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Genes Sep 2023Genome-wide scans performed in affected sib pairs have revealed small and often inconsistent clues to the loci responsible for the inherited components of hypertension....
Genome-wide scans performed in affected sib pairs have revealed small and often inconsistent clues to the loci responsible for the inherited components of hypertension. Since blood pressure is a quantitative trait regulated by many loci, two siblings at opposite extremes of the blood pressure distribution are more likely to have inherited different alleles at any given locus. Hence, we investigated an extreme discordant sib pair strategy to analyse markers from two previous loci of interest: (1) the Gordons syndrome locus that includes the WNK4 gene and (2) the ROMK locus identified in our first genome-wide scan. For this study, 24 sib pairs with strong family histories of essential hypertension were selected from the top and bottom 10% of the blood pressure distribution and genotyped for highly polymorphic microsatellite markers on chromosomes 11 and 17. The mean age of the population was 39.8 ± 7.8 years. A significant inverse correlation was found between the squared difference in pulse pressure and the number of alleles shared by IBD between the siblings for the DS11925 marker (r = -0.44, = 0.031), systolic pressure and chromosome 17 markers (D17S250: r = -0.42, = 0.040; D17S799 (r = -0.51, = 0.011), and this relationship persisted after correcting for age and gender. Markers on chromosome 17 (D17S250, D17S928 and D17S1301) and 11 (D11S1999) also correlated with diastolic pressure. These results illustrate the successful use of discordant sib pair analysis to detect linkage within relatively small numbers of pedigrees with hypertension. Further analysis of this cohort may be valuable in complementing findings from the large genome wide scans in affected sib pairs.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Genetic Markers; Blood Pressure; Genotype; Phenotype; Hypertension
PubMed: 37895212
DOI: 10.3390/genes14101862 -
Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health Jun 2022African Americans with obesity have high rates of hypertension. Exercise has been shown to significantly reduce high blood pressure; however, effects through associated...
African Americans with obesity have high rates of hypertension. Exercise has been shown to significantly reduce high blood pressure; however, effects through associated reductions in anxiety and depression are unclear. African American adults with either class 2 or 3 obesity (n = 86; M = 43.4 years) and either elevated blood pressure (n = 16) or stage 1 (n = 33) or stage 2 (n = 37) hypertension participated in a theoretically driven community-based weight-management program. There were significant increases in exercise outputs; while systolic and diastolic blood pressure, anxiety, and depression significantly decreased from baseline-month 6. Increased exercise significantly predicted reduced anxiety, depression, and diastolic blood pressure. Change in anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between exercise and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure changes. Increasing exercise from the equivalent of 1.5 to 4.5 moderate bouts/week reduced elevated blood pressure/hypertension in African American adults with severe obesity largely through their exercise-associated improvement in anxiety.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid
PubMed: 34036517
DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01220-9 -
Journal of Atherosclerosis and... Sep 2023Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) was closely related to hypertension-related organ damage rather than peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP). We aimed to...
Estimation of Central Systolic Blood Pressure from Peripheral Pressure Waves using a Novel Second Systolic Pressure-Based Method in Normal and Heritable Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits.
AIM
Central systolic blood pressure (cSBP) was closely related to hypertension-related organ damage rather than peripheral systolic blood pressure (pSBP). We aimed to estimate cSBP from pSBP without generalized transfer function in normal and Kurosawa and Kusanagi-hypercholesterolemic (KHC) rabbits aged 12 months.
METHODS
Two catheter-tip transducers were advanced into the ascending aorta (AA) and distal end of the right brachial artery (Br) through the right common carotid and right radial arteries, respectively, under pentobarbital anesthesia. Pressure waves in response to the intravenous administration of angiotensin II and sodium nitroprusside were simultaneously recorded in AA and Br under regular cardiac pacing.
RESULTS
The first (pSBP) and second peaks (pSBP) of the brachial blood pressure and their average (pSBP) were significantly correlated with cSBP, despite Murgo's wave pattern of central pressure waves in both rabbit groups. In Bland-Altman plot and its modification as a function of the peripheral augmentation index (pAI) analyses, the differences between pSBP and cSBP decreased, and those between pSBP and cSBP increased significantly in their average- or pAI-dependent manner, with undeniable mean biases in both rabbit groups. When the same analyses for SBP were performed instead, the mean bias was around zero, with reduced variance in the two rabbit groups. The observed pressure or pAI-dependent systematic biases for pSBP and pSBP disappeared, representing the precise feature of pSBP as a cSBP estimate.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that pSBP could be more precise than pSBP as a cSBP estimate, irrespective of blood pressure levels, pAI, or the presence of atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Rabbits; Blood Pressure; Hypertension; Blood Pressure Determination; Aorta; Angiotensin II
PubMed: 36642536
DOI: 10.5551/jat.63793 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Jun 2008Non-pharmacological treatment options for hypertension have the potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease at a population level. Animal studies have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Non-pharmacological treatment options for hypertension have the potential to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease at a population level. Animal studies have suggested that garlic reduces blood pressure, but primary studies in humans and non-systematic reviews have reported mixed results. With interest in complementary medicine for hypertension increasing, it is timely to update a systematic review and meta-analysis from 1994 of studies investigating the effect of garlic preparations on blood pressure.
