-
Journal of Internal Medicine Feb 2013Tumour progression requires the activation of a tumour and stromal cell-driven angiogenic programme, and the targeting of this process demonstrates an impact on tumour... (Review)
Review
Tumour progression requires the activation of a tumour and stromal cell-driven angiogenic programme, and the targeting of this process demonstrates an impact on tumour growth and progression. The results of preclinical studies have demonstrated a proinvasive/metastatic effect of antiangiogenic treatments with recent evidence supporting a contribution of the stroma to tumour aggressiveness and the short-term effects of antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Furthermore, hypoxia-dependent and -independent factors are considered as driving forces for tumour cell escape by altering both the tumour cells themselves and the stroma. This tumour-stromal cell alliance should be taken into consideration for the development of innovative therapeutic options targeting both tumour components to improve clinical benefits for cancer patients.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Humans; Hypoxia; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Stromal Cells; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 23198797
DOI: 10.1111/joim.12018 -
Journal of Integrative Neuroscience Mar 2022Traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury often causes irreversible impairment, and new alternative therapies for the treatment of CNS injury and sequelae are... (Review)
Review
Traumatic central nervous system (CNS) injury often causes irreversible impairment, and new alternative therapies for the treatment of CNS injury and sequelae are expected to be developed. Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have started being used as cell therapy for neurological disorders such as traumatic CNS injury based on their immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and neurorestorative abilities. Based on the premise of basic research, numerous clinical trials using MSCs for the treatment of traumatic CNS injury have been performed, and the feasibility and efficacy of this therapy have been reported. In this review we aimed to shed light on the characteristics of MSCs and to discuss the basic and clinical research and recent progress in clinical studies using MSCs to treat various traumatic neurological injuries.
Topics: Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Central Nervous System; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Trauma, Nervous System
PubMed: 35364632
DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2102044 -
Genes & Development Sep 2023Adipose tissue exhibits a remarkable capacity to expand, contract, and remodel in response to changes in physiological and environmental conditions. Here, we describe... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue exhibits a remarkable capacity to expand, contract, and remodel in response to changes in physiological and environmental conditions. Here, we describe recent advances in our understanding of how functionally distinct tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal cell subpopulations orchestrate several aspects of physiological and pathophysiological adipose tissue remodeling, with a particular focus on the adaptations that occur in response to changes in energy surplus and environmental temperature. The study of adipose tissue remodeling provides a vehicle to understand the functional diversity of stromal cells and offers a lens through which several generalizable aspects of tissue reorganization can be readily observed.
Topics: Humans; Adipogenesis; Adipose Tissue; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Obesity; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 37798016
DOI: 10.1101/gad.351069.123 -
Cancer Cell Apr 2022Tumors contain heterogeneous neoplastic cells and diverse stromal elements that collectively function as dynamic ecosystems, and this complicates predictive modeling...
Tumors contain heterogeneous neoplastic cells and diverse stromal elements that collectively function as dynamic ecosystems, and this complicates predictive modeling ex vivo. LeBlanc et al. utilize single-cell analysis to demonstrate that patient-derived explants replicate tumor cell diversity and transient stromal cell types in patient surgical specimens. This suggests that patient-derived explants can be valuable as tumor models.
Topics: Ecosystem; Humans; Neoplasms; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 35364017
DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2022.03.004 -
Organogenesis 2013Until recently, the complexity of adipose tissue and its physiological role was not well appreciated. This changed with the discovery of adipokines such as leptin. The... (Review)
Review
Until recently, the complexity of adipose tissue and its physiological role was not well appreciated. This changed with the discovery of adipokines such as leptin. The cellular composition of adipose tissue is heterogeneous and changes as a function of diabetes and disease states such as diabetes. Tissue engineers view adipose tissue as a rich source of adult stromal/stem cells isolated by collagenase digestion. In vitro and in vivo studies have documented that adipose stromal/stem cells are multipotent, with the ability to differentiate along the adipocyte, chondrocyte, osteoblast and other lineage pathways. The adipose stromal/stem cells secrete a wide range of cytokines and growth factors with potential paracrine actions. Furthermore, adipose stromal/stem cells exert immunomodulatory functions when added to mixed lymphocyte reactions, suggesting that they can be transplanted allogeneically. This review article focuses on these mechanisms of adipose stromal/stem cell action and their potential utility as cellular therapeutics.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Cellular Microenvironment; Humans; Immunomodulation; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Stromal Cells
PubMed: 23538753
DOI: 10.4161/org.24279 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Over the past few decades, basic studies aimed at curing patients with cancer have been constantly evolving. A myriad of mechanistic studies on physiological changes and... (Review)
Review
Over the past few decades, basic studies aimed at curing patients with cancer have been constantly evolving. A myriad of mechanistic studies on physiological changes and related factors in tumor growth and metastasis have been reported. Recently, several studies have been considerate to how tumors adapt to unfavorable environments, such as glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, hypoxic conditions, and immune responses. Tumors attempt to adapt to unfavorable environments with genetic or non-genetic changes, the alteration of metabolic signals, or the reconfiguration of their environment through migration to other organs. One of the distinct features in solid tumors is heterogeneity because their environments vary due to the characteristics of colony growth. For this reason, researchers are paying attention to the communication between growing tumors and neighboring environments, including stromal cells, immune cells, fibroblasts, and secreted molecules, such as proteins and RNAs. During cancer survival and progression, tumor cells undergo phenotype and molecular changes collectively referred to as cellular plasticity, which result from microenvironment signals, genetics and epigenetic alterations thereby contributing to tumor heterogeneity and therapy response. In this review, we herein discuss the adaptation process of tumors to adverse environments communication with neighboring cells for overcoming unfavorable growth conditions. Understanding the physiology of these tumors and their communication with the tumor environment can help to develop promising tumor treatment strategies.
