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Global Heart Jun 2016During the last 40 years, Finland has experienced a remarkable decline in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. The latest coronary heart disease mortality... (Review)
Review
During the last 40 years, Finland has experienced a remarkable decline in coronary heart disease and stroke mortality. The latest coronary heart disease mortality figures in the working-age population are <20% of the top figures in the early 1970s. Equal declines can be seen in men and in women, and the improvement extends to elderly populations as well. However, due to the very high historic levels, Finland still continues to have clearly higher cardiovascular mortality than, for example, the Mediterranean countries. Parallel to the decline in cardiovascular mortality, the life expectancy of Finns has increased by 11.6 years in men and by 9.2 years in women. The probability for a 30-year-old man to die of cardiovascular disease has dropped from about 30% in 1970 to 7% in 2013, and for a 30-year-old woman, the corresponding probability has dropped from 13% to about 2%.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Finland; Humans; Incidence; Life Expectancy; Risk Factors; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27242087
DOI: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.04.005 -
Annals of the American Thoracic Society Mar 2022
Topics: Child; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Humans; Lung Transplantation; Survival Rate
PubMed: 35230226
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202112-1325ED -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment used for patients who have suffered cardiorespiratory arrest and remain conscious after the recovery of spontaneous circulation.... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Therapeutic hypothermia is a treatment used for patients who have suffered cardiorespiratory arrest and remain conscious after the recovery of spontaneous circulation. However, its effectiveness is controversial. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize the scientific evidence available about the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on neurological status and survival in this type of patients.
METHODOLOGY
A primary search in CINAHL, CUIDEN, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was carried out. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) published from 2016 to 2020 were selected.
RESULTS
17 studies were selected for inclusion and most relevant data were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed by the RoB tool.
CONCLUSIONS
Although therapeutic hypothermia is a safe technique with few adverse and manageable effects, it has not shown to improve survival rate and neurological status of adult nor pediatric patients. It is possible that its positive effect on neuroprotection could be achieved only by preventing hyperthermia although further investigation is needed.
Topics: Adult; Child; Heart Arrest; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34831572
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211817 -
Pediatrics Jun 2014Survival rates for children with cancer have significantly increased over the past 35 years. However, adolescents with cancer aged 15 to 19 years have had less progress... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Survival rates for children with cancer have significantly increased over the past 35 years. However, adolescents with cancer aged 15 to 19 years have had less progress in survival prolongation compared with younger children, which may be due to lower clinical trial enrollment among adolescents with cancer. To help address this issue, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a series of webinars to identify salient issues and measures to address this problem. This supplement is intended to raise awareness about the unique challenges of clinical trial enrollment among adolescents with cancer.
METHODS
The CDC convened a workgroup of researchers and health care providers in the field of adolescent and young adult oncology and cancer survivorship to examine the barriers and challenges limiting the participation of adolescents in clinical trials and to define ways to improve on these concerns.
RESULTS
The workgroup identified 3 distinct issues affecting clinical trial enrollment among adolescents with cancer: (1) many adolescents with cancer are not referred to institutions where clinical trials are offered, (2) there are limited numbers of clinical trials for adolescents with cancer, and (3) psychosocial barriers impede adolescents with cancer from enrolling in clinical trials.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents with cancer have the smallest proportion and least number of patients enrolled in clinical trials in pediatric oncology. Successfully addressing this challenge requires improving referral to existing clinical trials, addressing regulatory barriers to clinical trial enrollment, increasing the number of clinical trials for adolescents, and addressing unique psychosocial barriers to clinical trial enrollment.
Topics: Adolescent; Clinical Trials as Topic; Education; Humans; Neoplasms; Patient Selection; Survival Rate
PubMed: 24918212
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0122B -
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2024To examine the simplified Fournier Gangrene Severe Index Score (SFGSI) and the number of species in culture findings for predicting death in Fournier Gangrene (FG)...
OBJECTIVES
To examine the simplified Fournier Gangrene Severe Index Score (SFGSI) and the number of species in culture findings for predicting death in Fournier Gangrene (FG) patients in terms of their predictive power.
