-
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Oral leukoplakia(OLK) is a common oral potentially malignant disorder. The global prevalence of solely OLK was published in 2003, while the prevalence varied among different studies. In recent years, large-scale summary and definition-related analyses obtain insufficient attention. This study aimed to perform a systematic review of prevalence studies of oral leukoplakia and assess predisposing factors of its occurrence.
METHODS
The search terms ("Oral leukoplakia" OR OLK OR leukoplakia) AND (prevalence OR incidence OR epidemiology) were searched in databases (Pubmed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science) for OLK studies published from January 1996 until December 2022. The estimated prevalence calculation and risk of bias analysis used STATA 16.0.
RESULTS
We obtained 69 studies, including 1,263,028 participants, from 28 countries, and 6 continents. The prevalence was 1.39%, varying from 0.12 to 33.33%. The overall pooled estimated prevalence of OLK was 2.23% for population-based studies, 1.36% for clinic-based population studies, and 9.10% for specific populations. The pooled prevalence in different continents ranged from 0.33 to 11.74% with a statistical difference in the population-based calculation. The estimated prevalence of OLK was higher in males than in females. Those who smoked and consumed alcohol had a higher prevalence than those who did not.
CONCLUSION
Combining data from 69 published studies, the prevalence of OLK was determined as 1.39% and the pooling estimated global prevalence was 3.41%. The prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across different continents and different definitions. A higher pooled estimated prevalence was found among males, those aged over 60 years old, smokers, and alcohol consumers. The results from the included studies in this systematic review revealed that the prevalence was relatively consistent and stable across various definitions and continents, which may help in developing global treatment and prevention strategies for oral leukoplakia.
Topics: Female; Male; Humans; Middle Aged; Aged; Prevalence; Leukoplakia, Oral; Databases, Factual; Ethanol; Research Design
PubMed: 37670255
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03342-y -
Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences Aug 2022We investigate the prevalence and risk factor profiles of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) and comparison between two diagnostic measures for IED in a large...
AIMS
We investigate the prevalence and risk factor profiles of Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) and comparison between two diagnostic measures for IED in a large population-based study of three ethnic groups of refugees (Chin, Kachin and Rohingya) from Myanmar resettled in Malaysia.
METHODS
Trained field personnel interviewed in total 2058 refugees, applying a clustered, probabilistic, proportional-to-size sampling framework and using the DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria to diagnose IED. We used descriptive and bivariate analyses to explore associations of IED (using DSM IV or DMS 5) with ethnic group membership, sociodemographic characteristics and exposure to premigration traumatic events (TEs) and postmigration living difficulties (PMLDs). We also examined associations of IED with other common mental disorders (CMDs) (depression, anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder) and with domains of functional impairment. Finally, we compared whether IED measured using DSM IV or DSM 5 generated the same or different prevalence.
RESULTS
For the whole sample ( = 2058), the 12-month prevalence of DSM-IV IED was 5.9% ( = 122) and for DSM-5, 3.4% ( = 71). Across the three ethnic groups, 12-month DSM-5 IED prevalence was 2.1% (Chin), 2.9% (Rohingya) and 8.0% (Kachin), whereas DSM-IV defined IED prevalence was 3.2% (Chin), 7% (Rohingya) and 9.2% (Kachin). Being single, and exposure to greater premigration TEs and PMLDs were each associated with IED. Over 80% of persons with IED recorded one or more comorbid CMDs. Persons with IED also showed greater levels of functional impairment compared with those without IED.
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled IED prevalence was higher than global norms but there was substantial variation in prevalence across the three study groups.
Topics: Comorbidity; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Humans; Malaysia; Myanmar; Prevalence; Refugees
PubMed: 35968549
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000257 -
Arquivos de Neuro-psiquiatria May 2021Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common form of hereditary neuropathy.
BACKGROUND
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A (CMT1A) is the most common form of hereditary neuropathy.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of pain in patients with CMT1A.
METHODS
Nineteen patients with a diagnosis of CMT1A were evaluated between September 2018 and October 2019, and other causes of neuropathy were ruled out. The following tools were used for the pain assessment: neurological assessment, LANSS, DN4, clinical evaluation, VAS, CMTNS2 and SF-36. Statistical analysis was performed using prevalence analysis, t test, chi-square test and Spearman's rho.
