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Annals of Surgery Dec 1970
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Arteriosclerosis; Calcium; Child; Child, Preschool; Chloramphenicol; Debridement; Diabetes Complications; Fascia; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Infant; Kanamycin; Male; Middle Aged; Necrosis; Penicillins; Postoperative Complications; Staphylococcal Infections; Streptococcal Infections; Wound Infection
PubMed: 5496481
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-197012000-00005 -
Molecules and Cells Jun 2018Several bacterial etiological agents of streptococcal disease have been associated with fish mortality and serious global economic loss. Bacterial identification based... (Review)
Review
Several bacterial etiological agents of streptococcal disease have been associated with fish mortality and serious global economic loss. Bacterial identification based on biochemical, molecular, and phenotypic methods has been routinely used, along with assessment of morphological analyses. Among these, the molecular method of 16S rRNA sequencing is reliable, but presently, advanced genomics are preferred over other traditional identification methodologies. This review highlights the geographical variation in strains, their relatedness, as well as the complexity of diagnosis, pathogenesis, and various control methods of streptococcal infections. Several limitations, from diagnosis to control, have been reported, which make prevention and containment of streptococcal disease difficult. In this review, we discuss the challenges in diagnosis, pathogenesis, and control methods and suggest appropriate molecular (comparative genomics), cellular, and environmental solutions from among the best available possibilities.
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Humans; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 29754470
DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.2154 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Dec 1994
Topics: Burn Units; Burns; History, 20th Century; Humans; Streptococcal Infections; United Kingdom
PubMed: 7853294
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Jan 2016
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Meningitis; Middle Aged; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus equi; Young Adult
PubMed: 26369601
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2015.09.003 -
Annals of Surgery Aug 1990The enterococcus has been relegated to a position of unimportance in the pathogenesis of surgical infections. However the increasing prevalence and virulence of these... (Review)
Review
The enterococcus has been relegated to a position of unimportance in the pathogenesis of surgical infections. However the increasing prevalence and virulence of these bacteria prompt reconsideration of this view, particularly because the surgical patient has become increasingly vulnerable to infectious morbidity due to debility, immunosuppression, and therapy with increasingly potent antibiotics. The enterococcus is a versatile opportunistic nosocomial pathogen, causing such diverse infections as wound, intra-abdominal, and urinary tract infections; catheter-associated infection; suppurative thrombophlebitis; endocarditis; and pneumonia. Although surgical drainage remains the cornerstone of therapy for enterococcal infections involving a discrete focus, in the circumstances typified by the compromised surgical patient, specific antibacterial therapy directed against the enterococcus is warranted. Recent evidence indicates that parenteral antibiotic therapy for enterococcal bacteremia is mandatory and that appropriate therapy clearly reduces the number of deaths.
Topics: Cross Infection; Humans; Intestines; Postoperative Complications; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 2198000
DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199008000-00007 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Jan 2019We describe cases of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) in mothers or neonates and assess management according to national guidelines, which recommend administering...
OBJECTIVE
We describe cases of invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) in mothers or neonates and assess management according to national guidelines, which recommend administering antibiotics to both mother and neonate if either develops iGAS infection within 28 days of birth and investigation of clusters in maternity units.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional retrospective study.
SETTING AND POPULATION
Notified confirmed iGAS cases in either mothers or neonates with onset within 28 days of birth in London and the South East of England between 2010 and 2016 METHOD: Review of public health records of notified cases.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Incidence and onset time of iGAS in postpartum mothers and babies, proportion given prophylaxis, maternity unit clusters within 6 months.
RESULTS
We identified 134 maternal and 21 neonatal confirmed iGAS infections. The incidence (in 100 000 person years) of iGAS in women within 28 days postpartum was 109 (95% CI 90-127) compared with 1.3 in other females aged 15-44. For neonates the incidence was 1.5 (95% CI 9-23). The median onset time was 2 days postpartum [interquartile range (IQR) 0-5 days] for mothers and 12 days (IQR 7-15 days) for neonates. All eligible mothers and most (109, 89%) eligible neonates received chemoprophylaxis. Of 20 clusters (59 cases of GAS and iGAS) in maternity units, two clusters involved possible transmission. However, in 6 of 15 clusters, GAS isolates were not saved for comparison even after relevant guidance was issued.