METHODS
From January 2017 to July 2022, the medical records of individuals undergoing emergency surgery for FG were obtained. A total of 80 patients were examined for clinical data such as age, gender, laboratory parameters, etiology, isolated bacteria, and mortality rate.
RESULTS
We identified a statistically significant mean difference between SFGSI (<0.0001) and quickSOFA (qSOFA) scores (=0.002) in determining the survival rate of FG patients. The sensitivity and specificity of the SFGSI score in predicting mortality were 90.1% and 88.3% respectively, whereas the sensitivity and specificity of the qSOFA score were 88.2% and 86.2%. comprised 56.2% of the bacteria, followed by , , , and . On the basis of bacterial culture results, had the highest fatality rate (100%) followed by (75%), (30%), and (20%), in that order.
CONCLUSION
The survival rate of FG patients can be predicted using the sensitivity and specificity of the SFGSI and qSOFA scores together. infected patients have the greatest mortality rate (100%) compared to the other groups.
Topics: Humans; Male; Survival Rate; Fournier Gangrene; Escherichia coli; Organ Dysfunction Scores; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38438215
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2024.45.3.20230036 -
JBRA Assisted Reproduction Nov 2022
Concerns regarding the study "Comparing the effects of a commercial and a prototype vitrification medium on meiotic spindle morphology and survival rate of mouse oocytes".
Topics: Mice; Animals; Vitrification; Survival Rate; Oocytes; Spindle Apparatus; Cryopreservation
PubMed: 36350243
DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20220038 -
Heart Failure Reviews Jan 2017Evidence-based management has improved long-term survival in patients with heart failure (HF). However, an unintended consequence of increased longevity is that patients... (Review)
Review
Evidence-based management has improved long-term survival in patients with heart failure (HF). However, an unintended consequence of increased longevity is that patients with HF are exposed to a greater symptom burden over time. In addition to classic symptoms such as dyspnea and edema, patients with HF frequently suffer additional symptoms such as pain, depression, gastrointestinal distress, and fatigue. In addition to obvious effects on quality of life, untreated symptoms increase clinical events including emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and long-term mortality in a dose-dependent fashion. Symptom management in patients with HF consists of two key components: comprehensive symptom assessment and sufficient knowledge of available approaches to alleviate the symptoms. Successful treatment addresses not just the physical but also the emotional, social, and spiritual aspects of suffering. Despite a lack of formal experience during cardiovascular training, symptom management in HF can be learned and implemented effectively by cardiology providers. Co-management with palliative medicine specialists can add significant value across the spectrum and throughout the course of HF.
Topics: Disease Management; Disease Progression; Evidence-Based Medicine; Global Health; Heart Failure; Humans; Palliative Care; Prevalence; Self Care; Survival Rate; Time Factors
PubMed: 27592330
DOI: 10.1007/s10741-016-9581-4 -
COPD 2016Current epidemiologic practice evaluates COPD based on self-reported symptoms of chronic bronchitis, self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD, spirometry confirmed airflow... (Review)
Review
Current epidemiologic practice evaluates COPD based on self-reported symptoms of chronic bronchitis, self-reported physician-diagnosed COPD, spirometry confirmed airflow obstruction, or emphysema diagnosed by volumetric computed chest tomography (CT). Because the highest risk population for having COPD includes a predominance of middle-aged or older persons, aging related changes must also be considered, including: 1) increased multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and severe deconditioning, as these identify mechanisms that underlie respiratory symptoms and can impart a complex differential diagnosis; 2) increased airflow limitation, as this impacts the interpretation of spirometry confirmed airflow obstruction; and 3) "senile" emphysema, as this impacts the specificity of CT-diagnosed emphysema. Accordingly, in an era of rapidly aging populations worldwide, the use of epidemiologic criteria that do not rigorously consider aging related changes will result in increased misidentification of COPD and may, in turn, misinform public health policy and patient care.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Global Health; Humans; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Survival Rate
PubMed: 26629987
DOI: 10.3109/15412555.2015.1077506 -
