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Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Dec 2021Although Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGSP) is a rare pathogen in children, it can cause invasive infections among neonates and infants. Herein,...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Although Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies pasteurianus (SGSP) is a rare pathogen in children, it can cause invasive infections among neonates and infants. Herein, we report bacteremia/meningitis caused by SGSP in three neonates and review the literature on bacteremia and/or meningitis caused by this organism.
METHODS
Three neonates, referred from an obstetrics clinic within a 2-month period, presented with invasive SGSP infections. The bacterial isolates were analyzed using Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF, sequencing of 16S rRNA and sodA genes (encoding manganese dependent superoxide dismutase), and PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism assay of groESL gene. Molecular typing was performed to evaluate the genetic relatedness.
RESULTS
The median onset age of infection in the three neonates was 3 days (range 2-5 days). They were delivered through cesarean section in the same operation room under different doctors, and were cared for by different nurses. Patient A presented with bacteremia, patient B with bacteremia and meningitis, and patient C with meningitis. Four isolates were identified as SGSP and were susceptible to penicillin G, cefotaxime, and vancomycin. All patients were treated with ampicillin plus cefotaxime for 14 days, and no complications were observed. The molecular typing results suggested that all isolates belonged to a single clone, which indicated the possibility of an outbreak in the obstetrics clinic.
CONCLUSION
Infection by a rare pathogen such as SGSP in multiple patients belonging to a single healthcare unit indicates that detailed investigation and stringent infection control policy are necessary for preventing further outbreaks of such diseases.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteremia; Bacterial Proteins; Cluster Analysis; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Meningitis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 32768337
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2020.07.004 -
PloS One 2015Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus) can colonise the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals and is known to cause similar...
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus) can colonise the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals and is known to cause similar infections in both humans and animals. Data about the spread or prevalence in farm animals are missing. In this study, Trypton Soya Agar was modified to a selective medium enabling the isolation and quantification of S. gallolyticus from faecal samples. The bacterium was observed in 82 out of 91 faecal samples obtained from 18 different organic turkey flocks. The prevalence of shedding birds was estimated by the number of positive fresh droppings and reached up to 100% on most farms. Furthermore, for the first time S. gallolyticus was quantified in faeces from poultry flocks. The median of colony forming units (CFU) per gramme faeces was 3.6 x 10(5) CFU/g. Typing of one isolate from each positive faecal sample by multilocus sequence typing delivered 24 sequence types (STs). Most of the isolates belonged to the clonal complex CC58. The same STs of this complex were detected in up to six different flocks. Partly, these flocks were located in various regions and stocked with varying breeding lines. Regarding the biochemical profiles of the same STs from different farms, the results did not contradict a spread of specific STs in the organic turkey production. Moreover, checking the pubMLST database revealed that STs found in this study were also found in other animal species and in humans. The high detection rate and the number of S. gallolyticus in turkey faeces indicate that this bacterium probably belongs to the common microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract of turkeys from organic flocks. Furthermore, the findings of this study support the suggestion of a possible interspecies transmission.
Topics: Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Cluster Analysis; Feces; Geography; Germany; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Prevalence; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Species Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Superoxide Dismutase; Turkeys
PubMed: 26657757
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144412 -
Journal of Experimental & Clinical... Jan 2011Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) bacteria are associated with colorectal cancer and adenoma. S. bovis is currently named S. gallolyticus. 25 to 80% of patients with S.... (Review)
Review
Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) bacteria are associated with colorectal cancer and adenoma. S. bovis is currently named S. gallolyticus. 25 to 80% of patients with S. bovis/gallolyticus bacteremia have concomitant colorectal tumors. Colonic neoplasia may arise years after the presentation of bacteremia or infectious endocarditis of S. bovis/gallolyticus. The presence of S. bovis/gallolyticus bacteremia and/or endocarditis is also related to the presence of villous or tubular-villous adenomas in the large intestine. In addition, serological relationship of S. gallolyticus with colorectal tumors and direct colonization of S. gallolyticus in tissues of colorectal tumors were found. However, this association is still under controversy and has long been underestimated. Moreover, the etiological versus non-etiological nature of this associationis not settled yet. Therefore, by covering the most of up to date studies, this review attempts to clarify the nature and the core of S. bovis/gallolyicus association with colorectal tumors and analyze the possible underlying mechanisms.
Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Bacteremia; Colorectal Neoplasms; Endocarditis; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Inflammation; Intestinal Mucosa; Precancerous Conditions; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus bovis
PubMed: 21247505
DOI: 10.1186/1756-9966-30-11 -
BMC Research Notes Oct 2022Clinical outcomes of infection by S. gallolyticus have not been investigated extensively. We aimed to determine the prevalence of S. gallolyticus in tumor specimens...
