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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Oct 2009
Review
Topics: Acute Disease; Aortic Dissection; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation; Humans; Italy; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19766815
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.07.008 -
Global Heart Jun 2016The FINRISK risk calculator predicts 10-year risk for coronary heart disease, stroke incidence, and their combination. The model is based on 10-year cohort follow-up... (Review)
Review
The FINRISK risk calculator predicts 10-year risk for coronary heart disease, stroke incidence, and their combination. The model is based on 10-year cohort follow-up from 3 different cohorts in 1982, 1987, and 1992 from a random population sample in 3 areas in Finland. Coronary heart disease, stroke, and their combination are predicted by smoking, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, and family history. The Internet-based calculator is commonly used in Finland in health services to assess the need for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia treatment and is used also in patients' counseling.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Coronary Disease; Finland; Forecasting; Humans; Incidence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Stroke; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27242089
DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.04.007 -
Indian Heart Journal 2017Air pollution is a significant environmental and health hazard. Earlier studies had examined the adverse health effects associated with short- and long-term exposure to...
Air pollution is a significant environmental and health hazard. Earlier studies had examined the adverse health effects associated with short- and long-term exposure to particulate matter on respiratory disease. However, later studies demonstrated that was actually cardiovascular disease that accounted for majority of mortality. Furthermore, it was not gaseous pollutants like oxides of nitrate, sulfur, carbon mono-oxide or ozone but the particulate matter or PM, of fine or coarse size (PM and PM) which was linearly associated with mortality; PM with long term and PM with short term. Several cardiovascular diseases are associated with pollution; acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, atherosclerosis and cardiac arrest. The ideal way to address this problem is by adhering to stringent environmental standards of pollutants but some individual steps like choosing to stay indoors (on high pollution days), reducing outdoor air permeation to inside, purifying indoor air using air filters, and also limiting outdoor physical activity near source of air pollution can help. Nutritional anti-oxidants like statins or Mediterranean diet, and aspirin have not been associated with reduced risk but specific nutritional agents like broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower or brussels sprouts, fish oil supplement may help. Use of face-mask has been controversial but may be useful if particulate matter load is higher.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution; Cardiovascular Diseases; Environmental Exposure; Female; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Male; Smog; Socioeconomic Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 28822504
DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2017.07.016 -
Annals of the Academy of Medicine,... Nov 2019The elderly patient presenting with an acute surgical abdomen or bowel obstruction has become a common and challenging situation. These patients bring comorbidity and... (Review)
Review
The elderly patient presenting with an acute surgical abdomen or bowel obstruction has become a common and challenging situation. These patients bring comorbidity and frailty that necessitate appropriate risk assessment and comprehensive perioperative management. Robust communication is required between patients, families and health professions. The Australia and New Zealand Emergency Laparotomy Audit-Quality Improvement (ANZELA-QI) study is based on the United Kingdom's National Emergency Laparotomy Audit (NELA) and will gather large scale data, providing hospital-level information to enable clinicians to reduce variation in management. Successful management of the elderly laparotomy patient requires close coordination between surgeons, anaesthetists and physicians. The ANZELA-QI study will help establish the role of collaborative models of care and the need for perioperative care teams.
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Aged; Emergencies; Emergency Service, Hospital; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Laparotomy; Quality Improvement; Risk Assessment; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31960019
DOI: No ID Found -
Bundesgesundheitsblatt,... Oct 2022Lay resuscitation is one of the most important measures to increase the survival rate of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. While European countries, and... (Review)
Review
Lay resuscitation is one of the most important measures to increase the survival rate of patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. While European countries, and especially Scandinavian countries, achieve lay resuscitation rates of over 80%, the rate in Germany is only around 40%. The 2021 Resuscitation Guidelines updated by the European Resuscitation Council give special weight to Systems Saving Lives and focus on resuscitation by laypersons. The Systems Saving Lives emphasize the interplay between all actors involved in the chain of survival and thereby specify the link between the emergency service and the general population.Based on the BIG FIVE survival strategies after cardiac arrest, five key strategies are outlined that can achieve the greatest improvement in survival. These are (1) increasing lay resuscitation rates through campaigns and KIDS SAVE LIVES school-based resuscitation training, (2) implementing telephone resuscitation in dispatch centers, (3) first responder systems, (4) advanced life support, and (5) specialized cardiac arrest centers.
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Emergency Medical Services; Germany; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Survival Rate
PubMed: 35723698
DOI: 10.1007/s00103-022-03557-4 -
Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal Aug 2023This study aimed to explore real-world data on the long-term survival of cancer patients using historical records from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to explore real-world data on the long-term survival of cancer patients using historical records from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Programme. Long-term survival is an important endpoint in the management of different malignancies. It is rarely assessed due to the unfeasibility of follow-up for a long duration of time. Besides reporting the five-year relative survival, the 10- and 20-year survival rates for different types of cancers were analysed. Additionally, survival trends as a function of time, age and tumour type were reviewed and reported.
