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European Review For Medical and... Jan 2015Excessive exposure of the skin to sunlight can lead to many negative effects, such as sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer development. Pollution and stratospheric ozone... (Review)
Review
Excessive exposure of the skin to sunlight can lead to many negative effects, such as sunburn, photoaging and skin cancer development. Pollution and stratospheric ozone layer depletion are factors that increase exposure to ultraviolet radiation. This work is an accurate summary of the current state of knowledge on broad-spectrum photoprotection. Avoiding the sun, skin protection through the use of protective clothing and protective filters are currently the most effective methods of sunscreen provided that they are suitably used. In addition, discussed are controversial issues such as the toxicity of zinc used in sunscreen preparations and the potential for deficiency of vitamin D3 in relation with the application of strict photoprotection. The study has also addressed issues concerning the most recent lines of research in the exploration of modern methods of photoprotection both local and systemic, such as with the use of photolyase or examination of various enzymes repairing damage after sun exposure, as well as the promising future in photoprotection technology.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Radiation Protection; Skin; Sunburn; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 25635982
DOI: No ID Found -
Gaceta Medica de Mexico 2021To know the prevalence of sun exposure and protection behaviors in a group of adolescents and to compare them with a group of adults in Mexico City. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To know the prevalence of sun exposure and protection behaviors in a group of adolescents and to compare them with a group of adults in Mexico City.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Descriptive, cross-sectional study in students aged 16 to 18 years and in adults older than 18 years.
RESULTS
Seven-hundred and forty-eight students were surveyed; 60 % were females and 40 % males; 90 % seek shade, 70.1 % avoid exposing themselves to the sun from 10.00 to 16.00 hours and 30.6 % use sunscreen. Out of 620 adults, 67.5 % were women and 32.4 % were men; 82.6 % seek shade, 60.2 % avoid the sun from 10.00 to 16.00 hours and 48.1% use sunscreen; 72.9 % of adults and 80.8 % of adolescents are exposed to the sun due to domestic activities.
DISCUSSION
There is a similar trend in sun protection and exposure behaviors in adolescents and adults. The prevalence of sunscreen use in adults is high in comparison with adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Behavior; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Radiation Protection; Students; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Time Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 34270529
DOI: 10.24875/GMM.M21000536 -
Archives of Dermatological Research Aug 2020Given the increased risk for another occurrence of melanoma among melanoma survivors, safe sun behaviors are important. Little data exist about differences in sun... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Given the increased risk for another occurrence of melanoma among melanoma survivors, safe sun behaviors are important. Little data exist about differences in sun behaviors among melanoma survivors residing in urban versus rural communities. We wanted to describe differences in sun exposure and protection behaviors by urban/rural status among melanoma survivors. We conducted a secondary data analysis of 724 melanoma survivors who participated in a cross-sectional survey. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models assessed urban versus rural differences in sun exposure and protection behaviors. Unadjusted analyses showed evidence that urban melanoma survivors spent less time in the sun on weekdays and were more likely to use sunscreen, however, these differences disappeared when adjusting for confounding factors. Our study provides little evidence that rurality is an independent risk factor for worse sun protection behaviors in melanoma survivors after accounting for sociodemographic differences, but rurality as a broader term may be partially defined by urban versus rural sociodemographic differences. Skin health messaging to rural melanoma survivors should emphasize on ways to protect oneself from UV radiation even when spending time outside.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Survival Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; Urban Population
PubMed: 31845013
DOI: 10.1007/s00403-019-02023-7 -
The Journal of Primary Prevention Oct 2018The incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide, mostly because of increasing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The Sun Exposure and Protection...
