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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis &... Nov 2019We present a composite endpoint that can be used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) trials, which combines functional status (via the ALS functional rating scale)...
We present a composite endpoint that can be used in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) trials, which combines functional status (via the ALS functional rating scale) and survival, denoted ALS/SURV. ALS/SURV modifies and extends the combined assessment of function and survival (CAFS) score and assigns rankings to participants that withdraw or are lost to follow up in a way that does not disproportionately lower and skew ranks for those participants that reach study endpoint (either death or study completion). ALS/SURV has properties of: (1) ordering participants that completed the study from the shortest surviving participant to the last observed death followed by worst function to best function; (2) ordering participants withdrawing at time of withdrawal by their decline in functional status relative to all the participants still in the study; and (3) then maintaining this ordering at time of withdrawal relative to participants still in the study. These properties allow ALS/SURV to better account for participant drop out compared to CAFS. We derive and compare the rankings of participants from the ceftriaxone treatment trial for ALS/SURV and CAFS and demonstrate that ALS/SURV does not modify the ordering of participants that complete a study by the results of participants who withdraw. Additionally, ALS/SURV can be summarized as either median functional status or median survival along with interquartile range, thereby adding clinical meaning to the statistic. Finally, by applying normal deviates, confidence intervals can be computed and used to estimate power for future studies. In summary, the above properties support the role for ALS/SURV as a new ALS composite statistic.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Humans; Recovery of Function; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31334681
DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2019.1643375 -
International Journal of Implant... Apr 2021Several authors have suggested that implants can be placed simultaneously with onlay bone grafts without affecting outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Several authors have suggested that implants can be placed simultaneously with onlay bone grafts without affecting outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to answer the following clinical questions: (1) What are the outcomes of implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay bone grafts? And (2) is there a difference in outcomes between simultaneous vs delayed placement of implants with autogenous onlay bone grafts? Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar were searched up to 15 November 2020. Data on implant survival was extracted from all the included studies (single arm and comparative) to calculate point estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and pooled using the DerSimonian-Laird meta-analysis model. We also compared implant survival rates between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with data from comparative studies. Nineteen studies were included. Five of them compared simultaneous and delayed placement of implants. Dividing the studies based on follow-up duration, the pooled survival of implant placed simultaneously with onlay grafts after <2.5 years of follow-up was 93.1% (95% CI 82.6 to 97.4%) and after 2.5-5 years was 86% (95% CI 78.6 to 91.1%). Implant survival was found to be 85.8% (95% CI 79.6 to 90.3%) with iliac crest grafts and 95.7% (95% CI 83.9 to 93.0%) with intra-oral grafts. Our results indicated no statistically significant difference in implant survival between simultaneous and delayed placement (OR 0.43, 95% 0.07, 2.49, I=59.04%). Data on implant success and bone loss were limited. Data indicates that implants placed simultaneously with autogenous onlay grafts have a survival rate of 93.1% and 86% after a follow-up of <2.5 years and 2.5-5years respectively. A limited number of studies indicate no significant difference in implant survival between the simultaneous and delayed placement of implants with onlay bone grafts. There is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing simultaneous and delayed implant placement to provide robust evidence.
Topics: Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Bone Transplantation; Ilium; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33928458
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00311-4 -
Scientific Reports 2011Living systems inevitably undergo a progressive deterioration of physiological function with age and an increase of vulnerability to disease and death. To maintain...
Living systems inevitably undergo a progressive deterioration of physiological function with age and an increase of vulnerability to disease and death. To maintain health and survival, living systems should optimize survival strategies with adaptive interactions among molecules, cells, organs, individuals, and environments, which arises plasticity in survival curves of living systems. In general, survival dynamics in a population is mathematically depicted by a survival rate, which monotonically changes from 1 to 0 with age. It would be then useful to find an adequate function to describe complicated survival dynamics. Here we describe a flexible survival function, derived from the stretched exponential function by adopting an age-dependent shaping exponent. We note that the exponent is associated with the fractal-like scaling in cumulative mortality rate. The survival function well depicts general features in survival curves; healthy populations exhibit plasticity and evolve towards rectangular-like survival curves, as examples in humans or laboratory animals.
Topics: Animals; Fractals; Humans; Survival Rate
PubMed: 22355622
DOI: 10.1038/srep00104 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Jul 2022
Topics: Humans; Multivariate Analysis; Prognosis; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34365461
DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00891-x -
International Journal of Molecular... Nov 2022Amino acids, which are important compatible solutes, play a significant role in probiotic lyophilization. However, studies on the functions of during freeze-drying are...
Amino acids, which are important compatible solutes, play a significant role in probiotic lyophilization. However, studies on the functions of during freeze-drying are limited. Therefore, in this study, we compared the freeze-drying survival rate of CCFM 1029 cultivated in different media containing different kinds of compatible solutes. We found that the addition of 21 g/L proline to the culture media substantially improved the freeze-drying survival rate of CCFM 1029 from 18.61 ± 0.42% to 38.74 ± 1.58%. Interestingly, this change has only been observed when the osmotic pressure of the external culture environment is increased. Under these conditions, we found that proline accumulation in this strain increased significantly. This change also helped the strain to maintain its membrane integrity and the activity of some key enzymes during freeze-drying. Overall, these results show that the addition of proline can help the strain resist a tough environment during lyophilization. The findings of this study provide preliminary data for producers of probiotics who wish to achieve higher freeze-drying survival rates during industrial production.