RESULTS
The prevalence of pain was 84.2% in the sample of this study, with moderate intensity and nociceptive characteristics according to the LANSS scale (75%) and clinical evaluation (50%), but differing from DN4, which found neuropathic pain in the majority of the patients (56.2%). Mixed pain was also observed in 43.7% of the patients, according to clinical criteria. There was a statistically significant correlation between pain intensity and SF-36, thus demonstrating that the lower the pain was, the lower the impairment was, in all domains.
CONCLUSION
Pain is a prevalent and important symptom in CMT1A, with moderate intensity and nociceptive characteristics according to two tools, but neuropathic pain is also present, and there may even be a mixed pattern of pain. The correlation of the pain with SF-36 suggests that pain relief could provide improvements to the quality of life of these individuals.
Topics: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease; Humans; Neuralgia; Neurologic Examination; Prevalence; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34037101
DOI: 10.1590/0004-282X-ANP-2020-0132 -
Progress in Orthodontics May 2022This study aimed to assess the distribution of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) by tooth type, investigate the prevalence of NCCLs in patients undergoing orthodontic...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the distribution of non-carious cervical lesions (NCCLs) by tooth type, investigate the prevalence of NCCLs in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, and identify the possible associated factors.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 160 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Data on the following variables were collected from pre-and post-orthodontic treatment records: age, sex, Angle's malocclusion, facial pattern, number of activation sessions, compensatory treatment, and retreatment. Frontal, right and left lateral intraoral photographs of each patient were evaluated to identify the presence or absence of NCCLs in each tooth and assess the distribution of NCCLs in the 3840 teeth from the enrolled patients. Furthermore, patients were classified as NCCLs present, irrespective of the number of NCCLs on the teeth or NCCL absent. Bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were used to assess the association between the NCCLs and each independent variable. Prevalence ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
The prevalence of NCCLs before and after orthodontic treatment was 22.71% and 30.91%, respectively. Premolars were the most affected teeth, followed by the first molars, canines, and incisors. After statistical analysis, age was found to be the variable factor that influenced the prevalence ratio, with NCCL being the most prevalent when orthodontic treatment was performed in adulthood.
CONCLUSIONS
Premolars were most commonly affected by NCCLs. Furthermore, age seemed to contribute to the increased prevalence of NCCLs in adults undergoing orthodontic treatment.
Topics: Adult; Bicuspid; Humans; Molar; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Cervix
PubMed: 35570252
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00409-4 -
JAMA Psychiatry Jun 2022All of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into a variety of health conditions, including psychiatric disorders.
IMPORTANCE
All of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into a variety of health conditions, including psychiatric disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the prevalence, comorbidity, and sociodemographic covariates of psychiatric disorders in the All of Us biobank.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We estimated prevalence, overlap, and sociodemographic correlates for psychiatric disorders as reported in electronic health records for All of Us release 5 (N = 331 380).
EXPOSURES
Social and demographic covariates.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Psychiatric disorders derived from International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes across 6 broad domains: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.
RESULTS
The analytic sample (N = 329 038) was 60.7% female (mean [SD] age, 50.9 [16.8] years). The prevalence of disorders ranged from 11.00% (95% CI, 10.68% to 11.32%) for any mood disorder to less than 1% (eg, obsessive-compulsive disorder, 0.18%; 95% CI, -0.16% to 0.52%), with mood disorders being the most common and personality disorders being the least. There was substantial overlap among disorders, with the majority of participants with a disorder (30 113/58 806, approximately 51%) having 2 or more registered diagnoses and tetrachoric correlations ranging from 0.43 to 0.74. Comparisons of prevalence across demographic categories revealed that non-Hispanic White people, individuals with low socioeconomic status, women and individuals assigned female at birth, and sexual minority individuals are at greatest risk for most disorders.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Although rates of disorders among the All of Us cohort are lower than in the general population, considerable variation, comorbidity, and disparities exist across social groups. To improve the practice of equitable precision medicine, researchers can use comprehensive health data from large-scale resources such as All of Us.
