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Indian Journal of Public Health 2019
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Communicable Disease Control; Global Health; Health Priorities; Humans; India; Primary Prevention; Rheumatic Heart Disease; Socioeconomic Factors; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 30880729
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.IJPH_216_18 -
Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... Aug 2022group (SAG) may be unrecognized or misidentified in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory resulting in under-reporting. Consequently, their role as genuine pathogens...
BACKGROUND
group (SAG) may be unrecognized or misidentified in the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory resulting in under-reporting. Consequently, their role as genuine pathogens remains underestimated.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to suggest a reasonable identification approach that is suitable for laboratories of limited resources, to detect any possible emerging antimicrobial resistance, and to assess the genuine clinical spectrum of infections that are caused solely by SAG.
METHODS
Our research included 190 bacterial isolates from 190 patients. The isolates were examined by colonies' morphology, odor, hemolytic pattern on 5% sheep Blood agar and Gram staining. Lancefield serogrouping was determined by agglutination test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed by disc diffusion method. The isolates were subjected to automated identification and AST by Vitek 2 compact instrument. The collected patients' data included age, gender, clinical condition and/or site of infection, and probable predisposing factor.
RESULTS
All isolates produced minute-sized colonies that consistently generated distinct odor. The isolates showed variable hemolytic patterns, and the majority (74.7%) were non-hemolytic. The isolates showed different Lancefield serogroups, and the commonest was group F (54.2%). A total of 188 (98.9%) isolates were identified by Vitek 2 compact instrument at ≥95% confidence. The isolates showed high rates of antimicrobial susceptibility, however the highest rate of antimicrobial resistance was detected to gentamicin (60.5%). A total of 98 (51.6%) strains were isolated from superficial non-invasive skin and soft tissue infections, 67 (35.3%) strains from deep invasive and sterile body fluids' infections, and 25 (13.1%) strains from upper respiratory tracts' infections.
CONCLUSION
a combination of phenotypic characteristics could still represent a reasonable Laboratory identification battery. There was no significant emerging antimicrobial resistance detected. A broad genuine spectrum of clinical infections that are caused solely by SAG was reported in our institution.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus anginosus; Streptococcal Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Hospitals; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 36313947
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2022.76.252-258 -
Inflammation in Tic Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Are PANS and PANDAS a Path Forward?Journal of Child Neurology Sep 2019This review and commentary is the product of an invited lecture called "Autoimmunity: PANS/PANDAS" presented at the 2018 Neurobiology of Diseases in Children Symposium... (Review)
Review
This review and commentary is the product of an invited lecture called "Autoimmunity: PANS/PANDAS" presented at the 2018 Neurobiology of Diseases in Children Symposium in Chicago, IL. The talk addressed clinical and scientific questions and recently published data. At this time, among highly experienced and respected clinicians and researchers spanning relevant disciplines, there is substantial controversy regarding a role for inflammation in producing tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This commentary summarizes these controversies, discusses reasons for opposing views on best clinical practices, and concludes with suggestions for pathways forward.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Inflammation; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Streptococcal Infections; Syndrome; Tic Disorders
PubMed: 31111754
DOI: 10.1177/0883073819848635 -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2020Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections syndrome (PANDAS) identifies patients with acute onset of obsessive-compulsive...
BACKGROUND
Paediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections syndrome (PANDAS) identifies patients with acute onset of obsessive-compulsive and tic disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate serum NOX2 levels, as well as 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of PANDAS patients.
METHODS
In this study we wanted to compare serum levels of soluble NOX2-dp (sNOX-2-dp), iso-PGF2α and LPS in 60 consecutive subjects, including 30 children affected by PANDAS and 30 controls (CT) matched for age and gender. Serum zonulin was used as intestinal permeability assay.
RESULTS
Compared with CT, PANDAS children had increased serum levels of sNOX-2-dp, 8-iso-PGF2α and LPS. Bivariate analysis showed that serum sNOX2-dp was significantly correlated with LPS (Rs = 0.359; p = 0.005), zonulin (Rs = 0.444; p < 0.001) and 8-iso-PGF2α (Rs = 0.704; p < 0.001). Serum LPS significantly correlated with zonulin (Rs = 0.610; p < 0.001), and 8-iso-PGF2α (Rs = 0.591; p = 0.001). Finally, a multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum 8-iso-PGF2α and zonulin were the only independent variables associated with sNOX2-dp (R = 68%).
CONCLUSION
This study shows that children affected by PANDAS have high circulating levels of sNOX2-dp, isoprostanes and of LPS that could be involved in the process of neuroinflammation.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Child; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; NADPH Oxidase 2; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Oxidative Stress; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 32188439
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02026-8 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2013Acute cholecystitis is a common inflammatory condition of the gallbladder caused most commonly by Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella organisms. Streptococcus...
Acute cholecystitis is a common inflammatory condition of the gallbladder caused most commonly by Escherichia coli, Enterococcus, and Klebsiella organisms. Streptococcus bovis is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, anaerobic coccus found as a commensal inhabitant of the digestive system in 16% of healthy people. We report a rare case of acute cholecystitis caused by S bovis and discuss its implications with regard to the two known S bovis biotypes (I & II) both of which are associated with a number of other gastrointestinal diseases.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cholecystitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Imaging; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus bovis
PubMed: 23605823
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2013-008581 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Jun 2020Data are limited on the incidence and management of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and nonstreptococcal TSS in children. We aimed to define the clinical...