Topics: Bifidobacterium longum; Survival Rate; Proline; Freeze Drying; Bifidobacterium; Probiotics
PubMed: 36362285
DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113500 -
Journal of Oral Science Oct 2022The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-year cumulative survival rates of posterior single monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) and their antagonists, and to...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 3-year cumulative survival rates of posterior single monolithic zirconia crowns (MZCs) and their antagonists, and to analyze the influencing factors.
METHODS
The clinical outcomes of posterior single MZCs and their abutment teeth with antagonists, and the antagonists between April 2014 and September 2020 were evaluated retrospectively. The 3-year cumulative survival rates were calculated and associations between the survival time and predictor variables ("Jaw", "Tooth", and "Pulpal condition") were also verified using Cox proportional hazards models and hazard ratios (HRs).
RESULTS
The 3-year cumulative survival rate of single MZCs was 89.8% (9 of 177 MZCs, 95% confidence interval (CI): 80.0-95.1%). Cox proportional hazards models showed non-vital teeth were significantly associated with failure (HR: 2.76e + 9, P = 0.012). The 3-year cumulative survival rate of antagonists was 94.8% (7 of 171 antagonists, 95% CI: 89.3-97.6%). Non-vital antagonists were also identified as an independent predictor for failure in Cox proportional hazards models (HR: 7.83, P = 0.03).
CONCLUSION
Although posterior single MZCs were clinically acceptable, non-vital pulpal condition could be a potential risk factor for failures in the abutment and antagonist teeth of MZCs.
Topics: Crowns; Dental Restoration Failure; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Zirconium
PubMed: 36104182
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0221 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Jul 2018
Meta-Analysis Review
Topics: Blood Pressure; Comorbidity; Global Health; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypertension; Survival Rate
PubMed: 29776989
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.10893 -
Anesthesiology Mar 2015
Topics: Humans; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Patient-Centered Care; Perioperative Care; Survival Rate
PubMed: 25689756
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000000587 -
Current Cardiology Reviews 2017Evolocumab is a potent lipid-lowering drug that decreases plasma levels of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 50-60%. FOURIER is a landmark randomized trial... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Evolocumab is a potent lipid-lowering drug that decreases plasma levels of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by 50-60%. FOURIER is a landmark randomized trial involving 27,564 patients with established cardiovascular disease already on statins and plasma LDLC levels > 70 mg/dl.
OBJECTIVE
The main objective of FOURIER was to examine the effects of evolocumab on cardiovascular events.
RESULTS
After a mean follow-up of 2.2 years, evolocumab significantly decreased the primary endpoint (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina, or coronary revascularization) by 15% compared to placebo [hazard ratio 0.85 (95% CI, 0.79-0.92)], but no significant effect was found on mortality. The most common adverse effect of evolocumab was mild injection site reaction occurring in 2.1% of patients versus 1.6% of patients receiving placebo.
CONCLUSION
These results support the use of evolocumab as add-on therapy to statins for high cardiac- risk patients not achieving optimal goals of LDL-C. Longer-term studies are needed to further clarify the efficacy and safety of evolocumab.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Anticholesteremic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 28925859
DOI: 10.2174/1573403X13666170918165713 -
Journal of Internal Medicine Jun 2013In a review based on estimations and assumptions, to report the estimated number of survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in whom cardiopulmonary... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
In a review based on estimations and assumptions, to report the estimated number of survivors after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was started and to speculate about possible future improvements in Sweden.
DESIGN
An observational study.
SETTING
All ambulance organisations in Sweden.
SUBJECTS
Patients included in the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry who suffered an OHCA between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2010. Approximately 80% of OHCA cases in Sweden in which CPR was started are included.
INTERVENTIONS
None
RESULTS
In 11 005 patients, the 1-month survival rate was 9.4%. There are approximately 5000 OHCA cases annually in which CPR is started and 30-day survival is achieved in up to 500 patients yearly (6 per 100 000 inhabitants). Based on findings on survival in relation to the time to calling for the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) and the start of CPR and defibrillation, it was estimated that, if the delay from collapse to (i) calling EMS, (ii) the start of CPR, and (iii) the time to defibrillation were reduced to <2 min, <2 min, and <8 min, respectively, 300-400 additional lives could be saved.
CONCLUSION
Based on findings relating to the delay to calling for the EMS and the start of CPR and defibrillation, we speculate that 300-400 additional OHCA patients yearly (4 per 100 000 inhabitants) could be saved in Sweden.
Topics: Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Registries; Survival Rate; Sweden; Time Factors
PubMed: 23360556
DOI: 10.1111/joim.12041