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Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Apr 2012
Topics: Commerce; Ethics; Fathers; Female; Humans; Mothers; Pregnancy; Surrogate Mothers
PubMed: 22562335
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.12.0260 -
Fertility and Sterility Aug 2019
Topics: Adult; Directive Counseling; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Surrogate Mothers; Turner Syndrome
PubMed: 31352961
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.06.003 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... Oct 2022Reproductive medicine has been significantly impacted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and this includes the gestational carrier (GC) process. The objectives of...
Reproductive medicine has been significantly impacted by the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, and this includes the gestational carrier (GC) process. The objectives of this commentary are to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the GC process, as well to communicate Shady Grove Fertility's considerations of and response to COVID-19 on the GC process to the larger assisted reproductive technology (ART) community. We also gathered conclusions drawn from available data on the impact of COVID-19 infection on maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality as well as on counseling patients on vaccination. We compiled proposals to mitigate risk and to maximize safe evaluation and treatment for GCs during the ongoing pandemic. Over 2 years after the onset of the pandemic, the multiple resurgences of cases in the USA have necessitated nimble strategies to provide ongoing and safe reproductive care and have posed unique challenges to the GC process. With the prospect of the virus continuing to spread globally well into the future, as healthcare professionals of the ART community, we will need to ensure effective collaboration and communication as we provide care during the ongoing pandemic.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant, Newborn; Humans; COVID-19; Pandemics; Surrogate Mothers; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Health Personnel
PubMed: 36152113
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02622-w -
Iranian Journal of Reproductive Medicine Jul 2014Surrogacy is one of the new techniques of assisted reproduction technology in which a woman carries and bears a child for another woman. In Iran, many Shia clerics and...
BACKGROUND
Surrogacy is one of the new techniques of assisted reproduction technology in which a woman carries and bears a child for another woman. In Iran, many Shia clerics and jurists considered it permissible so there is no religious prohibition for it. In addition to the risk of physical complications for complete surrogate mothers, the possibility of psychological complications resulted from emotional attachment to a living creature in the surrogate mother as another injury requires counseling and assessment prior to acceptance by infertile couples and complete surrogate mothers.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to assess the emotional experiences of surrogate mothers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a qualitative, phenomenological study. We selected eight complete surrogate mothers in Isfahan. We used convenient sampling method and in-depth interview to collect the information. The data analysis was fulfilled via Colaizzi's seven-stage method. Reliability and validity study of the roots in the four-axis was done.
RESULTS
The findings of these interviews were classified into two main themes and four sub themes: acquired experiences in pregnancy (feelings toward pregnancy, relationship with family, relatives and commissioning couple) and consequences of surrogacy (complications of pregnancy, religious and financial problems of surrogacy).
CONCLUSION
Surrogacy pregnancy should be considered as high-risk emotional experience because many of surrogate mothers may face negative experiences. Therefore, it is recommended that surrogates should receive professional counseling prior to, during and following pregnancy.
PubMed: 25114669
DOI: No ID Found -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2005The insights of ethology-the science of animal behavior from a biological and psychological point of view-were incorporated in the 1950s by the British developmental... (Review)
Review
The insights of ethology-the science of animal behavior from a biological and psychological point of view-were incorporated in the 1950s by the British developmental psychiatrist, John Bowlby, into his attachment theory, which argued that a secure affective base in infancy was critical to the normal development of perception, cognition, learning, and emotion, in addition to that of physical parameters. The theory was illustrated by Harlow's pioneering experiments with baby monkeys: those raised with a wire-frame "mother" failed to thrive, compared with the more normal development of those deriving comfort contact from a terry-cloth surrogate. Modern neuroscience techniques have confirmed that the absence of sensory stimulation during periods of maximal synaptic expansion provides the substrate for a subsequent mood disorder. Ethology offers a novel "nature plus nurture" approach to the development of abnormal mood, as well as a target for treatment.
Topics: Affect; Animals; Brain; Ethology; Humans; Imprinting, Psychological; Mood Disorders; Phylogeny
PubMed: 16156380
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2005.7.3/bcyrulnik -
Yonsei Medical Journal Jun 1990The new reproductive technologies such as IVF, GIFT, ZIFT, and micromanipulation have had a profound influence on the therapeutic and diagnostic management of... (Review)
Review
The new reproductive technologies such as IVF, GIFT, ZIFT, and micromanipulation have had a profound influence on the therapeutic and diagnostic management of infertility, and in turn have resulted in better understanding of human fertilization and embryo development. While the clinical pregnancy rates in GIFT and ZIFT procedures are comparable to the natural fecundity in the population at large, pregnancy rates in IVF have been generally lower. Further investigations should be directed to improve the implantation rates, and to develop better controlled methods of multiple follicle development. Although more studies are needed, a recent report of potential utilization of nonstimulated oocytes for donor programs as well as IVF-cryopreservation was a promising new development (Cha et al. 1989). Other exciting prospects on the horizon are the possibilities of gene transfer for the treatment of certain genetic diseases and diagnostic applications of embryonal biopsy. These new technologies have also generated serious ethical and legal issues. Any ethical or legal guidelines affecting new reproductive technologies should be developed to protect all participants only when the need for regulation is clear. Ethical guidelines and appropriate legislations with contributions from the medical and scientific community are gradually being established worldwide.