Topics: Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Personality Disorders; Population Health; Prevalence
PubMed: 35442391
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0685 -
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Aug 2021Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common social health problem that affects not only the mother and newborn, but extends to other family members as well as various... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common social health problem that affects not only the mother and newborn, but extends to other family members as well as various aspects of their lives. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to identify the prevalence and risk factors of postpartum among the women in Middle East countries.
METHODS
We searched published articles from Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane electronic databases to establish study articles. Articles regarding postpartum depression prevalence and associated factors among women in the Middle East were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. A random-effect model was used for estimation of pooled postpartum depression prevalence with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and forest plot. Presence of heterogeneity was checked by Cochran's (Q) test, and funnel plots and Egger's statistical tests were used to assess publication bias.
RESULTS
A total of 15 studies were included in this systematic review. The studies were conducted in different countries of the Middle East between 2006 and 2020, nine of the included studies were cross-sectional studies and six were cohort studies. The overall pooled estimate of the prevalence of postpartum depression in the Middle East mothers was very high 27% (95% CI 0.19-0.35). The common risk factors reported based on our review were poor economic, pregnancy associated complications, low education, unplanned pregnancy, housewife, inadequate social support from family members and the feeding by formula. Poor economic and complication during pregnancy presented a significant relationship regarding postpartum depression in meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of postpartum depression in the Middle East was higher than other regions of the world. In response to this, we recommend an increase of routine screening for depression during postpartum in this area. Furthermore, it might be necessary to integrate mental health with maternal health care in clinical practice during the postpartum.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Middle East; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34362325
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-021-04016-9 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2022No large-scale epidemiological survey on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in China has been conducted. China has a large population and a complex... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
No large-scale epidemiological survey on the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in China has been conducted. China has a large population and a complex geographical environment. It is important to understand the prevalence and spatial distribution of GERD in China.
AIM
To explore the prevalence and the spatial, temporal, and population distributions of GERD in the natural Chinese population.
METHODS
We searched Chinese and English databases for literature on the prevalence of GERD in the natural Chinese population. The prevalence of GERD was pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis model. Subgroup analysis was performed according to time, region, and population. We used ArcGIS software to draw statistical maps and trend analysis charts. Spatial autocorrelation analysis was carried out using Geoda software. Spearman correlation analysis was used to assess the spatial distribution relationship between GERD and upper digestive tract tumours.
RESULTS
Altogether, 70 studies involving 276014 individuals from 24 provinces of China were included. The overall pooled prevalence of GERD was 8.7% (95%CI: 7.5%-9.9%) in mainland China. Over the past two decades, the prevalence of GERD in China has increased from 6.0% to 10.6%. GERD was more common in people aged 40-60, with body mass index ≥ 24, and of Uygur ethnicity. The prevalence was higher in the west and east than in the centre, and there may be a local spatial autocorrelation between the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the southeast. GERD was correlated with gastric ( = 0.421, = 0.041) and oesophageal tumours ( = 0.511, = 0.011) in spatial distribution.
CONCLUSION
GERD is becoming common in China. The prevalence differs by region and population. The development of appropriate strategies for the prevention and treatment of GERD is needed.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Gastroesophageal Reflux; China; Prevalence; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36533111
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i45.6410 -
BMC Public Health Nov 2022The proportion of women with family planning needs increased from 74 to 76% between 2000 and 2019, and this improvement has not transcended to a fertility rate stall or...
Prevalence and factors associated with the use of long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods among women who desire no more children in high fertility countries in sub-saharan Africa.
BACKGROUND
The proportion of women with family planning needs increased from 74 to 76% between 2000 and 2019, and this improvement has not transcended to a fertility rate stall or decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In the face of a continuous increase in the fertility rate in SSA, population experts agreed that the efficient use of reliable family planning methods such as long-acting reversible and permanent contraceptive methods (LARC/PMs) could help reduce the high fertility rate and associated adverse reproductive health outcomes in the region. However, despite the effectiveness of LARC/PMs, its use remains elusive in SSA. Thus, this study examines the prevalence and factors associated with the use of LARC/PMs among women who desire no more children in high-fertility countries in SSA.
METHODS
Secondary datasets from the demographic health surveys conducted in 20 countries in SSA between 2010 and 2019 were included in the study. A total sample size of 46,290 sexually active women of reproductive age who desire no more children and who met the study inclusion criteria was pooled and analysed. Prevalence of LARC/PMs use was displayed using a graph whilst binary logistic regression was used to determine the associated factors, and results were presented as unadjusted odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio with a statistical significance of p < 0.05.
