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Annals of Palliative Medicine Jan 2021To understand the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Shenzhen and to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence and development of DR. Based on the...
BACKGROUND
To understand the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Shenzhen and to analyze the risk factors for the occurrence and development of DR. Based on the comprehensive information system for diabetes prevention and control in the communities of Shenzhen in 2019, six community health service centers in Shenzhen were used as research sites to carry out multicenter, cross-sectional screening studies.
METHODS
Cluster random sampling was used to collect data from 904 patients with diabetes in Shenzhen. The occurrence of DR and vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR) was analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was performed to analyze the risk factors for DR and VTDR. EpiData version 3.1 (EpiData Association, Odense, Denmark) statistical software was used to build a database, and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA) was used to sort up and analyze the data.
RESULTS
The prevalence of DR among diabetic patients in Shenzhen was 18.58% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.13-21.3%], and the prevalence of VTDR was 2.43% (95% CI: 1.57-1.2%). The prevalence of DR and VTDR was higher in males than in females. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, disease duration, medication mode, and the occurrence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) were associated with the incidence of DR in diabetic patients, and that disease duration, the occurrence of DPN, and diabetic nephropathy were associated with the occurrence of VTDR.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of DR in the communities of Shenzhen is high. Age, disease duration, medications, and DPN are the major risk factors for the occurrence of DR.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Retinopathy; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33545790
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-2526 -
Journal of Primary Care & Community... 2021We have set as objective to analyze epidemiological data of diagnosed thyroid carcinoma (TC) cases, incidence and prevalence rate by gender, age, histopathological type,...
OBJECTIVE
We have set as objective to analyze epidemiological data of diagnosed thyroid carcinoma (TC) cases, incidence and prevalence rate by gender, age, histopathological type, and statistical regions in R. of N. Macedonia during the period 1999 to 2015.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective analysis of medical data collected from the 2 state thyroid departments. Inclusion criteria included newly diagnosed cases of TC in appropriate years for the period 1999 to 2015. We have evaluated: yearly incidence rate, incidence and prevalence by gender, age, the distribution in 8 statistical state regions and histopathological types and subtypes representation.
RESULTS
A total number of 422 TC patients were detected, average incidence rate of 1.22/10, with most prevalent papillary TCs79.5%, followed by follicular 10.9%, medullar 4.1%, anaplastic 3.1%, and other rare types with 2.3%. The highest incidence rate was detected in Skopje region, while the lowest in Southeast and the Polog region. The total prevalence rate for the female gender was 32.61/10 and for male 9.27/10 (f/m ratio = 3.52:1), with lowest female/male difference found in the elderly > 65 years (f/m = 2.21/1).
CONCLUSION
Compared with regional epidemiological data we can conclude that Republic of N. Macedonia has very low incidence and prevalence rate, while female/male ratio was similar to that described in the literature. Our low incidence and prevalence rate may be due to 2 possible reasons, 1 would be insufficient diagnosis of only small portion of the real cases in the population, or the second reason may be a real low incidence resulting of specific etiopathogenetic circumstances.
Topics: Aged; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Republic of North Macedonia; Retrospective Studies; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 33754885
DOI: 10.1177/21501327211004286 -
JAMA Psychiatry Jun 2022All of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into a variety of health conditions, including psychiatric disorders.
IMPORTANCE
All of Us is a landmark initiative for population-scale research into a variety of health conditions, including psychiatric disorders.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the prevalence, comorbidity, and sociodemographic covariates of psychiatric disorders in the All of Us biobank.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
We estimated prevalence, overlap, and sociodemographic correlates for psychiatric disorders as reported in electronic health records for All of Us release 5 (N = 331 380).
EXPOSURES
Social and demographic covariates.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Psychiatric disorders derived from International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification, codes across 6 broad domains: mood disorders, anxiety disorders, substance use disorders, stress-related disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders.
RESULTS
The analytic sample (N = 329 038) was 60.7% female (mean [SD] age, 50.9 [16.8] years). The prevalence of disorders ranged from 11.00% (95% CI, 10.68% to 11.32%) for any mood disorder to less than 1% (eg, obsessive-compulsive disorder, 0.18%; 95% CI, -0.16% to 0.52%), with mood disorders being the most common and personality disorders being the least. There was substantial overlap among disorders, with the majority of participants with a disorder (30 113/58 806, approximately 51%) having 2 or more registered diagnoses and tetrachoric correlations ranging from 0.43 to 0.74. Comparisons of prevalence across demographic categories revealed that non-Hispanic White people, individuals with low socioeconomic status, women and individuals assigned female at birth, and sexual minority individuals are at greatest risk for most disorders.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Although rates of disorders among the All of Us cohort are lower than in the general population, considerable variation, comorbidity, and disparities exist across social groups. To improve the practice of equitable precision medicine, researchers can use comprehensive health data from large-scale resources such as All of Us.
Topics: Comorbidity; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Personality Disorders; Population Health; Prevalence
PubMed: 35442391
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.0685 -
Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive... 2013The actual prevalence of dementia in Japan as well as the changes in the prevalence are not well known. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to collect evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND/AIMS
The actual prevalence of dementia in Japan as well as the changes in the prevalence are not well known. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review to collect evidence regarding the prevalence of dementia in Japan.
