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Journal of Oral Biology and... 2014Salivary gland cancers are rare. Around 8 out of 10 salivary gland tumors (80%) are in the parotid. Just fewer than 2 out of 10 salivary gland cancers develop in the... (Review)
Review
Salivary gland cancers are rare. Around 8 out of 10 salivary gland tumors (80%) are in the parotid. Just fewer than 2 out of 10 salivary gland cancers develop in the other two salivary glands - the submandibular or sublingual glands. Fewer than 1 in 10 cancers start in the minor salivary glands. There are many different types of salivary gland cancers. The most common is mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). Just over 3 out of 10 (25-35%) salivary gland cancers (SGT, SGC) are of this type. The others include adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), acinic cell carcinoma, carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (Ca-PA), polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and some newly discovered salivary gland tumors. Because of the infrequency of salivary gland tumors and their complex histopathological diagnosis, it is difficult to exactly predict their clinical course by means of its recurrence, malignant progression or metastasis. Salivary gland tumors always pose problems in diagnosis. This review provides an insight into the recent concepts and immunohistochemical markers to diagnose the malignant salivary gland tumors (SGT), thus guiding the Ear, Nose and Throat specialists, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons, General Pathologists and other medical and dental specialists thereby enabling them to make correct diagnosis and provide the appropriate treatment.
PubMed: 25737930
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2014.05.003 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal May 2022Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the sublingual gland is rare. There are no previous reports of the metastasis of sublingual gland ACC to the upper gingiva. Herein, we...
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the sublingual gland is rare. There are no previous reports of the metastasis of sublingual gland ACC to the upper gingiva. Herein, we report the first case of a patient with metastasis of sublingual gland ACC to the upper gingiva. It should be recognized that although metastasis of sublingual gland ACC to the upper gingiva is very rare, it can occur.
PubMed: 35635026
DOI: 10.1177/01455613221103089 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2019The purpose of this study was to document histologic features of the herniated sublingual gland (SLG) and investigate the histologic correlation between herniated SLG...
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
The purpose of this study was to document histologic features of the herniated sublingual gland (SLG) and investigate the histologic correlation between herniated SLG and plunging ranula.
METHODS
One hundred half-heads from 50 adult cadavers (21 females and 29 males) were included in this study. The presence of SLG herniation and the histologic features SLG were analyzed. The histologic features were analyzed according to the part: intraoral, junctional, and herniated parts. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), periodic acid Schiff reaction (PAS), and Alcian Blue (pH 2.5) staining were performed.
RESULTS
SLG herniation was found in 42 of 100 half-heads. Non-herniated SLG and the intraoral part of the herniated SLG were mainly composed of mucous acini and a few mixed acini. Junctional and herniated parts were mainly composed of serous acini and showed fatty change. PAS and Alcian blue staining showed that both acidic and neutral mucinous acini of junctional and herniated parts were decreased. However, there was no pseudo-epithelium at any site of herniation.
CONCLUSIONS
The histologic features of herniated SLG are different according the portions. The herniated part showed fatty degeneration and the remaining acini were mainly serous. We cannot confer any correlation between plunging ranula and the herniated part of SLGs.
PubMed: 31933831
DOI: No ID Found -
Cellular & Molecular Biology Letters Jun 2022The submandibular gland (SMG) and the sublingual gland (SLG) are two of the three major salivary glands in mammals. In mice, they are adjacent to each other and open...