Data are limited on the incidence and management of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) and nonstreptococcal TSS in children. We aimed to define the clinical patterns of TSS at Nationwide Children's Hospital in Ohio as they relate to published criteria, diagnostic decisions, and treatment options. Through retrospective chart reviews, we identified 58 patients with TSS (27 streptococcal, 31 nonstreptococcal) during January 2010-September 2017. We observed clinical and laboratory findings that are not part of TSS criteria, such as pyuria in streptococcal TSS (50% of patients) and pulmonary involvement (85%) and coagulopathy (92%) in nonstreptococcal TSS patients. Recommended treatment with clindamycin and intravenous immunoglobulin was delayed in streptococcal TSS patients without rash (3.37 days vs. 0.87 days in patients with rash), leading to prolonged hospitalization and complications. Incorporation of additional TSS signs and symptoms would be helpful in TSS diagnosis and management.
Topics: Child; Humans; Ohio; Retrospective Studies; Shock, Septic; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 32442091
DOI: 10.3201/eid2606.190783 -
BMC Veterinary Research Oct 2023Beta-hemolytic streptococci involving the upper respiratory tract cause strangles and strangles-like diseases in horses and cause severe economic damage to the...
BACKGROUND
Beta-hemolytic streptococci involving the upper respiratory tract cause strangles and strangles-like diseases in horses and cause severe economic damage to the equestrian club each year. Therefore, careful epidemiological study of these bacteria, evaluation of phylogenetic connections and SeM-typing can be useful to determine the source and epidemiological characteristics of the disease outbreak. Isolates were analyzed using molecular and phylogenetic methods and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern in Iranian isolates. Molecular and phylogenetic methods were used to evaluate Iranian streptococcal isolates, and the similarity of the Iranian SeM-97 sequence with other alleles was assessed using the Neighbor-joining method with the Kimura 2 Parameter statistical model. The amino acid sequence of this gene was compared with the predicted SeM-3 reference amino acid sequence (FM204883) using MEGA 7 software.
RESULTS
One type of SeM was found among streptococcal isolates. This type (SeM-97) was reported for the first time and was a new SeM. The relationship between streptococcal isolates and age, sex, race, clinical signs and geographical area was investigated. A significant relationship was observed between streptococcal isolates with age variables and clinical symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
In our study, a Streptococcus equi subsp. equi genotype was identified. The 97 allele of this gene has not been officially reported anywhere and is only registered in the Public databases for molecular typing and microbial genome diversity (PubMLST)-SeM database by Katy Webb. This was the first isolate reported and registered in the mentioned database. The isolate (Tabriz61) had the SeM-97 allele with clinical signs including mucopurulent discharge, abnormal sounds in lung hearing, warmth and enlargement or discharge and abscess of retropharyngeal lymph node and fever. This isolate was sensitive to penicillin, meropenem, ampicillin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, erythromycin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin antibiotics and resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin antibiotics.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Iran; Phylogeny; Streptococcal Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptococcus equi; Trachea; Horse Diseases
PubMed: 37848882
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03772-4 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2010Bacterial skin infections in children vary widely clinically, starting from mild superficial folliculitis to deep necrotizing fasciitis. The causative organisms are... (Review)
Review
Bacterial skin infections in children vary widely clinically, starting from mild superficial folliculitis to deep necrotizing fasciitis. The causative organisms are mostly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus, with occasional involvement of Gram-negative organisms. Treatment of even the milder forms of bacterial skin infections is of importance because of the long-term morbidity associated with them. However, because of global emergence of resistant strains of bacteria, treatment of these conditions is becoming increasingly difficult. The current antibacterial resistance patterns in organisms causing skin and soft tissue infections and the problems encountered in their management in children have been discussed.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Staphylococcal Skin Infections; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 20826986
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.69053 -
American Family Physician Mar 2009Common signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis include sore throat, temperature greater than 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), tonsillar exudates, and cervical...
Common signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis include sore throat, temperature greater than 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C), tonsillar exudates, and cervical adenopathy. Cough, coryza, and diarrhea are more common with viral pharyngitis. Available diagnostic tests include throat culture and rapid antigen detection testing. Throat culture is considered the diagnostic standard, although the sensitivity and specificity of rapid antigen detection testing have improved significantly. The modified Centor score can be used to help physicians decide which patients need no testing, throat culture/rapid antigen detection testing, or empiric antibiotic therapy. Penicillin (10 days of oral therapy or one injection of intramuscular benzathine penicillin) is the treatment of choice because of cost, narrow spectrum of activity, and effectiveness. Amoxicillin is equally effective and more palatable. Erythromycin and first-generation cephalosporins are options in patients with penicillin allergy. Increased group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS) treatment failure with penicillin has been reported. Although current guidelines recommend first-generation cephalosporins for persons with penicillin allergy, some advocate the use of cephalosporins in all nonallergic patients because of better GABHS eradication and effectiveness against chronic GABHS carriage. Chronic GABHS colonization is common despite appropriate use of antibiotic therapy. Chronic carriers are at low risk of transmitting disease or developing invasive GABHS infections, and there is generally no need to treat carriers. Whether tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy decreases the incidence of GABHS pharyngitis is poorly understood. At this time, the benefits are too small to outweigh the associated costs and surgical risks.
Topics: Algorithms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Nephritis; Pharyngitis; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Rheumatic Fever; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 19275067
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Apr 2001
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Pharyngitis; Streptococcal Infections
PubMed: 11327432
DOI: No ID Found