolated. Linezolid MIC was >32 μg/ml by broth microdilution and >16 μg/ml by Etest.
Topics: Acetamides; Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Coagulase; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; India; Linezolid; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Oxazolidinones; Sepsis; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus
PubMed: 21304198
DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.76527