Topics: Cryopreservation; Embryo Transfer; Ethics, Medical; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer; Humans; Legislation as Topic; Pregnancy; Registries; Surrogate Mothers
PubMed: 2219978
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.1990.31.2.91 -
Economy and Society 2018The desire for genetically related children is driving an exponential rise in assisted reproductive service provision worldwide, including the Global South. In India,...
The desire for genetically related children is driving an exponential rise in assisted reproductive service provision worldwide, including the Global South. In India, the number of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) clinics has more than doubled over the past three years. This expansion has been accompanied by a similarly explosive growth in populist narratives that assert that one of the services offered by such clinics, commercial gestational surrogacy (CGS), is a form of labour that is so exceptional(ly) exploitative it should be banned. Provocative headlines proclaiming that surrogates are 'Renting their wombs' and 'Pimping their pregnancies' fuel such assertions, suggesting that surrogates become reduced to mere wombs, vessels for carrying the offspring of entitled and wealthy foreigners. Although superficially compelling, such arguments fail to withstand detailed interrogation. Utilizing insights from anthropology, the history of science and law and bringing to bear the findings of extended fieldwork in Mumbai, Jaipur and Delhi, I critically analyse three assertions made in relation to surrogacy: that it is (i) a particularly intimate or invasive form of bodily exploitation; (ii) a uniquely sacralized form of affective labour and (iii) a uniquely generative form of labour. In arguing against exceptionalism, I contend that such practices cannot be adjudged through application of universal ethical principles and norms, but rather must take account of the complexity of the lived experience of all the participants, placed in their sociological and geographical contexts.
PubMed: 30147448
DOI: 10.1080/03085147.2018.1487180 -
Fertility and Sterility Sep 2015The role of mental health professionals (MHPs) in third-party reproduction has grown and evolved in service to patient care and the needs of medical infertility... (Review)
Review
The role of mental health professionals (MHPs) in third-party reproduction has grown and evolved in service to patient care and the needs of medical infertility practices. The need for mental health evaluation and psychoeducation has increased as the psychosocial considerations for the stakeholders and families created through gamete donation and surrogacy are increasingly understood and considered. The conflicting definitions of these roles of evaluation and psychoeducation often leave MHPs in the role of de facto ethical gatekeepers in third-party reproduction. Both the medical team and the MHP need to clarify their role effectively, for themselves, as well as any intended parent.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Cooperative Behavior; Counseling; Donor Selection; Female; Fertility; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Infant Welfare; Infant, Newborn; Infertility; Interdisciplinary Communication; Male; Mental Health; Oocyte Donation; Parents; Patient Care Team; Patient Education as Topic; Physician's Role; Pregnancy; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Surrogate Mothers; Tissue Donors; United States
PubMed: 26171997
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.06.023 -
Prenatal Diagnosis Feb 2021Due to the maternally-inherited nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), there is a lack of information regarding fetal mtDNA in the plasma of pregnant women. We aim to...
OBJECTIVES
Due to the maternally-inherited nature of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), there is a lack of information regarding fetal mtDNA in the plasma of pregnant women. We aim to explore the presence and topologic forms of circulating fetal and maternal mtDNA molecules in surrogate pregnancies.
METHODS
Genotypic differences between fetal and surrogate maternal mtDNA were used to identify the fetal and maternal mtDNA molecules in plasma. Plasma samples were obtained from the surrogate pregnant mothers. Using cleavage-end signatures of BfaI restriction enzyme, linear and circular mtDNA molecules in maternal plasma could be differentiated.
RESULTS
Fetal-derived mtDNA molecules were mainly linear (median: 88%; range: 80%-96%), whereas approximately half of the maternal-derived mtDNA molecules were circular (median: 51%; range: 42%-60%). The fetal DNA fraction of linear mtDNA was lower (median absolute difference: 9.8%; range: 1.1%-27%) than that of nuclear DNA (median: 20%; range: 9.7%-35%). The fetal-derived linear mtDNA molecules were shorter than the maternal-derived ones.
CONCLUSION
Fetal mtDNA is present in maternal plasma, and consists mainly of linear molecules. Surrogate pregnancies represent a valuable clinical scenario for exploring the biology and potential clinical applications of circulating mtDNA, for example, for pregnancies conceived following mitochondrial replacement therapy.
Topics: Adult; DNA, Mitochondrial; Female; Fetus; Humans; Maternal Inheritance; Moscow; Plasma; Pregnancy; Surrogate Mothers
PubMed: 33140416
DOI: 10.1002/pd.5860 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Nov 1990
Topics: Chimera; Cloning, Organism; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Genetic Engineering; Germany; Government Regulation; Human Experimentation; Humans; Jurisprudence; Legislation as Topic; Politics; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Sex Determination Analysis; Social Control, Formal; Surrogate Mothers
PubMed: 11642803
DOI: No ID Found