METHODS
We searched the Medline and Embase databases for studies published between 1955 and October 2007. Randomised controlled trials with true placebo groups, using garlic-only preparations, and reporting mean systolic and/or diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and standard deviations were included in the meta-analysis. We also conducted subgroup meta-analysis by baseline blood pressure (hypertensive/normotensive), for the first time. Meta-regression analysis was performed to test the associations between blood pressure outcomes and duration of treatment, dosage, and blood pressure at start of treatment.
RESULTS
Eleven of 25 studies included in the systematic review were suitable for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of all studies showed a mean decrease of 4.6 +/- 2.8 mm Hg for SBP in the garlic group compared to placebo (n = 10; p = 0.001), while the mean decrease in the hypertensive subgroup was 8.4 +/- 2.8 mm Hg for SBP (n = 4; p < 0.001), and 7.3 +/- 1.5 mm Hg for DBP (n = 3; p < 0.001). Regression analysis revealed a significant association between blood pressure at the start of the intervention and the level of blood pressure reduction (SBP: R = 0.057; p = 0.03; DBP: R = -0.315; p = 0.02).
CONCLUSION
Our meta-analysis suggests that garlic preparations are superior to placebo in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Garlic; Humans; Hypertension; Phytotherapy; Plant Preparations
PubMed: 18554422
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-8-13 -
Circulation. Cardiovascular Imaging Sep 2019
Use of Tricuspid Annular Plane Systolic Excursion/Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure As a Non-Invasive Method to Assess Right Ventricular-PA Coupling in Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Heart Ventricles; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Pulmonary Artery; Ventricular Function, Right
PubMed: 31500450
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.009648 -
Nutrients Jan 2023Even though coffee consumption has been clearly related to a number of benefits to the cardiovascular system, its effect on blood pressure (BP) has not been fully...
Even though coffee consumption has been clearly related to a number of benefits to the cardiovascular system, its effect on blood pressure (BP) has not been fully elucidated. In this sub-analysis of the Brisighella Heart Study (BHS), we compared central and peripheral BP values in a sub-cohort of 720 men (47.9%) and 783 women (52.1%) reporting the drinking of different amounts of coffee each day, for whom a full set of clinical, laboratory and hemodynamic parameters was available. According to our observations, moderate coffee drinking was associated to either higher levels of systolic BP (SBP) compared to those with heavy coffee consumption or lower SBP than that in the non-coffee drinking group (p-value for trend <0.05). In particular, people who drank 2 cups of coffee per day and people who drank >3 cups per day had lower SBP than non-coffee drinkers by 5.2 ± 1.6 mmHg (p = 0.010) and 9.7 ± 3.2 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.007). Similar trends were also observed for peripheral pulse pressure (PP), aortic BP and aortic PP. In the age-adjusted multiple linear regression model, negative predictors of SBP, PP, aortic BP and aortic PP were the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), female sex and coffee consumption. Positive predictors included body mass index (BMI) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Then, our findings show that regular coffee drinking is associated with lower SBP, PP, aortic BP and aortic PP, but with similar arterial stiffness.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Blood Pressure; Self Report; Arterial Pressure; Body Mass Index; Vascular Stiffness
PubMed: 36678184
DOI: 10.3390/nu15020312 -
Journal of the American College of... Aug 2016An elevated resting heart rate has been unequivocally linked to adverse cardiovascular events. Conversely, a physiologically low heart rate may confer longevity... (Review)
Review
An elevated resting heart rate has been unequivocally linked to adverse cardiovascular events. Conversely, a physiologically low heart rate may confer longevity benefits. Moreover, pharmacological heart rate lowering reduces cardiovascular outcomes in patients with heart failure, with the magnitude of the reduction associated with survival benefit. In contrast, pharmacological heart rate lowering paradoxically increases cardiovascular events in hypertension, possibly because it elicits a ventricular-vascular mismatch, leading to increased central systolic blood pressure (BP). By the same hemodynamic mechanism, pharmacological heart rate lowering also engenders an increase in central (aortic) BP in coronary heart disease and, as a consequence, fails to decrease myocardial oxygen consumption. Whether in heart failure, hypertension, or coronary heart disease, or even athletes, heart rate lowering consistently increases central systolic pressure. The increase in central systolic BP is prone to abolish the potential benefits of heart rate lowering interventions, possibly accounting for failure to reduce outcomes in patients with hypertension and coronary artery disease.
Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Systole
PubMed: 27515336
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.03.610 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Oct 2016Insulin resistance (IR) in humans is related to hypertension and impaired vasodilation. Insulin administration has been shown to lower blood pressure both in insulin...