The incidence of skin cancer is increasing worldwide, mostly because of increasing exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The Sun Exposure and Protection Index (SEPI) questionnaire, developed in Linköping and validated in Sweden and Australia, is used to map sun habits, sun protection behaviour, and readiness to increase sun protection. We sought to examine differences in sun habits or sun protection behaviour and propensity to increase sun protection, based on SEPI as related to self-estimated skin UV sensitivity according to the Fitzpatrick classification. The study population comprised students at Linköping University, who were asked to complete the SEPI questionnaire. We examined differences in sun habits and sun protection behaviour according to skin type and gender. Individuals with lower UV sensitivity had significantly riskier sun habits and sun protection behaviour and were significantly less likely to increase sun protection. Women spent significantly more time tanning than men, more time in the midday sun, used sunscreen more frequently, and were more likely to seek the shade for sun protection. Individuals with higher UV sensitivity were significantly more likely to increase sun protection; individuals with low UV sensitivity tended to have a riskier attitude to sunbathing. In conclusion, self-estimated skin type and gender are important factors influencing sun exposure habits and sun protection behaviour.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Female; Habits; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiation Exposure; Self Report; Skin; Sunbathing; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweden; Young Adult
PubMed: 30117029
DOI: 10.1007/s10935-018-0520-0 -
The British Journal of Dermatology Feb 2021Individual studies have suggested that the association between occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the development of keratinocyte cancers... (Review)
Review
Individual studies have suggested that the association between occupational exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and the development of keratinocyte cancers (KCs) may only be valid in populations of European ancestry living in certain geographical regions. Comparative global data are scarce and so this review aimed to summarize current evidence on the association between occupational exposure to solar UVR and the development of KCs, with a specific focus on geographical location and skin colour. Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were searched for potentially relevant records. Extracted data were summarized by study, country and region. We included one prospective cohort study and 18 case-control studies (n = 15 233) from 12 countries in regions where the majority of the population is white skinned (Americas, Europe and Oceania). Eighteen of the 19 studies reported effect estimates suggesting an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and/or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among outdoor workers. Only 11 studies found a significantly increased risk and many had imprecise estimates. There was a significantly increased risk of BCC and SCC in individual studies in North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, Western Europe and Southern Europe, but not across regions or countries. Overall, 95% of studies reported higher risks among outdoor workers, although the increases in risk were statistically significant in just over half of the studies. Well-designed and sufficiently powered occupational case-control and cohort studies with adequate adjustment for confounding factors and other risk factors are required to provide more accurate risk estimates for occupational KC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Basal Cell; Caribbean Region; Europe; Humans; Keratinocytes; North America; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Prospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Sunlight; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32320481
DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19152 -
PloS One 2022Although overexposure to ultraviolet radiation may lead to skin cancer, inadequate exposure results in vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We explored vitamin D-related...
INTRODUCTION
Although overexposure to ultraviolet radiation may lead to skin cancer, inadequate exposure results in vitamin D deficiency (VDD). We explored vitamin D-related knowledge and sun exposure practices among Sri Lankan healthcare undergraduates.
METHODS
The sampling frame consisted of medical and allied health undergraduates in a single centre. A newly developed, pre-piloted, self-administered questionnaire collected data on vitamin D knowledge, sun avoidance behaviour and outdoor time. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis examined the factors related to outdoor time.
RESULTS
A total of 482 were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) vitamin D knowledge score (0-100% scale) was 31.3% (18%). Only 17.8% scored ≥50% for knowledge. At least one sun avoidance measure was used by 59.3% of the undergraduates. A lower knowledge score was observed with a higher number of sun-avoidance behaviour (mean difference 0.84, p = 0.03). The majority (66%) spent outdoors <30 minutes per day between 9 am-3 pm. The odds of having low outdoor time were 1.6 higher for the female sex (OR:1.61, 95%CI:1.039, 2.492, p<0.001) and studying in the final year (OR:1.63, 95%CI:1.020, 2.602, p = 0.04). Medical students had a higher likelihood of low outdoor time (OR:0.55, 95%CI: 0.361, 0.835, p = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS
The healthcare undergraduates had low vitamin D knowledge and outdoor time while having increased sun avoidance. Gender, course of study, and academic year appeared to affect outdoor time. Support and guidance should improve knowledge and sun exposure habits that suit academic work and lifestyle in this population. Also, universities can actively promote positive sun exposure by organizing outdoor events.
Topics: Humans; Female; Vitamin D; Ultraviolet Rays; Sunlight; Sri Lanka; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Surveys and Questionnaires; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 36574411
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279480 -
Vision Research Mar 2022We performed spectrophotometric measurements of skin reflectance at four body locations (forehead, cheek, neck, and back of hand), before and after two weeks of sun...