Topics: Fibroblasts; Humans; Immunity; Neoplasms; Stromal Cells; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35707536
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.882718 -
Current Opinion in Hematology Nov 2006Our understanding of the biology and properties of mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells has expanded dramatically over the last 3 years and is... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Our understanding of the biology and properties of mesenchymal stem cells or multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells has expanded dramatically over the last 3 years and is likely to have an impact on clinical practice in the near future, making a review of this topic both timely and relevant
RECENT FINDINGS
Recommendations regarding nomenclature and the definition of mesenchymal stromal cells have been proposed, a rapidly dividing population within the mesenchymal stromal cell compartment has been better defined and the ability of these cells to exhibit characteristics of cells from a variety of lineages has been extended. The notion that tissue repair with mesenchymal stromal cells is related to transdifferentiation has been re-evaluated and, for the myocardium at least, may be due rather to a paracrine mechanism. The most dramatic developments have been in identifying some of the complex mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive and nonimmunogenic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells which have important implications for the management of conditions like acute graft-versus-host disease.
SUMMARY
Mesenchymal stromal cells are a biologically important cell population that are able to support hematopoiesis, can differentiate along mesenchymal and nonmesenchymal lineages in vitro, are capable of suppressing alloresponses and appear to be nonimmunogenic. These properties suggest emerging roles for mesenchymal stromal cells in cell therapy.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Graft vs Host Disease; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Stromal Cells; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 17053453
DOI: 10.1097/01.moh.0000245697.54887.6f -
Journal of Cellular and Molecular... Feb 2012Recently, a novel type of stromal cell - the telocytes (TC) - was identified in mouse trachea. These cells are known to possess the ultrastructural characteristics,...
Recently, a novel type of stromal cell - the telocytes (TC) - was identified in mouse trachea. These cells are known to possess the ultrastructural characteristics, which support their role in intercellular signaling. We found TC in all stromal compartments of the tracheal wall. TC with long prolongations (telopodes, Tp) were lining longitudinally the collagen bundles, and were serially arranged (end-to-end connections of Tp were found). Noteworthy, Tp frequently establish stromal synapses with mast cells (MC). Primary cilia were also identified in TC. In conclusion, tracheal TC could be involved in the tracheal regulation (e.g. secretion, contractility). The tandem TC-MC deserves further investigations.
Topics: Animals; Cilia; Male; Mast Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stromal Cells; Trachea
PubMed: 21992681
DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2011.01465.x -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jan 2009Stromal cells, or mesenchymal stem cells, are adherent clonogenic cells that can form colonies. They are mainly isolated from bone marrow but can also be found in... (Review)
Review
Stromal cells, or mesenchymal stem cells, are adherent clonogenic cells that can form colonies. They are mainly isolated from bone marrow but can also be found in umbilical cord blood, adipose tissues and amniotic fluids. These stem cells are easy to culture in vitro, and can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, or adipocytes when stimulated appropriately. When seeded on a natural (titanium, ceramics, collagen fibers, silk, etc.) or synthetic (PLLA, PLGA, etc.) biomaterial scaffold, they adhere and differentiate to form a new tissue. Many studies have also explored stromal cell differentiation in bioreactors to form a 3-dimensional culture. This review focuses on the biomaterials used for tissue engineering with stromal cells.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Humans; Stromal Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 19273064
DOI: 10.2741/3241 -
International Journal of Cancer Mar 2021Tumour stromal cells support tumourigenesis. We report that Syndecan-2 (SDC2) is expressed on a nonepithelial, nonhaematopoietic, nonendothelial stromal cell population...
Tumour stromal cells support tumourigenesis. We report that Syndecan-2 (SDC2) is expressed on a nonepithelial, nonhaematopoietic, nonendothelial stromal cell population within breast cancer tissue. In vitro, syndecan-2 modulated TGFβ signalling (SMAD7, PAI-1), migration and immunosuppression of patient-derived tumour-associated stromal cells (TASCs). In an orthotopic immunocompromised breast cancer model, overexpression of syndecan-2 in TASCs significantly enhanced TGFβ signalling (SMAD7, PAI-1), tumour growth and metastasis, whereas reducing levels of SDC2 in TASCs attenuated TGFβ signalling (SMAD7, PAI-1, CXCR4), tumour growth and metastasis. To explore the potential for therapeutic application, a syndecan-2-peptide was generated that inhibited the migratory and immunosuppressive properties of TASCs in association with reduced expression of TGFβ-regulated immunosuppressive genes, such as CXCR4 and PD-L1. Moreover, using an orthotopic syngeneic breast cancer model, overexpression of syndecan-2-peptide in TASCs reduced tumour growth and immunosuppression within the TME. These data provide evidence that targeting stromal syndecan-2 within the TME inhibits tumour growth and metastasis due to decreased TGFβ signalling and increased immune control.
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Female; Humans; Immune Evasion; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neoplasm Metastasis; Signal Transduction; Stromal Cells; Syndecan-2; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33152121
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33383