CONCLUSIONS
iGAS infection remains a potential postpartum risk. Prophylaxis among neonates and storage of isolates from maternity cases can be improved.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Are public health guidelines being followed in the management of mothers and their newborns to reduce the risk of iGAS infection?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Audit; Cross-Sectional Studies; Early Diagnosis; England; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; London; Postpartum Period; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Streptococcal Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 30070056
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15415 -
The Lancet. Microbe Feb 2024The high strain diversity of Streptococcus pyogenes serves as a major obstacle to vaccine development against this leading global pathogen. We did a systematic review of... (Review)
Review
The high strain diversity of Streptococcus pyogenes serves as a major obstacle to vaccine development against this leading global pathogen. We did a systematic review of studies in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase that reported the global distribution of S pyogenes emm-types and emm-clusters from Jan 1, 1990, to Feb 23, 2023. 212 datasets were included from 55 countries, encompassing 74 468 bacterial isolates belonging to 211 emm-types. Globally, an inverse correlation was observed between strain diversity and the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI; r=-0·72; p<0·0001), which remained consistent upon subanalysis by global region and site of infection. Greater strain diversity was associated with a lower HDI, suggesting the role of social determinants in diseases caused by S pyogenes. We used a population-weighted analysis to adjust for the disproportionate number of epidemiological studies from high-income countries and identified 15 key representative isolates as vaccine targets. Strong strain type associations were observed between the site of infection (invasive, skin, and throat) and several streptococcal lineages. In conclusion, the development of a truly global vaccine to reduce the immense burden of diseases caused by S pyogenes should consider the multidimensional diversity of the pathogen, including its social and environmental context, and not merely its geographical distribution.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptococcal Infections; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Vaccines
PubMed: 38070538
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00318-X -
Central European Journal of Public... Dec 2022Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GAS), which are responsible for most cases of acute bacterial tonsillopharyngitis, are transmitted from person to person and may...
OBJECTIVE
Group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GAS), which are responsible for most cases of acute bacterial tonsillopharyngitis, are transmitted from person to person and may rarely cause foodborne outbreaks. This study aims to report the epidemic caused by GAS in our hospital and to draw attention to the explosive outbreaks of the bacteria.
METHODS
Acute tonsillopharyngitis was seen in 201 of 450 hospital employees who ate in the hospital cafeteria on 4-5 June 2015.
RESULTS
GAS was detected in 106 (68%) of 157 cases and in 40 (63.5%) of 62 throat culture samples. The attack rate was 44.7%. The most suspected source of the outbreak was a food handler who had been showing signs of streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis for six days, and perhaps the food prepared by these staff.
CONCLUSION
It should not be forgotten that GAS can cause explosive outbreaks by infecting food through hand lesions or mouth secretions of food service personnel.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus pyogenes; Streptococcal Infections; Pharyngitis; Disease Outbreaks; Hospitals
PubMed: 36718924
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a6027 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Mar 2021Zoonoses are important to consider when humans become ill after being in contact with animals. In such cases thorough patient history is crucial, especially when...
BACKGROUND
Zoonoses are important to consider when humans become ill after being in contact with animals. In such cases thorough patient history is crucial, especially when infections have an unclear cause. We present a patient with infection-associated glomerulonephritis, where a horse was the probable source of infection.
CASE PRESENTATION
A young woman was admitted to the district general hospital in Vestfold, Norway, with infection and acute kidney failure. Renal biopsy suggested glomerulonephritis, and nasopharyngeal culture taken at admission detected Streptococcus equi. It emerged that the patient had daily contact with horses.
INTERPRETATION
As Streptococcus equi is not part of normal human flora and the clinical signs were compatible with infection-associated glomerulonephritis, it was considered a probable causal link between the microbial finding and diagnosis. The source of infection was one of the horses.
Topics: Animals; Glomerulonephritis; Horses; Humans; Norway; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus equi; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33685097
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.20.0780 -
BMJ Case Reports Sep 2021
Topics: Humans; Pharyngitis; Pharynx; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 34593551
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-244871