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Frontiers in Oral Health 2023Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. We have previously reported the higher levels of and lower ratios of to may...
OBJECTIVES
Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. We have previously reported the higher levels of and lower ratios of to may contribute to periodontal health disparities. This prospective cohort study was designed to investigate if ethnic/racial groups responded differently to non-surgical periodontal treatment and if the treatment outcomes correlated to the bacterial distribution in patients with periodontitis before treatment.
METHODS
This prospective cohort pilot study was carried out in an academic setting, at the School of Dentistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston. Dental plaque was collected from a total of 75 African Americans, Caucasians and Hispanics periodontitis patients in a 3-year period. Quantitation of and was carried out using qPCR. Clinical parameters including probing depths and clinical attachment levels were determined before and after nonsurgical treatment. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, the paired samples -test and the chi-square test.
RESULTS
The gains in clinical attachment levels after treatment significantly differed amongst the 3 groups-Caucasians responded most favorably, followed by African-Americans, lastly Hispanics, while numbers of were highest in Hispanics, followed by African-Americans, and lowest in Caucasians (= 0.015). However, no statistical differences were found in the numbers of amongst the 3 groups.
CONCLUSION
Differential response to nonsurgical periodontal treatment and distribution of are present in different ethnic/racial groups with periodontitis.
PubMed: 37377523
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2023.1212728 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2017Periodontitis is a global health problem and the 6 most common infectious disease worldwide. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone pathogen in the disease...
Periodontitis is a global health problem and the 6 most common infectious disease worldwide. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered a keystone pathogen in the disease and is capable of elevating the virulence potential of the periodontal microbial community. Strategies that interfere with P. gingivalis colonization and expression of virulence factor are therefore attractive approaches for preventing and treating periodontitis. We have previously reported that an 11-mer peptide (SAPP) derived from Streptococcus cristatus arginine deiminase (ArcA) was able to repress the expression and production of several well-known P. gingivalis virulence factors including fimbrial proteins and gingipains. Herein we expand and develop these studies to ascertain the impact of this peptide on phenotypic properties of P. gingivalis related to virulence potential. We found that growth rate was not altered by exposure of P. gingivalis to SAPP, while monospecies and heterotypic biofilm formation, and invasion of oral epithelial cells were inhibited. Additionally, SAPP was able to impinge the ability of P. gingivalis to dysregulate innate immunity by repressing gingipain-associated degradation of interleukin-8 (IL8). Hence, SAPP has characteristics that could be exploited for the manipulation of P. gingivalis levels in oral communities and preventing realization of virulence potential.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Peptides; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus
PubMed: 29176569
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16522-y -
PloS One 2014Although most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cases worldwide are transmitted through mucosal surfaces, transmission through the oral mucosal surface is a...
Although most human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) cases worldwide are transmitted through mucosal surfaces, transmission through the oral mucosal surface is a rare event. More than 700 bacterial species have been detected in the oral cavity. Despite great efforts to discover oral inhibitors of HIV, little information is available concerning the anti-HIV activity of oral bacterial components. Here we show that a molecule from an oral commensal bacterium, Streptococcus cristatus CC5A can induce expression of APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F) and inhibit HIV-1 replication in THP-1 cells. We show by qRT-PCR that expression levels of A3G and A3F increase in a dose-dependent manner in the presence of a CC5A extract, as does A3G protein levels by Western blot assay. In addition, when the human monocytic cell line THP-1 was treated with CC5A extract, the replication of HIV-1 IIIB was significantly suppressed compared with IIIB replication in untreated THP-1 cells. Knock down of A3G expression in THP-1 cells compromised the ability of CC5A to inhibit HIV-1 IIIB infectivity. Furthermore, SupT1 cells infected with virus produced from CC5A extract-treated THP-1 cells replicated virus with a higher G to A hypermutation rate (a known consequence of A3G activity) than virus used from untreated THP-1 cells. This suggests that S. cristatus CC5A contains a molecule that induces A3G/F expression and thereby inhibits HIV replication. These findings might lead to the discovery of a novel anti-HIV/AIDS therapeutic.