The submandibular gland (SMG) and the sublingual gland (SLG) are two of the three major salivary glands in mammals. In mice, they are adjacent to each other and open into the oral cavity, producing saliva to lubricate the mouth and aid in food digestion. Though salivary gland dysfunction accompanied with fibrosis and metabolic disturbance is common in clinic, in-depth mechanistic research is lacking. Currently, research on how to rescue salivary function is challenging, as it must resort to using terminally differentiated acinar cells or precursor acinar cells with unknown differentiation. In this study, we established reversely immortalized mouse primary SMG cells (iSMGCs) and SLG cells (iSLGCs) on the first postnatal day (P0). The iSMGCs and iSLGCs grew well, exhibited many salivary gland characteristics, and retained the metabolism-related genes derived from the original tissue as demonstrated using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways of these two cell lines, which overlapped with those of the SMG and SLG, were enriched in cysteine and methionine metabolism. Furthermore, we investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), also known as growth differentiation factor 2(Gdf2), on metabolic and fibrotic functions in the SMG and SLG. We demonstrated that iSMGCs and iSLGCs presented promising adipogenic and fibrotic responses upon BMP9/Gdf2 stimulation. Thus, our findings indicate that iSMGCs and iSLGCs faithfully reproduce characteristics of SMG and SLG cells and present a promising prospect for use in future study of salivary gland metabolism and fibrosis upon BMP9/Gdf2 stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Fibrosis; Growth Differentiation Factor 2; Mammals; Mice; Salivary Glands; Sublingual Gland
PubMed: 35690719
DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00333-9 -
Journal of Dental Research Dec 2019The salivary complex of mammals consists of 3 major pairs of glands: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. While the 3 glands share similar functional...
The salivary complex of mammals consists of 3 major pairs of glands: the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. While the 3 glands share similar functional properties, such as saliva secretion, their differences are largely based on the types of secretions they produce. While recent studies have begun to shed light on the underlying molecular differences among the glands, few have examined the global transcriptional repertoire over various stages of gland maturation. To better elucidate the molecular nature of the parotid gland, we have performed RNA sequencing to generate comprehensive and global gene expression profiles of this gland at different stages of maturation. Our transcriptomic characterization and hierarchical clustering analysis with adult organ RNA sequencing data sets has identified a number of molecular players and pathways that are relevant for parotid gland biology. Moreover, our detailed analysis has revealed a unique parotid gland-specific gene signature that may represent important players that could impart parotid gland-specific biological properties. To complement our transcriptomic studies, we have performed single-cell RNA sequencing to map the transcriptomes of parotid epithelial cells. Interrogation of the single-cell transcriptomes revealed the degree of molecular and cellular heterogeneity of the various epithelial cell types within the parotid gland. Moreover, we uncovered a mixed-lineage population of cells that may reflect molecular priming of differentiation potentials. Overall our comprehensive studies provide a powerful tool for the discovery of novel molecular players important in parotid gland biology.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Parotid Gland; Single-Cell Analysis; Transcriptome
PubMed: 31623513
DOI: 10.1177/0022034519882355 -
Molecular and Clinical Oncology Oct 2020The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT)...
The aim of the present study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) with that of conventional imaging studies (CIS), such as CT or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in the clinical diagnosis and staging of submandibular and sublingual salivary gland tumors. In addition, the data obtained were used to evaluate the significance of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in diagnosing benign or malignant lesions. For the present study, 18 patients with submandibular or sublingual neoplasms underwent F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging with accompanying CT or MRI. The diagnostic values from 43 F-18 FDG PET/CT scans and 28 CIS of the 18 patients were compared to the gold standard histopathological and/or cytopathological diagnosis. The results demonstrated that the diagnostic accuracy for predicting primary tumors was similar between F-18 FDG PET/CT and CIS. By contrast, PET/CT imaging was more accurate in detecting lymph node metastasis compared with CT or MRI (95.4 vs. 66.7%). F-18 FDG PET/CT had a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 97.1%, whereas CT or MRI had a sensitivity of 54.5% and a specificity of 75.0%. F-18 FDG PET/CT also enabled screening for distant metastasis, as observed in 10 cases in the present study. Furthermore, there were no significant differences in SUVmax between benign or malignant salivary gland lesions, as high glucose metabolism was also observed in benign tumors. In conclusion, F-18 FDG PET/CT provides more accurate diagnostic information for the evaluation of submandibular and sublingual salivary gland tumors as compared with CIS in terms of lymph node and distant metastasis.