OBJECTIVE
Clinical outcomes of infection by S. gallolyticus have not been investigated extensively. We aimed to determine the prevalence of S. gallolyticus in tumor specimens obtained from Iranian patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer. Polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm the presence of S. gallolyticus in patients' tissue samples.
RESULTS
Of 176 patients, 65 were diagnosed with colorectal cancer whereas 111 did not have any colon disease. No correlation was found between age, colonization with S. gallolyticus, gender, or risk factors. Overall, 72 (40%) patients carried S. gallolyticus; only 29% of the patients without colorectal cancer were positive for S. gallolyticus. Diagnosis of colorectal cancer and presence of S. gallolyticus significantly correlated (P = 0.006; odds ratio = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.21-3.87). Among the patients with colorectal cancer, 39 (60%) were positive with S. gallolyticus (P = 0.006) whereas 33 of 111 (29.7%) control subjects were positive for S. gallolyticus (P > 0.05); thus, 70.3% of the control subjects were not infected with S. gallolyticus. We found a high prevalence of S. gallolyticus among an Iranian cohort of patients with colorectal cancer. Despite previous reports, we report a positive correlation between colorectal cancer and S. gallolyticus colonization.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Iran; Odds Ratio; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 36199123
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06207-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The opportunistic pathogen is one of the few intestinal bacteria that has been consistently linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify novel...
OBJECTIVE
The opportunistic pathogen is one of the few intestinal bacteria that has been consistently linked to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify novel -induced pathways in colon epithelial cells that could further explain how contributes to CRC development.
DESIGN AND RESULTS
Transcription profiling of cultured CRC cells that were exposed to revealed the specific induction of oxidoreductase pathways. Most prominently, and genes that encode phase I biotransformation enzymes were responsible for the detoxification or bio-activation of toxic compounds. A common feature is that these enzymes are induced through the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Using the specific inhibitor CH223191, we showed that the induction of was dependent on the AhR both using multiple CRC cell lines as using wild-type C57bl6 mice colonized with . Furthermore, we showed that CYP1 could also be induced by other intestinal bacteria and that a yet unidentified diffusible factor from the secretome (SGS) induces CYP1A enzyme activity in an AhR-dependent manner. Importantly, priming CRC cells with SGS increased the DNA damaging effect of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 3-methylcholanthrene.
CONCLUSION
This study shows that gut bacteria have the potential to modulate the expression of biotransformation pathways in colonic epithelial cells in an AhR-dependent manner. This offers a novel theory on the contribution of intestinal bacteria to the etiology of CRC by modifying the capacity of intestinal epithelial or (pre-)cancerous cells to (de)toxify dietary components, which could alter intestinal susceptibility to DNA damaging events.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Epithelial Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon; Streptococcus gallolyticus
PubMed: 34778104
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.740704 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2017Infective endocarditis is life-threatening; identification of the underlying etiology informs optimized individual patient management. Changing epidemiology, advances in... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis is life-threatening; identification of the underlying etiology informs optimized individual patient management. Changing epidemiology, advances in blood culture techniques, and new diagnostics guide the application of laboratory testing for diagnosis of endocarditis. Blood cultures remain the standard test for microbial diagnosis, with directed serological testing (i.e., Q fever serology, serology) in culture-negative cases. Histopathology and molecular diagnostics (e.g., 16S rRNA gene PCR/sequencing, PCR) may be applied to resected valves to aid in diagnosis. Herein, we summarize recent knowledge in this area and propose a microbiologic and pathological algorithm for endocarditis diagnosis.
Topics: Algorithms; Aortic Valve; Bartonella; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Mitral Valve; Pathology, Molecular; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Serologic Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Tropheryma
PubMed: 28659319
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00635-17 -
BMC Genomics Aug 2011Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an important causative agent of infectious endocarditis, while the pathogenicity of this species is widely unclear. To... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus is an important causative agent of infectious endocarditis, while the pathogenicity of this species is widely unclear. To gain insight into the pathomechanisms and the underlying genetic elements for lateral gene transfer, we sequenced the entire genome of this pathogen.
RESULTS
We sequenced the whole genome of S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus strain ATCC BAA-2069, consisting of a 2,356,444 bp circular DNA molecule with a G+C-content of 37.65% and a novel 20,765 bp plasmid designated as pSGG1. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 2,309 ORFs and the presence of 80 tRNAs and 21 rRNAs in the chromosome. Furthermore, 21 ORFs were detected on the plasmid pSGG1, including tetracycline resistance genes telL and tet(O/W/32/O). Screening of 41 S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus isolates revealed one plasmid (pSGG2) homologous to pSGG1. We further predicted 21 surface proteins containing the cell wall-sorting motif LPxTG, which were shown to play a functional role in the adhesion of bacteria to host cells. In addition, we performed a whole genome comparison to the recently sequenced S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus strain UCN34, revealing significant differences.
CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of the whole genome sequence of S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus promotes understanding of genetic factors concerning the pathogenesis and adhesion to ECM of this pathogen. For the first time we detected the presence of the mobilizable pSGG1 plasmid, which may play a functional role in lateral gene transfer and promote a selective advantage due to a tetracycline resistance.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Humans; Plasmids; Streptococcus; Tetracycline; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 21824414
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-400 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Apr 2015The aim of this work was to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility and genetic diversity of 41 Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus isolates: 18 isolates...
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus from human and animal origins: genetic diversity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and characterization of a vancomycin-resistant calf isolate carrying a vanA-Tn1546-like element.
The aim of this work was to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility and genetic diversity of 41 Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus isolates: 18 isolates obtained from animals and 23 human clinical isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by the semiautomatic Wider system and genetic diversity by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI. Animal isolates grouped separately in the PFGE analysis, but no statistical differences in antimicrobial resistance were found between the two groups. The LMG 17956 sequence type 28 (ST28) strain recovered from the feces of a calf exhibited high levels of resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin (MIC, ≥256 mg/liter). Its glycopeptide resistance mechanism was characterized by Southern blot hybridization and a primer-walking strategy, and finally its genome, determined by whole-genome sequencing, was compared with four closely related S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus genomes. Hybridization experiments demonstrated that a Tn1546-like element was integrated into the bacterial chromosome. In agreement with this finding, whole-genome sequencing confirmed a partial deletion of the vanY-vanZ region and partial duplication of the vanH gene. The comparative genomic analyses revealed that the LMG 17956 ST28 strain had acquired an unusually high number of transposable elements and had experienced extensive chromosomal rearrangements, as well as gene gain and loss events. In conclusion, S. gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus isolates from animals seem to belong to lineages separate from those infecting humans. In addition, we report a glycopeptide-resistant isolate from a calf carrying a Tn1546-like element integrated into its chromosome.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Proteins; Carbon-Oxygen Ligases; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Conjugation, Genetic; Feces; Genetic Variation; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plasmids; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Teicoplanin; Vancomycin Resistance
PubMed: 25605355
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.04083-14 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Oct 2021Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus is a known pathogen that causes infective endocarditis, and most cases involve the left heart valves. We present the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus is a known pathogen that causes infective endocarditis, and most cases involve the left heart valves. We present the first reported case of prosthetic tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by this microorganism. Relevant literature is reviewed.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 67-year-old Jewish female with a history of a prosthetic tricuspid valve replacement was admitted to the emergency department because of nonspecific complaints including effort dyspnea, fatigue, and a single episode of transient visual loss and fever. No significant physical findings were observed. Laboratory examinations revealed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a few nonspecific abnormalities. Transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated a vegetation attached to the prosthetic tricuspid valve. The involved tricuspid valve was replaced by a new tissue valve, and Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus was grown from its culture. Prolonged antibiotic treatment was initiated.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on this report and the reviewed literature, Streptococcus gallolyticus should be considered as a rare but potential causative microorganism in prosthetic right-sided valves endocarditis. The patient's atypical presentation emphasizes the need for a high index of suspicion for the diagnosis of infective endocarditis.
Topics: Aged; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus; Tricuspid Valve
PubMed: 34702343
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-03125-5 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2018Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been reported to display a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). It was recently demonstrated to...
Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus (Sg) has long been reported to display a strong association with colorectal cancer (CRC). It was recently demonstrated to actively promote the development of CRC, underscoring the importance of Sg in both clinical correlation and functional relevance in CRC. Here we investigated several clinical isolates of Sg in their interactions with human colon cancer cells and in mouse models. Some Sg strains were able to stimulate host cell proliferation (proliferation-promoting Sg, PP-Sg) whereas others were not (non-proliferation-promoting Sg, NP-Sg). PP-Sg strains adhered to colon cancer cells much better than NP-Sg strains, suggesting that close contact between Sg and host cells is important. In mice, PP-Sg is significantly better at colonizing the colon tissues of A/J mice compared to NP-Sg, however this difference was not observed in C57BL/6 mice, suggesting that Sg colonization of mouse colon tissues involves specific interactions between bacterial and host factors on the colonic epithelium. Finally, in an azoxymethane-induced mouse model of CRC, PP-Sg promoted tumor development whereas NP-Sg did not. These findings provide clues to the mechanism underlying the Sg-CRC association and have important implications to clinical studies that aim to correlate Sg with clinical and pathological features of CRC.
Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Mice; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus
PubMed: 29367658
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19941-7