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BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders May 2024Synovitis, characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, is commonly induced by meniscus tears. However, significant differences in inflammatory responses and...
BACKGROUND
Synovitis, characterized by inflammation of the synovial membrane, is commonly induced by meniscus tears. However, significant differences in inflammatory responses and the key inflammatory mediators of synovium induced by different types of meniscal tears remain unclear.
METHODS
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to identify the type of meniscus tear, and the quantification of synovial inflammation was assessed through H&E staining assay. Transcription and expression levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were evaluated using bioinformatics, ELISA, RT-qPCR, and IHC of CD68 staining assays. The therapeutic potential of Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA) was determined through network pharmacology, ELISA, and RT-qPCR assays. The safety of DPA was assessed using colony formation and EdU staining assays.
RESULTS
The results indicate that both IL-1β and IL-6 play pivotal roles in synovitis pathogenesis, with distinct expression levels across various subtypes. Among tested meniscus tears, oblique tear and bucket handle tear induced the most severe inflammation, followed by radial tear and longitudinal tear, while horizontal tear resulted in the least inflammation. Furthermore, in synovial inflammation induced by specific meniscus tears, the anterior medial tissues exhibited significantly higher local inflammation than the anterior lateral and suprapatellar regions, highlighting the clinical relevance and practical guidance of anterior medial tissues' inflammatory levels. Additionally, we identified the essential omega-3 fatty acid DPA as a potential therapeutic agent for synovitis, demonstrating efficacy in blocking the transcription and expression of IL-1β and IL-6 with minimal side effects.
CONCLUSION
These findings provide valuable insights into the nuanced nature of synovial inflammation induced by various meniscal tear classifications and contribute to the development of new adjunctive therapeutic agents in the management of synovitis.
Topics: Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Synovitis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Synovial Membrane; Humans; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Male; Interleukin-1beta; Animals; Interleukin-6; Female; Menisci, Tibial; Mice; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38734632
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07491-1 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019The ontogeny of macrophages in most organ/tissues in human body has been proven. Due to the limited number and inaccessibility of synovial macrophages (SM), the origin...
The ontogeny of macrophages in most organ/tissues in human body has been proven. Due to the limited number and inaccessibility of synovial macrophages (SM), the origin of SM has not been fully illuminated. The objective of this study was designed to investigate the ontogeny of SM and to evaluate the role of SM from different origins in arthritis. Two origins of SM, embryonic SM (ESM) and bone marrow SM (BMSM) were identified in Cx3cr1-EGFP mice, CCR2 mice and bone marrow (BM) chimera model by using a stringent sorting strategy. The cellular features, including dynamic total cell number, proliferation, phagocytosis and expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes, of ESM and BMSM were compared. In addition, ESM and BMSM showed different expression patterns in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) patients' synovium and during the developmental process of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the SM at least has two origins, ESM and BMSM. The different cellular property and dynamic expression patterns in RA patients/CIA mice highlight the notion that ESM and BMSM might play different role in arthritis.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Macrophages; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Phagocytosis; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 31231364
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01146 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Dec 2012Although osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a non-inflammatory condition, it is widely accepted that synovial inflammation is a feature of OA. However, the role of immune... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Although osteoarthritis (OA) is considered a non-inflammatory condition, it is widely accepted that synovial inflammation is a feature of OA. However, the role of immune cells and their cytokines in OA is largely unknown. This narrative systematic review summarizes the knowledge of inflammatory properties, immune cells and their cytokines in synovial tissues (STs) of OA patients.
DESIGN
Broad literature search in different databases was performed which resulted in 100 articles.
RESULTS
Of 100 articles 33 solely investigated inflammation in OA ST with or without comparison with normal samples; the remaining primarily focussed on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ST. Studies investigating different severity stages or cellular source of cytokines were sparse. OA ST displayed mild/moderate grade inflammation when investigated by means of haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Most frequently found cells types were macrophages, T cells and mast cells (MCs). Overall the number of cells was lower than in RA, although the number of MCs was as high as or sometimes even higher than in RA ST. Cytokines related to T cell or macrophage function were found in OA ST. Their expression was overall higher than in normal ST, but lower than in RA ST. Their cellular source remains largely unknown in OA ST.
CONCLUSION
Inflammation is common in OA ST and characterized by immune cell infiltration and cytokine secretion. This inflammation seems quantitatively and qualitatively different from inflammation in RA. Further research is needed to clarify the role of inflammation, immune cells and their cytokines in the pathogenesis of OA.