Topics: APOBEC-3G Deaminase; Adhesins, Bacterial; Anti-HIV Agents; Cell Line; Cytidine Deaminase; Cytosine Deaminase; Endopeptidases; Enzyme Stability; Gene Expression Regulation; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Hot Temperature; Humans; Streptococcus; Virus Replication
PubMed: 25165817
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106078 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Apr 2011Severe early childhood caries (ECC), while strongly associated with Streptococcus mutans using selective detection (culture, PCR), has also been associated with a widely...
Severe early childhood caries (ECC), while strongly associated with Streptococcus mutans using selective detection (culture, PCR), has also been associated with a widely diverse microbiota using molecular cloning approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota of severe ECC using anaerobic culture. The microbial composition of dental plaque from 42 severe ECC children was compared with that of 40 caries-free children. Bacterial samples were cultured anaerobically on blood and acid (pH 5) agars. Isolates were purified, and partial sequences for the 16S rRNA gene were obtained from 5,608 isolates. Sequence-based analysis of the 16S rRNA isolate libraries from blood and acid agars of severe ECC and caries-free children had >90% population coverage, with greater diversity occurring in the blood isolate library. Isolate sequences were compared with taxon sequences in the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD), and 198 HOMD taxa were identified, including 45 previously uncultivated taxa, 29 extended HOMD taxa, and 45 potential novel groups. The major species associated with severe ECC included Streptococcus mutans, Scardovia wiggsiae, Veillonella parvula, Streptococcus cristatus, and Actinomyces gerensceriae. S. wiggsiae was significantly associated with severe ECC children in the presence and absence of S. mutans detection. We conclude that anaerobic culture detected as wide a diversity of species in ECC as that observed using cloning approaches. Culture coupled with 16S rRNA identification identified over 74 isolates for human oral taxa without previously cultivated representatives. The major caries-associated species were S. mutans and S. wiggsiae, the latter of which is a candidate as a newly recognized caries pathogen.
Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Child; Child, Preschool; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Male; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 21289150
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02427-10 -
Molecular Oral Microbiology Apr 2011We previously reported that Streptococcus cristatus, an oral commensal, was able to downregulate the interleukin-8 (IL-8) response to Fusobacterium nucleatum, a putative... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We previously reported that Streptococcus cristatus, an oral commensal, was able to downregulate the interleukin-8 (IL-8) response to Fusobacterium nucleatum, a putative oral pathogen in oral epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to extend the understanding of how S. cristatus regulates cytokine expression in oral epithelial cells on a broad basis, and investigate whether the modulation of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway was involved in this process. KB and TERT-2 cells were co-cultured with F. nucleatum and S. cristatus, either alone or in combination. Total RNA was extracted and pathway-specific focused microarrays were used to profile the transcriptional responses of various cytokine genes and those related to TLR-mediated signal transduction. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and protein assays were performed to confirm the microarray results for selected genes. We found that exposure to either S. cristatus or F. nucleatum alone led to distinct changes in cytokine expression patterns. Fusobacterium nucleatum induced a greater number of gene expression changes than S. cristatus (15% vs. 4%, respectively). The presence of S. cristatus with F. nucleatum attenuated the expression of a number of inflammatory cytokines, and upregulated several anti-inflammatory mediators. The RT-PCR confirmed the messenger RNA attenuation of IL-1α, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 by S. cristatus. Profiling of TLR-signaling-related genes revealed that S. cristatus most significantly impacted the downstream pathways, especially nuclear factor-κB, rather than altering TLRs and their adaptors and interacting proteins. Our data suggest that S. cristatus may attenuate the epithelial proinflammatory cytokine response to F. nucleatum by influencing pathways converging on nuclear factor-κB.