PubMed: 32765874
DOI: 10.3892/mco.2020.2097 -
Annals of Maxillofacial Surgery 2021Sublingual salivary gland tumours are very rare but are mostly malignant. As very limited literature is available, we present a rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma...
RATIONALE
Sublingual salivary gland tumours are very rare but are mostly malignant. As very limited literature is available, we present a rare case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of sublingual salivary gland.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A56-year-old female presented with an asymptomatic swelling of 15-year duration in the floor of the mouth and chin region.
DIAGNOSIS
Mandibular occlusal view, computed tomography scan, and ultrasonogram revealed calcification and the tumour to be of salivary origin. Incisional biopsy showed clear cell changes.
TREATMENT
The sublingual and submandibular salivary gland along with the associated nodes was excised through transoral approach with midline osteotomy.
OUTCOMES
The histopathologic diagnosis of excised specimen was "Intermediate grade MEC" with clear cell changes, stromal hyalinization, and local invasion. The patient was followed up for 12 months, and there was no evidence of any recurrence.
TAKEAWAY LESSONS
Sublingual salivary gland malignancies show early invasion and a higher rate of metastases, thus requiring a vigilant intervention.
PubMed: 34522681
DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_252_20 -
Acta Histochemica Et Cytochemica Jun 2014In the major salivary glands of mice, acinar cells in the parotid gland (PG) are known to be the main site for the production of the digestive enzyme α-amylase, whereas...
In the major salivary glands of mice, acinar cells in the parotid gland (PG) are known to be the main site for the production of the digestive enzyme α-amylase, whereas α-amylase production in the submandibular gland (SMG) and sublingual gland (SLG), as well as the cell types responsible for α-amylase production, has been less firmly established. To clarify this issue, we examined the expression and localization of both the mRNA and protein of α-amylase in the major salivary glands of male and female mice by quantitative and histochemical methods. α-amylase mRNA levels were higher in the order of PG, SMG, and SLG. No sexual difference was observed in α-amylase mRNA levels in the PG and SLG, whereas α-amylase mRNA levels in the female SMG were approximately 30% those in the male SMG. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, signals for α-amylase mRNA and protein were found to be strongly positive in acinar cells of the PG, serous demilune cells of the SLG, and granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the male SMG, weakly positive in seromucous acinar cells of the male and female SMG, and negative in mucous acinar cells of the SLG. These results clarified that α-amylase is produced mainly by GCT cells and partly by acinar cells in the SMG, whereas it is produced exclusively by serous demilune cells in the SLG of mice.
PubMed: 25320406
DOI: 10.1267/ahc.14005 -
Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Aug 2023Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare and complicated clinical disease entity newly identified in recent years. It is a chronic inflammatory disease...
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a rare and complicated clinical disease entity newly identified in recent years. It is a chronic inflammatory disease mediated by the immune system that can affect various organs throughout the body, such as the pancreas, salivary gland (submandibular gland, parotid gland, and sublingual gland), lacrimal gland, and thyroid gland. In rare cases, it involves sinuses and orbits. We describe a 44-year-old patient who was hospitalized with distension and pain in her right eye. The lesions included the nasal sinus and orbit. IgG4-RD was diagnosed after surgery and the patient was treated without complications. This case report helps to provide clinicians with additional information to assist in the diagnosis of the disease.
PubMed: 37596946
DOI: 10.1177/01455613231193559 -
Journal of the Korean Association of... Feb 2022Ductal papillomas are rare benign lesions of the salivary glands with two distinctive types, intraductal and inverted. The rarest anatomical location where intraductal...
Ductal papillomas are rare benign lesions of the salivary glands with two distinctive types, intraductal and inverted. The rarest anatomical location where intraductal papillomas occur is the major salivary glands. In the present study, we report an intraductal papilloma of the left sublingual gland with the relevant clinical, imaging, and histopathological findings and postoperative follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the fourth case of an intraductal papilloma of a sublingual gland to be reported in the international literature. We present this rare case because of its clinical and radiological imitation of a ranula.
PubMed: 35221308
DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2022.48.1.59