METHODS
For this systematic review, we searched 2 electronic databases to identify cross-sectional or repeated cross-sectional studies with data regarding the study population, study location, diagnostic criteria, and prevalence of dementia.
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were selected from 782 references. Sixteen studies surveyed individuals living at home; of these, 5 studies also included hospitalized or institutionalized patients. Most of the studies were conducted using a two-phase survey (phase I: screening, phase II: diagnosis of dementia). The clinical diagnosis of dementia was made based on the guidelines of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in a majority of the studies. The prevalence of all types of dementia ranged from 2.9 to 12.5% and has been gradually increasing over the past few years.
CONCLUSION
The results of this systematic review suggest that the prevalence of dementia has recently increased. However, further well-designed studies taking into account factors that affect the prevalence of dementia are needed to clarify the actual prevalence.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dementia; Female; Geography; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Prevalence; Rural Population; Urban Population
PubMed: 23860389
DOI: 10.1159/000353444 -
Current Opinion in Psychiatry Nov 2023We reviewed the recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among middle-aged and older women and men. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We reviewed the recent literature on the epidemiology and treatment of eating disorders among middle-aged and older women and men.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent studies show that among older female persons, the prevalence rates with full diagnoses of eating disorders based on DSM-IV or DSM-5 criteria are between 2.1 and 7.7%, and among older men less than 1%. These studies show that the prevalence of eating disorders decreases by age in women, but it does not get towards zero even in very high age. Middle age, with a peak around 50, is also a critical time for the occurrence of eating disorders in men. Women who reported severe menopausal symptoms showed more eating disorder pathology compared with those with low symptoms during menopausal transition.
SUMMARY
Eating disorders do occur in middle and older age of both sexes. Shame and stigmatization have decreased, and medical awareness and explicit assessment of eating behavior in all age groups have developed. What puberty is for eating disorders in adolescence and young age is menopausal transition for midlife women. Also in men, associations with hormonal disturbances are possible. Treatment approaches should consider treatment strategies tailored to older women and men, addressing the context of midlife and aging.
Topics: Middle Aged; Male; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Aged; Aging; Menopause; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Prevalence; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
PubMed: 37471308
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000893 -
QJM : Monthly Journal of the... Oct 2021The prevalence and prognostic implications of pre-existing dyslipidaemia in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The prevalence and prognostic implications of pre-existing dyslipidaemia in patients infected by the SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear.
AIM
To assess the prevalence and mortality risk in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing dyslipidaemia.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines were followed in abstracting data and assessing validity. We searched MEDLINE and Scopus to locate all the articles published up to 31 January 2021, reporting data on dyslipidaemia among COVID-19 survivors and non-survivors. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidaemia was calculated using a random-effects model and presenting the related 95% confidence interval (CI), while the mortality risk was estimated using the Mantel-Haenszel random-effect models with odds ratio (OR) and related 95% CI. Statistical heterogeneity was measured using the Higgins I2 statistic.
RESULTS
Of about 18 studies, enrolling 74 132 COVID-19 patients (mean age 70.6 years), met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 17.5% of cases (95% CI: 12.3-24.3%, P < 0.0001), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7%). Pre-existing dyslipidaemia was significantly associated with higher risk of short-term death (OR: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.19-2.41, P = 0.003), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 88.7%). Due to publication bias, according to the Trim-and-Fill method, the corrected random-effect ORs resulted 1.61, 95% CI 1.13-2.28, P < 0.0001 (one studies trimmed).
CONCLUSION
Dyslipidaemia represents a major comorbidity in about 18% of COVID-19 patients but it is associated with a 60% increase of short-term mortality risk.
Topics: Aged; COVID-19; Comorbidity; Dyslipidemias; Humans; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33822215
DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcab071 -
Nursing Open Jan 2024To systematically assess the worldwide prevalence of nurse turnover and discuss its influencing factors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
To systematically assess the worldwide prevalence of nurse turnover and discuss its influencing factors.
DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Database were searched from their commencement date to 25 March 2021. Two authors independently reviewed the studies. Stata 15.0 software package was used for statistical analysis, with estimates of data on the prevalence of nurse turnover using a random-effects model. This review was performed according to the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) manual for evidence synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) Statement. PROSPERO Registration Number:CRD42020208873.
RESULTS
A total of 15 studies covering 852,317 nurses were included in the analyses. The pooled prevalence of nurse turnover was 18% (95% CI: 11% to 26%, I = 99.86%, p < 0.0001). Geographic regions (Asia), published years (2001 to 2010) and respondents (new nurses) were significantly associated with the prevalence of nurse turnover. Additionally, several risk factors for turnover were identified in the literature, involving demographic factors (young, single, have short working hours, lower level of education and male nurses), organizational factors (small-scale hospitals, low salary levels, larger workload, developed region and absence of labour union), satisfaction (dissatisfaction with organization, profession, job and competence).