BACKGROUND
Insulin resistance (IR) in humans is related to hypertension and impaired vasodilation. Insulin administration has been shown to lower blood pressure both in insulin resistant as well as in insulin sensitive individuals. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between insulin sensitivity and alterations in blood pressure in healthy horses before and after a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp (EHC). A 3-h EHC was performed in 13 healthy horses (11 mares, 2 geldings). Blood samples for measurement of plasma glucose and insulin were collected before the start of the EHC, every 10 min during the EHC and immediately after the EHC. Mean, systolic- and diastolic blood pressure was measured before and during the final 10 min of the EHC using an indirect high-definition oscillometric monitor (HDO, horse model) applied to the middle of the coccygeal artery. Five consecutive measurements were made in each horse and on each occasion. Insulin and glucose data from the EHC were used to calculate the mean rate of glucose disposal per unit of insulin during steady state (M/I ratio). Insulin resistance was defined as a M/I ratio <5 mg/kg/min/mUL (Lindåse et al. in Am J Vet Res 77:300-309, 2016).
RESULTS
Insulin administration decreased systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure in all horses. The M/I ratio for all horses was negatively correlated with the decrease in systolic blood pressure (r = 0.55, P = 0.004) and mean arterial pressure (r = 0.31, P = 0.048) but not diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.12, P = 0.26). Eight horses were defined as insulin resistant (IR) and five horses had normal insulin sensitivity. The five horses with normal insulin sensitivity showed a greater decrease in systolic blood pressure (-17.0 ± 7.4 vs. -3.4 ± 4.6 mmHg, P = 0.001) and MAP (19.2 ± 14.7 vs. 6.9 ± 8.7 mmHg, P = 0.04) than IR horses. There was no difference in the decrease in diastolic blood pressure between groups (16 ± 12.8 vs. 8.9 ± 12.1 mmHg, P = 0.17).
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that there is a relationship between insulin sensitivity and systolic and MAP in horses. However, studies on a larger number of horses are needed to confirm this association.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Horses; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male
PubMed: 27766986
DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0247-y -
International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2022This study investigated the effects of modulated respiration on blood pressure and autonomic balance to develop a healthcare application system for stabilizing autonomic...
This study investigated the effects of modulated respiration on blood pressure and autonomic balance to develop a healthcare application system for stabilizing autonomic balance. Thirty-two participants were asked to perform self-regulated tasks with 18 different respiration sequences, and their electrocardiograms (ECG) and blood pressure were measured. Changes in cardiovascular system functions and blood pressure were compared between free-breathing and various respiration conditions. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures stabilized after individual harmonic breathing. Autonomic balance, characterized by heart rate variability, was also stabilized with brief respiration training according to harmonic frequency. Five machine-learning algorithms were used to classify the two opposing factors between the free and modulated breathing conditions. The random forest models outperformed the other classifiers in the training data of systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability. The mean areas under the curves (AUCs) were 0.82 for systolic blood pressure and 0.98 for heart rate variability. Our findings lend support that blood pressure and autonomic balance were improved by temporary harmonic frequency respiration. This study provides a self-regulated respiration system that can control and help stabilize blood pressure and autonomic balance, which would help reduce mental stress and enhance human task performance in various fields.
Topics: Humans; Blood Pressure; Autonomic Nervous System; Heart Rate; Breathing Exercises; Respiration
PubMed: 36497750
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315676 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Aug 2020This paper assessed the blood pressure, heart rate, and mouth-pressure responses to indoor rock climbing (bouldering) and associated training exercises. Six well-trained...
This paper assessed the blood pressure, heart rate, and mouth-pressure responses to indoor rock climbing (bouldering) and associated training exercises. Six well-trained male rock climbers (mean ± SD age, 27.7 ± 4.7 yr; stature, 177.7 ± 7.3 cm; mass, 69.8 ± 12.1 kg) completed two boulder problems (6b and 7a+ on the Fontainebleau Scale) and three typical training exercises [maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) isometric pull-up, 80% MVC pull-ups to fatigue, and campus board to fatigue]. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured via an indwelling femoral arterial catheter, and mouth pressure via a mouthpiece manometer. Bouldering evoked a peak systolic pressure of 200 ± 17 mmHg (44 ± 21% increase from baseline), diastolic pressure of 142 ± 26 mmHg (70 ± 32% increase), mean arterial pressure of 163 ± 18 mmHg (56 ± 25% increase), and heart rate of 176 ± 22 beats/min (76 ± 35% increase). The highest systolic pressure was observed during the campus board exercise (218 ± 33 mmHg), although individual values as high as 273/189 mmHg were recorded. Peak mouth pressure during climbing was 31 ± 46 mmHg, and this increased independently of climb difficulty. We concluded that indoor rock climbing and associated exercises evoke a substantial pressor response resulting in high blood pressures that may exceed those observed during other upper-limb resistance exercises. These findings may inform risk stratification for climbers. This case study provides original data on the exercise pressor response to indoor rock climbing and associated training exercises through the use of an indwelling femoral arterial catheter. Our subjects exhibited systolic/diastolic blood pressures that exceeded values often reported during upper-limb resistance exercise. Our data extend the understanding of the cardiovascular stress associated with indoor rock climbing.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Mountaineering; Young Adult
PubMed: 32644913
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00357.2020