RESULTS
The prevalence of LARC/PMs use among women who desire no more children was 7.5%. Ranging from 20.9% in Senegal and as low as 0.4% in Congo. Women within the richest wealth index [aOR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.03-1.36] and those exposed to mass media [aOR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.41-1.68] had higher odds of LARC/PMs use among sexually active women of reproductive age who desire no more children compared to those within poorest wealth index and women with no mass media exposure.
CONCLUSION
The study concluded that LARC/PMs use among sexually active women who desire no more children was very low, and women within the richest wealth index and those with mass media exposure were likely to use LARC/PMs. Interventions that will encourage using LARC/PMs should be prioritised to reduce fertility rates in SSA.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Prevalence; Contraception; Fertility; Family Planning Services; Birth Rate
PubMed: 36414944
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14575-x -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2020The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in India. The secondary objective was to evaluate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) in India. The secondary objective was to evaluate the prevalence rate according to the differences in gender, age, regions, type of TDI and risk factors associated with TDI.
METHODS
The PubMed, LILACS, Web of Science, Cochrane, CINHAL, and Scopus databases, along with the Public Health Electronic Library, TRoPHI and DoPHER were searched from 1 March to 15April 2019 without any restriction of language and year of publication. The qualitative synthesis was done regarding the demographics, study methods, cause of trauma, geographic location, increased overjet and inadequate lip coverage. The meta-analysis was undertaken with STATA-14 software (USA). The pooled prevalence of TDI was calculated using data extracted from 48 studies included in qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. A sub-group meta-analysis was done by extraction of the data for age groups of 6 years and >6 years.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of TDI in Indian population was 13 cases in 100 individuals. The prevalence of TDI for age groups of ≤6 was 15% (males, 15%; females, 16%) and for >6 years was 12% (males, 13%; females, 8%). The most common cause of TDI was falls, and most frequent location was home. The odds ratio for occurrence of TDI and inadequate lip-coverage was 3.35 and overjet greater than 3 mm was 3.53.
CONCLUSIONS
The pooled prevalence of TDI was 13% and slightly higher in children less than 6 years of age. Inadequate lip coverage and increased overjet are the risk factors associated with TDI. Heterogeneity was observed among the studies in terms of design, variables recorded, sampling, study methods and statistical methods. Majority of them also suffered from moderate to high risk of bias.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Child; Female; Humans; India; Male; Overbite; Prevalence; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 33107464
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_953_19 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Apr 2023Smoking rates across U.S. states have declined at different rates over time because some states have progressive tobacco control policies, whereas others have yet to...
INTRODUCTION
Smoking rates across U.S. states have declined at different rates over time because some states have progressive tobacco control policies, whereas others have yet to adopt them. Therefore, each state has its own unique historical experience of smoking initiation, cessation, and prevalence. This study characterizes smoking histories for each U.S. state by birth cohort.
METHODS
Using 1965-2018 National Health Interview Survey and 1992-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement to the Current Population Survey data, statistical methods applied an age‒period‒cohort modeling framework to reconstruct population-level smoking histories for each state. Smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity by age, gender, and cohort were estimated for each state. These were used to construct state-specific trends in the prevalence of current, former, and never smoking as well as the mean smoking duration and pack years. Analysis was conducted from 2017 to 2022.
RESULTS
California and Kentucky, respectively, are exemplar states of more and less aggressive tobacco control. Initiation probabilities were consistently lower in California than in Kentucky, and cessation probabilities were higher. Hence, the smoking prevalence derived from these parameters is higher in Kentucky. The intensity of cigarette smoking was higher in Kentucky than in California, yielding considerably higher estimated pack years when used with the other parameters. Summaries of smoking trends are given for all states.
CONCLUSIONS
Smoking initiation, cessation, and intensity trends vary substantially across states, resulting in major differences in estimated smoking prevalence, duration, and pack years. Some states show improvements in smoking metrics over time with more recent birth cohorts, but others have shown very little.
Topics: Humans; United States; Smoking Cessation; Kentucky; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use; Cigarette Smoking; Prevalence
PubMed: 36653233
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2022.08.018