Topics: Humans; Male; Asia; China; Prevalence; Nursing Staff
PubMed: 38268271
DOI: 10.1002/nop2.2097 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2021Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are among the most common parasitic infections globally, disproportionately affecting children. Treatment of STH in Kenya is often...
Prevalence and Correlation Analysis of Soil-Transmitted Helminths Infections and Treatment Coverage for Preschool and School Aged Children in Kenya: Secondary Analysis of the National School Based Deworming Program Data.
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are among the most common parasitic infections globally, disproportionately affecting children. Treatment of STH in Kenya is often targeted at preschool (PSAC) and school aged (SAC) children delivered through annual mass drug administration (MDA) in primary schools. Understanding group-specific prevalence and dynamics between treatment and coverage is critical for continued treatment success. This study aims to provide detailed information on group-specific infection prevalence and relative reductions (RR), and their relationships with treatment coverage over time. Additionally, it aims to quantify the correlation between the observed school level infection prevalence and treatment coverage. Secondary analysis of existing data collected between 2012 and 2018 by the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) program of the National School-Based Deworming (NSBD) program was used. The M&E program conducted surveys utilizing cross-sectional study design, at four survey time points, in a nationally-representative sample of schoolchildren across counties in Kenya. In each participating school, the program randomly sampled 108 children per school, of both groups. Infection prevalence was estimated using binomial regression, RR in prevalence using multivariable mixed effects model, statistical correlations using structural equation modeling, and change-point-analysis using the binary segmentation algorithm. Overall, STH prevalence for PSAC was 33.7, 20.2, 19.0, and 17.9% during Year 1 (Y1), Year 3 (Y3), Year 5 (Y5), and Year 6 (Y6) surveys, respectively with an overall RR of 46.9% ( = 0.001) from Y1 to Y6. Similarly, overall STH prevalence for SAC was 33.6, 18.4, 14.7, and 12.5% during Y1, Y3, Y5, and Y6 surveys, respectively with an overall RR of 62.6% ( < 0.001). An overall (all time points) significant but very weak negative correlation was found between treatment coverage and undifferentiated STH prevalence ( = -0.144, = 0.002) among PSAC but not in SAC. Further, we observed inter-county heterogeneity variation in infection prevalence, RR, as well as correlations. The analysis showed that after six rounds of MDA, prevalence of STH has significantly declined among both groups of children, however not to a point where it is not a public health problem (below 1%). The analysis, additionally established an overall significant but weak negative correlation between treatment coverage and prevalence, indicating that the current treatment coverage might not be sufficient to drive the overall STH prevalence to below 1%. These findings will allow STH control programs in Kenya to make decisions that will accelerate the attainment of STH elimination as a public health problem.
Topics: Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Helminths; Humans; Kenya; Prevalence; Schools; Soil
PubMed: 34336756
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645522 -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021This work evaluates the prevalence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among...
This work evaluates the prevalence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a viral infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), among members of the Czech Dental Chamber. The assessment was based on an online questionnaire filled out by 2716 participants, representing 24.3% of all chamber members. Overall, 25.4% of the participants admitted they were diagnosed with COVID-19 by 30 June 2021, with no statistical differences between the sexes. While in the age groups under 50 the reported prevalence was around 30%, with increasing age, it gradually decreased to 15.2% in the group over 70 years. The work environment was identified as a place of contagion by 38.4% of the respondents. The total COVID-19 PCR-verified positivity was 13.9%, revealing a statistically lower prevalence ( = 0.0180) compared with the Czech general population, in which the COVID-19 PCR-verified positivity was ~15.6% (fourth highest rank in the world). The total infection-hospitalization ratio (IHR) was 2.8%, and the median age group of hospitalized individuals was 60-70 years. For respondents older than 60 years, the IHR was 8.7%, and for those under 40 years, it was 0%. Of the respondents, 37.7% admitted that another team member was diagnosed with COVID-19, of which the most frequently mentioned profession was a nurse/dental assistant (81.2%). The results indicate that although the dentist profession is associated with a high occupational risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, well-chosen antiepidemic measures adopted by dental professionals may outweigh it.
Topics: Aged; COVID-19; Czech Republic; Dentists; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34886214
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312488 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2021The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on prevalence of microorganisms and their viability/activity in endodontic periapical lesions.
DESIGN
Literature research was performed on five electronic biomedical databases from their start dates to June 2020. Only studies evaluating the presence of microorganisms in periapical lesions in human permanent teeth with secondary/persistent infection were included. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion, extracted data and evaluated the risk of bias. Meta-analysis and binominal tests were used to analyse the resulting data.
RESULTS
From the 1,313 records found, 23 full-texts were included for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % (95 % CI, 75-94) and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 % (95 % CI, 66-91). There were statistical differences in the geographic area subgroup and between viable bacteria and active viruses. The most common detection method of microorganisms was the molecular one (69 %), and the most prevalent bacteria were the species Actinomyces, Fusobacterium and Prevotella (40 %). Most of the included studies had moderate risk of bias.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of microorganisms in endodontic periapical lesions was 87 % and the prevalence of viable/active microorganisms was 82 %.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Humans; Prevalence; Root Canal Therapy
PubMed: 33588190
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105055