We performed spectrophotometric measurements of skin reflectance at four body locations (forehead, cheek, neck, and back of hand), before and after two weeks of sun exposure, for 103 first-year college students. Skin reflectance was measured twice at each body location, before and after two weeks of sun exposure, obtaining an average repeatability (mean color difference from the mean) in the range of 0.2-0.5 CIELAB units (D65 illuminant, CIE 1931 standard observer). However, the average skin color differences before and after two weeks of sun exposure were in the range of 3.6-3.9 CIELAB units, considerably higher than measured repeatability, as a consequence of suntanning. Skin color appearance variation was analyzed in the CIELAB color space, and it was found that at all body locations two weeks of sun exposure made lightness L and hue-angle h significantly decrease, a and chroma C significantly increase, and b shows no statistically significant changes (except for h at the forehead and cheek, and for a at the forehead where no statistically significant changes were found). An W shape for skin spectral reflectance between 520 nm and 600 nm was found at some of the four measured body locations. It was found that the individual typological angle (ITA) defined from L and b performed well in predicting our measured data and a modification of ITA using L and C performed even better, with the measured L as reference. The color shifts produced by two weeks of sun exposure in different planes of CIELAB were analyzed for the skin categories established by the ITA index, and compared with the control group data accumulated by Amano et al. (PLoS ONE. 15(12), e0233816)(PLoS ONE 15(2020) e0233816). The measured skin spectra can be useful to the skin color database currently being developed by CIE TC 1-92.
Topics: Color; Hand; Humans; Skin Pigmentation; Sunlight
PubMed: 34890929
DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2021.107976 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022People who practice outdoor sports have an increased risk of skin cancer as they are exposed to high doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Recent studies have shown that...
People who practice outdoor sports have an increased risk of skin cancer as they are exposed to high doses of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Recent studies have shown that in many athletes, sun protection behaviours are inadequate, with the risk that this entails. The aim of this review is to collect the information published to date about the knowledge, attitudes and habits of athletes in relation to sun exposure and its risks. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and Embase with the search algorithm "(skin cancer OR melanoma) AND (exercise OR sport OR athletes)". All studies analysing the knowledge, attitudes and habits of photoprotection in athletes were included. A total of 2,365 publications were found, of which 23 were selected, including a total of 10,445 sportspeople. The majority of participants declared their voluntary intention to tan and stated that the sun made them feel better, although they also showed concern about possible damage associated with UV radiation. In most studies, less than half of the participants made adequate use of photoprotective measures. In general, most athletes had a high level of knowledge regarding the risk of skin cancer associated with sun exposure. In conclusion, most athletes are aware of the risks associated with UV radiation but do not make adequate use of photoprotective cream. New training programs on photoprotection could help improve athletes' photoprotective behaviour, reducing the incidence of skin cancer and precancerous lesions in this population.
Topics: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Melanoma; Skin Neoplasms; Sunburn; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 36011808
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610175 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jan 1990Exposure to sunlight can produce both acute and long-term effects. Acute changes include erythema, photosensitivity, and immunologic alterations. Long-term consequences... (Review)
Review
Exposure to sunlight can produce both acute and long-term effects. Acute changes include erythema, photosensitivity, and immunologic alterations. Long-term consequences include carcinogenesis and photoaging. All effects can be minimized by photoprotection. This article reviews the adverse effects of sun exposure and strategies to reduce photodamage.
Topics: Humans; Skin Aging; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 2405022
DOI: 10.1016/0190-9622(90)70001-x -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Dec 2019Sun exposure increases skin cancer risk. Studies have shown that demographic factors influence sun safety behaviour but there is a paucity of such data in Singapore. We...
INTRODUCTION
Sun exposure increases skin cancer risk. Studies have shown that demographic factors influence sun safety behaviour but there is a paucity of such data in Singapore. We aimed to identify sociodemographic predictors of sun safety habits in Singapore.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 2328 adults participated in a cross-sectional survey on time spent under the sun and sun safety habits (using protective headgear, body attire, umbrellas and sunscreens). A composite Sun Protection Score (higher scores represented better habits [range, 0-15]) and the average daily hours (ADH) of sun exposure were derived from the data. The relationship between the Sun Protection Score and ADH of sun exposure with sociodemographic factors was analysed using univariate (Mann-Whitney U or Kruskal-Wallis tests), multiple linear and logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The following statistically significant variables predicted a lower Sun Protection Score: men (β = -1.48, <0.001), Indians (β = -1.04, <0.001), history of diabetes (β = -0.60, = 0.007) and people who do not consume alcohol (β = 0.31, = 0.03). Younger adults (β = -0.2, <0.001), men (β = 0.80, <0.001), darker skin type (β = 0.27, <0.001) and lower education level (β = -0.18, <0.001) were statistically significant variables that predicted a longer ADH of sun exposure.
CONCLUSION
The study has identified sociodemographic predictors of sun safety habits in Singapore.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Habits; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Singapore; Skin Neoplasms; Socioeconomic Factors; Sunlight; Sunscreening Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32112066
DOI: No ID Found