METHODS
The study used SEER*Stat (Version 8.3.6.1) for data acquisition from the SEER 9 Regs (November 2019) database. Data from patients diagnosed with cancer between 1975 and 2014 were retrieved and included in the analysis.
RESULTS
For patients diagnosed with any malignant disease (N = 4,412,024), there was a significant increase in median overall survival over time ( <0.001). The 20-, 10-, and 5-year survival rates were higher in solid tumours compared to haematological malignancies (50.8% versus 38%; 57% versus 47.4%; and 62.2% versus 57.4%, respectively). The highest 20-year relative survival rates were observed in thyroid cancer (95.2%), germ cell and trophoblastic neoplasms (90.3%), melanoma (86.8%), Wilms' tumour (86.2%) and prostate cancer (83.5%).
CONCLUSION
Long-term follow-up data were suggestive of high 20-year relative survival rates for most tumour types. Relative survival showed an improving trend over time, especially in solid tumours.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 37655083
DOI: 10.18295/squmj.1.2023.002 -
Survival Rate of 3-unit Fixed Partial Dentures Replacing First Molars: A Retrospective Cohort Study.The Bulletin of Tokyo Dental College Jan 2023Fixed partial dentures (FPDs) made of 12% Au-Pd alloy are covered under Japan's national health insurance system. The survival rate of such 3-unit fixed FPDs remains...
Fixed partial dentures (FPDs) made of 12% Au-Pd alloy are covered under Japan's national health insurance system. The survival rate of such 3-unit fixed FPDs remains unknown, however. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess their survival rate in the replacement of first molars. A total of 140 FPDs were included, and the endpoint was removal of an FPD. During the observation period, 43 FPDs were removed. The FPD survival rate was 70.2% at 10 yr, 58.2% at 15 yr, and 42.1% at 20 yr according to the Kaplan-Meier method. The estimated mean survival period was 19.4 yr. The main reasons for FPD loss were dental caries (27.9%), separation from the abutment tooth (18.6%), and pulpitis (18.6%). Single factor analysis using the log-rank test showed that two factors influenced FPD survival: a smaller gonial angle and deep pockets around the abutment teeth. This effect was not statistically significant in either case, however (p>0.05). The present results suggest that the prevention of caries and of the separation of the dentures from the abutment teeth are important factors in the long-term survival of FPDs.
Topics: Humans; Dental Abutments; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration Failure; Denture Design; Denture, Partial, Fixed; Molar; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 36384758
DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.2022-0009 -
International Journal of Cardiology Apr 2017Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis develop both structural and functional cardiovascular abnormalities. Despite improvement of dialysis technology,... (Review)
Review
Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis develop both structural and functional cardiovascular abnormalities. Despite improvement of dialysis technology, cardiovascular mortality of this population remains high. The pathophysiological mechanisms of these changes are complex and not well understood. It has been postulated that several non-traditional, uremic-related risk factors, especially the long-term uremic state, which may affect the cardiovascular system. There are many cardiovascular changes that occur in chronic kidney disease including left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, microvascular disease, accelerated atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis. These structural and functional changes in patients receiving chronic dialysis make them more susceptible to myocardial ischemia. Hemodialysis itself may adversely affect the cardiovascular system due to non-physiologic fluid removal, leading to hemodynamic instability and initiation of systemic inflammation. In the past decade there has been growing awareness that pathophysiological mechanisms cause cardiovascular dysfunction in patients on chronic dialysis, and there are now pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies that may improve the poor quality of life and high mortality rate that these patients experience.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Management; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Renal Dialysis; Risk Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 28108129
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.01.015 -
Zhejiang Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Jan 2018Evaluating and monitoring long-term survival of cancer patients and reporting the survival rate are routinely employed by cancer registries. Long-term survival rate is a... (Review)
Review
Evaluating and monitoring long-term survival of cancer patients and reporting the survival rate are routinely employed by cancer registries. Long-term survival rate is a necessary indicator in evaluating the effect of cancer therapy and cancer burden. Cohort method is a traditional approach for survival analysis, but it essentially reflects the survival expectations of patients diagnosed many years ago, therefore survival status of cancer patients was often disclosed with delay. Given the limitation of cohort method, period analysis and model-based period analysis are subsequently proposed and gradually applied in assessment of survival rates in recent years. Period analysis includes the patients of interest period, which reflects more up-to-date estimates of long-term survival of cancer patients. While model-based period analysis can use the existing data to calculate survival rates and to assess the trend, and predict survival rates in the future. Compared with cohort approach, period analysis and model-based period analysis are better in timeliness and precision in survival analysis. This article reviews the definition and theory, calculation and application of cohort method, period analysis and model-based period analysis, in order to provide a basis on up-to-date and precise assessment of survival rates of cancer patients.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Humans; Neoplasms; Registries; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 30146819
DOI: 10.3785/j.issn.1008-9292.2018.02.15 -
Singapore Medical Journal Jul 2020
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Global Health; Humans; Morbidity; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Public Health; SARS-CoV-2; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32299184
DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2020060