Topics: Cell Line; Chemokines; Coculture Techniques; Cytokines; Epithelial Cells; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Interleukin-1alpha; Interleukin-6; Interleukins; KB Cells; Microarray Analysis; Microbial Interactions; Mouth Mucosa; NF-kappa B; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Signal Transduction; Streptococcus; Toll-Like Receptors; Transcription, Genetic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Up-Regulation; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
PubMed: 21375705
DOI: 10.1111/j.2041-1014.2010.00600.x -
Infection and Immunity Jan 2006Analysis of human buccal epithelial cells frequently reveals an intracellular polymicrobial consortium of bacteria. Although several oral bacteria have been demonstrated...
Analysis of human buccal epithelial cells frequently reveals an intracellular polymicrobial consortium of bacteria. Although several oral bacteria have been demonstrated to invade cultured epithelial cells, several others appear unable to internalize. We hypothesized that normally noninvasive bacteria may gain entry into epithelial cells via adhesion to invasive bacteria. Fusobacterium nucleatum is capable of binding to and invading oral epithelial cells. By contrast, Streptococcus cristatus binds weakly to host cells and is not internalized. F. nucleatum and S. cristatus coaggregate strongly via an arginine-sensitive interaction. Coincubation of KB or TERT-2 epithelial cells with equal numbers of F. nucleatum and S. cristatus bacteria led to significantly increased numbers of adherent and internalized streptococci. F. nucleatum also promoted invasion of KB cells by other oral streptococci and Actinomyces naeslundii. Dissection of fusobacterial or streptococcal adhesive interactions by using sugars, amino acids, or antibodies demonstrated that this phenomenon is due to direct attachment of S. cristatus to adherent and invading F. nucleatum. Inhibition of F. nucleatum host cell attachment and invasion with galactose, or fusobacterial-streptococcal coaggregation by the arginine homologue l-canavanine, abrogated the increased S. cristatus adhesion to, and invasion of, host cells. In addition, polyclonal antibodies to F. nucleatum, which inhibited fusobacterial attachment to both KB cells and S. cristatus, significantly decreased invasion by both species. Similar decreases were obtained when epithelial cells were pretreated with cytochalasin D, staurosporine, or cycloheximide. These studies indicate that F. nucleatum may facilitate the colonization of epithelial cells by bacteria unable to adhere or invade directly.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Cell Line; Epithelial Cells; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 16369022
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.74.1.654-662.2006 -
Cureus Apr 2024We report here a rare case of spondylodiscitis due to in a healthy 66-year-old male. Due to an abscess causing neurological deficit, which required immediate surgical...
A Rare Case of Streptococcus cristatus Spondylodiscitis Identified by Bacterial 16S rRNA Polymerase Chain Reaction Sequencing: A Case Report and a Review of the Literature.
We report here a rare case of spondylodiscitis due to in a healthy 66-year-old male. Due to an abscess causing neurological deficit, which required immediate surgical intervention, a PCR targeting 16S rRNA was performed on the surgical samples as all blood and tissue cultures remained negative. This molecular assay allowed for the identification of this rare , a member of the mitis group and commensal of the oral cavity, whose pathogenicity remains uncertain although it has been seldom reported in cases of human infections, mostly bacteremia and endocarditis. Notably, our case is distinguished by the absence of comorbidities, although the patient's history was compatible with a dental portal of entry. This case illustrates once more that 16S rRNA PCR can be of great help for documenting the causative pathogen in osteoarticular infections when cultures remain inconclusive. We reviewed in this article the data regarding osteoarticular infections due to and discussed the role of molecular technique in the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis.
PubMed: 38803776
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59127 -
Microorganisms Sep 2019Adolescence is closely associated with a high risk of caries. The identification of specific bacteria in an oral microniche, the interdental space of the molars,...
Adolescence is closely associated with a high risk of caries. The identification of specific bacteria in an oral microniche, the interdental space of the molars, according to carious risk can facilitate the prediction of future caries and the anticipation of the progression or stabilization of caries in adolescents. A cross-sectional clinical study according to the bacteriological criteria of interdental healthy adolescents and carious risk factors-low and high-using a real-time polymerase chain reaction technique was conducted. The presence of 26 oral pathogens from the interdental microbiota of 50 adolescents aged 15 to 17 years were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Bacteria known to be cariogenic (, spp., , , , , , and ) did not present differences in abundance according to carious risk. Periodontal bacteria from the red complex are positively correlated with carious risk. However, only 3 bacteria-, and -presented a significant increase in the highest group. Estimating the risk of caries associated with bacterial factors in interdental sites of molars in adolescents contributes to the better definition of carious risk status, periodicity and intensity of diagnostic, prevention and restorative services.