Topics: Cytokines; Humans; Immunity, Cellular; Mast Cells; Osteoarthritis; Synovial Membrane; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 22960092
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.08.027 -
Arthritis & Rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) May 2018Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by destructive hyperplasia of the synovium. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are a major... (Review)
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by destructive hyperplasia of the synovium. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are a major component of synovial pannus and actively participate in the pathologic progression of RA. How rheumatoid FLS acquire and sustain such a uniquely aggressive phenotype remains poorly understood. We describe the current state of knowledge of the molecular alterations in rheumatoid FLS at the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels, which offers a means to reconstruct the pathways leading to rheumatoid pannus. Such data provide new pathologic insight and suggest means to more sensitively assess disease activity and response to therapy, as well as support new avenues for therapeutic development.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Epigenesis, Genetic; Genomics; Humans; Metabolomics; Phenotype; Precision Medicine; Synovial Membrane; Synoviocytes; Synovitis
PubMed: 29287304
DOI: 10.1002/art.40406 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Fibroblasts; Synoviocytes; Immunomodulation; Animals; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 38779670
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415672 -
International Orthopaedics Apr 2013Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign proliferative disease of the synovial tissue that affects a single joint or a tendon sheath. Data from the... (Review)
Review
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare, benign proliferative disease of the synovial tissue that affects a single joint or a tendon sheath. Data from the literature present only a few cases of multifocal PVNS. This paper presents multifocal PVNS in the adult. This disease can affect bilateral shoulders, hips and knees. The diagnosis may be delayed by the slow evolution of the disease (up to ten years); some patients may be seen with late-stage degenerative joints, serious complications, painful and functionally uncompensated, with significant locomotion deficit. PVNS requires a radical treatment with prosthetic arthroplasty associated with synovectomy. Complex imaging (X-Rays, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound) and macroscopic appearance of the lesions during surgery confirms the clinical diagnosis of multifocal PVNS with secondary bone lesions. Histology marks the final diagnosis of multifocal PVNS. The postoperative results are good, with recovery in functional parameters of the joints with endoprosthesis.
Topics: Adult; Arthroplasty; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Synovectomy; Synovial Membrane; Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 23361936
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-013-1789-5 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2019Immunometabolism provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, there have been investigations focusing on the role of... (Review)
Review
Immunometabolism provides a new perspective on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In recent years, there have been investigations focusing on the role of intracellular glucose metabolism in the pathogenesis of RA. Previous studies have shown that glycolysis of synovial tissue is increased in RA patients, while glycolysis inhibitors can significantly inhibit synovitis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) is a key enzyme in glycolysis, catalyzing the final rate-limiting step in the process. An isoform of PK, PKM2, provides favorable conditions for the survival of tumor cells via its glycolytic or non-glycolytic functions and has become a potential therapeutic target in tumors. RA synovium has the characteristic of tumor-like growth, and, moreover, increased expression of PKM2 was identified in the synovial tissue of RA patients in recent studies, indicating the underlying role of PKM2 in RA. PKM2 has potential value as a new therapeutic target or biomarker for RA, but its exact role in RA remains unclear. In this review, the properties of PKM2 and existing research concerning PKM2 and RA are thoroughly reviewed and summarized, and the possible role and mechanism of PKM2 in RA are discussed.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Glycolysis; Humans; Pyruvate Kinase; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 31921178
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02919 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy 2007Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory joint diseases in a heterogeneous group of disorders that share features of destruction of the extracellular... (Review)
Review
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the inflammatory joint diseases in a heterogeneous group of disorders that share features of destruction of the extracellular matrices of articular cartilage and bone. The underlying disturbance in immune regulation that is responsible for the localized joint pathology results in the release of inflammatory mediators in the synovial fluid and synovium that directly and indirectly influence cartilage homeostasis. Analysis of the breakdown products of the matrix components of joint cartilage in body fluids and quantitative imaging techniques have been used to assess the effects of the inflammatory joint disease on the local remodeling of joint structures. The role of the chondrocyte itself in cartilage destruction in the human rheumatoid joint has been difficult to address but has been inferred from studies in vitro and in animal models. This review covers current knowledge about the specific cellular and biochemical mechanisms that account for the disruption of the integrity of the cartilage matrix in RA.
Topics: Animals; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Cartilage; Chondrocytes; Humans; Synovial Membrane
PubMed: 18001488
DOI: 10.1186/ar2292 -
International Orthopaedics Apr 2023The synovial plica of the elbow is a fold of synovial tissue, which is said to be a remnant of the embryonic septa of normal articular development and is located around...
PURPOSE
The synovial plica of the elbow is a fold of synovial tissue, which is said to be a remnant of the embryonic septa of normal articular development and is located around the radiocapitellar joint. The objective of the present study was to provide morphometric properties of the synovial plica of the elbow and its relation to surrounding structures in asymptomatic patients.
METHODS
A retrospective study was conducted to establish the morphometric characteristics of the synovial plica of the elbow. The results of 216 consecutive patients, who for different reasons during the five year period of time underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an elbow, were analyzed.
RESULTS
Plica was found in a total of 161 of 216 elbows (74.5%). The mean width of the plica was set to be 3.00 mm (SD: 1.39). The mean length of the plica was established at 2.91 mm (SD: 1.13). An analysis of sexual dimorphism was also included. Potential correlations were analyzed for each of the categories and age.
CONCLUSIONS
The synovial plica of the elbow is a clinically relevant anatomical structure. Analyzing the morphometric parameters of the synovial plica is necessary to properly evaluate synovial plica syndrome, which can commonly be confused with other sources of lateral elbow pain such as tennis elbow, oppression of the radial and/or posterior interosseous nerve, or snapping of the triceps tendon. The authors suggest that the thickness of the plica may not be the golden diagnostic feature as there are no statistically significant differences in this parameter between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. A precise and accurate diagnosis of synovial fold syndrome and/or differentiation from other sources of lateral elbow pain must be performed, as the surgical treatment, even if performed properly, will be unsuccessful because of a misdiagnosed source of pain.
Topics: Humans; Elbow; Retrospective Studies; Elbow Joint; Synovial Membrane; Arthralgia
PubMed: 36809417
DOI: 10.1007/s00264-023-05726-9 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2020
Topics: Animals; Antirheumatic Agents; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Phenotype; RNA, Long Noncoding; Signal Transduction; Synovial Membrane; Synoviocytes
PubMed: 32508834
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00955