Journal of the American Heart... Mar 2021Background Persistent racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality are partially explained by healthcare access and socioeconomic, demographic,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Background Persistent racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality are partially explained by healthcare access and socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors. Little is known about the association between race/ethnicity-specific CVD mortality and county-level factors. Methods and Results Using 2017 county-level data, we studied the association between race/ethnicity-specific CVD age-adjusted mortality rate (AAMR) and county-level factors (demographics, census region, socioeconomics, CVD risk factors, and healthcare access). Univariate and multivariable linear regressions were used to estimate the association between these factors; values were used to assess the factors that accounted for the greatest variation in CVD AAMR by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Hispanic/Latinx individuals). There were 659 740 CVD deaths among non-Hispanic White individuals in 2698 counties; 100 475 deaths among non-Hispanic Black individuals in 717 counties; and 49 493 deaths among Hispanic/Latinx individuals across 267 counties. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had the highest mean CVD AAMR (320.04 deaths per 100 000 individuals), whereas Hispanic/Latinx individuals had the lowest (168.42 deaths per 100 000 individuals). The highest CVD AAMRs across all racial/ethnic groups were observed in the South. In unadjusted analyses, the greatest variation () in CVD AAMR was explained by physical inactivity for non-Hispanic White individuals (32.3%), median household income for non-Hispanic Black individuals (24.7%), and population size for Hispanic/Latinx individuals (28.4%). In multivariable regressions using county-level factor categories, the greatest variation in CVD AAMR was explained by CVD risk factors for non-Hispanic White individuals (35.3%), socioeconomic factors for non-Hispanic Black (25.8%), and demographic factors for Hispanic/Latinx individuals (34.9%). Conclusions The associations between race/ethnicity-specific age-adjusted CVD mortality and county-level factors differ significantly. Interventions to reduce disparities may benefit from being designed accordingly.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Ethnicity; Health Services Accessibility; Health Status Disparities; Humans; Racial Groups; Socioeconomic Factors; Survival Rate; United States
PubMed: 33653083
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.120.018835 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Oct 2021Autologous fat grafts have been widely in use for reconstruction, contour abnormalities, and cosmetic surgeries. However, the grafted fat one-year survival rate is...
BACKGROUND
Autologous fat grafts have been widely in use for reconstruction, contour abnormalities, and cosmetic surgeries. However, the grafted fat one-year survival rate is unpredictable and always low (20%-80%). Standardizing the existing transplantation technology is difficult due to the limiting conditions. Scaffold materials or drugs are unsuitable to employ because of legal restrictions, complex production, and undetermined hazards. Therefore, a simpler and more effective approach to improve grafted fat survival rate is using commercial products as additives. Earlier studies proved that porcine acellular dermal matrix (PADM), a biomaterial clinically used for wound repair, could work as a scaffold for lipo-implantation. This study aimed at investigating the hitherto unclear effect of PADM on transplanted fat survival.
METHODS
Thirty-two 8-week-old female nude mice were divided into two groups. Control mice received a 300 μl fat injection, while the PADM group mice were injected with a 300 μl PADM-fat mixture. After a 4-week treatment, fat weight and liquefaction ratio were assessed. Histological changes were quantified via hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) staining. Macrophage infiltration and vascular regeneration were revealed using an anti-CD34 antibody. Mouse and human mRNA expression levels were gauged via RNA-sequencing. On the third day post implantation, the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory genes Mcp-1 and Tnf-α were measured by qRT-PCR.
RESULTS
The weight of surviving grafted fat did not differ between the control and the PADM group. However, adding PADM significantly decreased fat liquefaction. H&E-stained sections showed that PADM decreased fat necrosis, increased fat tissue regeneration, and raised CD34 levels in the regenerated tissue. RNA-sequencing showed that, compared to controls, fats from PADM-added group expressed more mouse-related mRNA but less human-related mRNA. The following GO and KEGG analysis showed that added PADM increased extracellular matrix (ECM) genes expression levels. The qRT-PCR showed that adding PADM increased Mcp-1 and Tnf-α mRNA expression levels.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, PADM addition increased fat survival rate by reducing fat liquefaction through an increased macrophage infiltration, ECM regeneration, and revascularization. Therefore, PADM addition is a workable application in autologous fat grafting.
NO LEVEL ASSIGNED
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Acellular Dermis; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Female; Mice; Mice, Nude; Survival Rate; Swine; Wound Healing
PubMed: 33959783
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-021-02299-z