PubMed: 31491909
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090319 -
New Preventive Strategy against Oral Biofilm Formation in Caries-Active Children: An In Vitro Study.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023Quorum quenching (QQ) is the inhibition of bacterial communication, i.e., quorum sensing (QS). QS is a key mechanism in regulating biofilm formation and phenotype in...
Quorum quenching (QQ) is the inhibition of bacterial communication, i.e., quorum sensing (QS). QS is a key mechanism in regulating biofilm formation and phenotype in complex bacterial communities, such as those found within cariogenic biofilms. Whereas QQ approaches were shown to effectively reduce biomass, knowledge of their impact on the taxonomic composition of oral polymicrobial biofilms remains scarce. Here, we investigate the effect of the QQ lactonase Aii20J on biomass production and taxonomical composition of biofilms. We collected supragingival plaque samples from 10 caries-free and 10 caries-active children and cultured them to generate in vitro biofilms. We describe significant biomass reductions upon Aii20J exposure, as assessed by crystal violet assays. Taxonomical profiling using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed no significant changes in bacterial composition at the genus level. Interestingly, at the species level Aii20J-treatment increased the abundance of and . Both and express pH-buffering enzymes (arginine deiminase and urease, respectively) that catalyze ammonia production, thereby potentially raising local pH and counteracting the biofilm's cariogenic potential. Within the limitations of the study, our findings provide evidence of the biofilm-modulating ability of QQ and offer novel insights into alternative strategies to restore homeostasis within dysbiotic ecosystems.
PubMed: 37627682
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081263 -
Caries Research 2010Severe early childhood caries is a microbial infection that severely compromises the dentition of young children. The aim of this study was to characterize the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Severe early childhood caries is a microbial infection that severely compromises the dentition of young children. The aim of this study was to characterize the microbiota of severe early childhood caries.
METHODS
Dental plaque samples from 2- to 6-year-old children were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing, and by specific PCR amplification for Streptococcus mutans and Bifidobacteriaceae species.
RESULTS
Children with severe caries (n = 39) had more dental plaque and gingival inflammation than caries-free children (n = 41). Analysis of phylotypes from operational taxonomic unit analysis of 16S rRNA clonal metalibraries from severe caries and caries-free children indicated that while libraries differed significantly (p < 0.0001), there was increased diversity than detected in this clonal analysis. Using the Human Oral Microbiome Database, 139 different taxa were identified. Within the limits of this study, caries-associated taxa included Granulicatella elegans (p < 0.01) and Veillonella sp. HOT-780 (p < 0.01). The species associated with caries-free children included Capnocytophaga gingivalis (p < 0.01), Abiotrophia defectiva (p < 0.01), Lachnospiraceae sp. HOT-100 (p < 0.05), Streptococcus sanguinis (p < 0.05) and Streptococcus cristatus (p < 0.05). By specific PCR, S. mutans (p < 0.005) and Bifidobacteriaceae spp. (p < 0.0001) were significantly associated with severe caries.
CONCLUSION
Clonal analysis of 80 children identified a diverse microbiota that differed between severe caries and caries-free children, but the association of S. mutans with caries was from specific PCR analysis, not from clonal analysis, of samples.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Actinobacteria; Bacteria; Bifidobacterium; Capnocytophaga; Carnobacteriaceae; Child; Child, Preschool; Clone Cells; Cloning, Molecular; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Dental Pulp Exposure; Dentin; Female; Gingivitis; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Male; Metagenome; Periodontal Index; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Veillonella
PubMed: 20861633
DOI: 10.1159/000320158