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Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Aug 2019Mature B- and T-cell lymphomas are diverse in their biology, etiology, genetics, clinical behavior, and response to specific therapies. Here, we review the principles of... (Review)
Review
Mature B- and T-cell lymphomas are diverse in their biology, etiology, genetics, clinical behavior, and response to specific therapies. Here, we review the principles of diagnostic classification for non-Hodgkin lymphomas, summarize the characteristic features of major entities, and place recent biological and molecular findings in the context of principles that are applicable across the spectrum of mature lymphoid cancers.
Topics: B-Lymphocytes; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Neoplasm Grading; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 31229154
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2019.04.003 -
British Journal of Haematology Aug 2014Follicular helper T-cells (Tfh cells) are a subset of CD4(+) T-cells that are essential for normal production of high affinity antibodies. Tfh cells characteristically... (Review)
Review
Follicular helper T-cells (Tfh cells) are a subset of CD4(+) T-cells that are essential for normal production of high affinity antibodies. Tfh cells characteristically produce IL21 and IL4 and show high expression of surface markers CXCR5, ICOS, PDCD1 (PD-1) and the chemokine CXCL13. In this review we will focus on the emerging links between Tfh cells and subtypes of T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and ~20% of peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) have surface marker features of Tfh cells and share a spectrum of genetic abnormalities. The recurrent genetic abnormalities associated with AITL include mutations in epigenetic modifiers such as TET2 and DNMT3A and the motility and adhesion gene, RHOA, is mutated in up to 70% of cases. ~20% of PTCL-NOS demonstrate RHOA mutations and have other characteristics suggesting an origin in Tfh cells. The recognition that specific genetic and surface markers are associated with malignant Tfh cells suggests that the next few years will bring major changes in diagnostic and treatment possibilities. For example, antibodies against IL21, PDCD1 and ICOS are already in clinical trials for autoimmune disease or other malignancies and antibodies against CXCL13 are in pre-clinical development.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Lymphoma, B-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer
PubMed: 24815671
DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12941 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Nov 2017Primary cutaneous acral CD8 T-cell lymphoma is a new provisional entity in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This... (Review)
Review
Primary cutaneous acral CD8 T-cell lymphoma is a new provisional entity in the 2016 revision of the World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms. This is a challenging diagnosis because of its rarity, as well as its morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap with other CD8 cytotoxic lymphoid proliferations. Appropriate classification of this entity is crucial because of its indolent clinical behavior compared with other CD8 T-cell lymphomas. Knowledge of the clinical setting, sites of involvement, and morphologic features can aid in correct diagnosis. Here, we review the clinical and pathologic features of primary cutaneous acral CD8 T-cell lymphoma with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis among other C8 T-cell lymphomas.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Diagnosis, Differential; Extremities; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Panniculitis; Prognosis
PubMed: 29072952
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0230-RA -
Blood Feb 2006T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are uncommon malignancies. The current WHO/EORTC classification recognizes 9 distinct clinicopathologic peripheral T-cell NHLs. These... (Review)
Review
T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) are uncommon malignancies. The current WHO/EORTC classification recognizes 9 distinct clinicopathologic peripheral T-cell NHLs. These disorders have unique characteristics and require individualized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Tremendous progress has been made in recent years in the understanding of the pathogenesis of these disorders. Specific chromosomal translocations and viral infections are now known to be associated with certain lymphomas. In this review, we describe their clinical and pathologic features. We also discuss the use of molecular studies in the diagnostic work-up of T-cell lymphomas. Because of the rarity of these disorders and the lack of well-designed clinical trials, the treatment of peripheral T-cell NHLs is often challenging. Additional studies are required to learn more about the biology of these diseases, which may lead to more optimal and possibly targeted therapies.
Topics: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Translocation, Genetic
PubMed: 16210342
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-03-1306 -
TheScientificWorldJournal Feb 2011Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) frequently presents with necrotic, granulomatous lesions in the upper respiratory tract, and usually shows a highly aggressive clinical... (Review)
Review
Nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) frequently presents with necrotic, granulomatous lesions in the upper respiratory tract, and usually shows a highly aggressive clinical course. Thus, it was initially included in the clinical condition of lethal midline granuloma. Recently, the disease has been recognized as a neoplastic proliferation of NK/T cells. The disease is much more frequent in Asian and Latin American countries than in Western countries, and is universally associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. Analyses of gene mutations, especially p53 and c-kit, revealed the different frequencies by district. Abnormalities of other genes have also been reported. Case-control studies showed that the exposure to pesticides and chemical solvents could be causative of NKTCL. Further studies including HLA antigen typing of patients is necessary to further clarify the disease mechanism.
Topics: Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Humans; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Nose Neoplasms
PubMed: 21336457
DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2011.41 -
Oncology (Williston Park, N.Y.) Jul 2000Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a malignancy of a distinctive subset of T-helper cells designated "cutaneous T cells" because of their central role in the normal... (Review)
Review
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a malignancy of a distinctive subset of T-helper cells designated "cutaneous T cells" because of their central role in the normal functioning of the skin immune system. Guided by selective adhesion molecules, activated/memory T cells of the skin immune system normally circulate among the skin, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood. Thus, a better understanding of the skin immune system, which normally functions to provide immunosurveillance against cutaneous pathogens and other insults, has led to a better understanding of the clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, staging, and management of CTCL. This article describes the major subtypes of CTCL and provides an update on the pathogenesis and treatment of this lymphoma.
Topics: Forecasting; Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Neoplasm Staging; Skin; Skin Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 10929591
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2020
Review
Topics: Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic; Humans; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Male; Methotrexate; Panniculitis; Prednisolone; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 31975700
DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.IJDVL_635_18 -
Brazilian Journal of Medical and... 2018Rhabdomyolysis refers to the destruction or disintegration of striated muscles. This syndrome is characterized by muscle breakdown and necrosis, resulting in the leakage... (Review)
Review
Rhabdomyolysis refers to the destruction or disintegration of striated muscles. This syndrome is characterized by muscle breakdown and necrosis, resulting in the leakage of intracellular muscle constituents into the circulation and extracellular fluid. We report a rare case of rhabdomyolysis complicating multi-organ failure caused by T-cell lymphoma in a 32-year-old woman. The final diagnosis was rhabdomyolysis caused by peripheral T-cell lymphoma based on bone marrow aspirate and biopsy.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Biopsy, Needle; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Neoplasms; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Rhabdomyolysis
PubMed: 30304093
DOI: 10.1590/1414-431X20176278 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jan 2023A 14-y-old, castrated male, diabetic, domestic longhaired cat was presented for investigation of anemia. General examination revealed widespread cutaneous erythematous...
A 14-y-old, castrated male, diabetic, domestic longhaired cat was presented for investigation of anemia. General examination revealed widespread cutaneous erythematous macules and patches. Hematology and bone marrow aspiration revealed severe regenerative anemia and marked erythroid hyperplasia, respectively. Low numbers of intermediate-to-large, atypical lymphocytes were observed in the blood smear and bone marrow aspirates. Various imaging modalities demonstrated a diffuse pulmonary bronchial pattern, multifocal mural thickening of the urinary bladder, splenomegaly, and mild tri-cavitary effusion. Skin biopsies and cytologic examination of the pleural effusion demonstrated round-cell neoplasia consistent with lymphoma. Autopsy confirmed disseminated T-cell lymphoma, mostly affecting the urinary bladder, stomach, lymph nodes, and interscapular subcutis and muscles. Angiocentrism and nerve infiltration were present. The cutaneous erythematous patches, characterized by perivascular neoplastic lymphocytic infiltrates and angiodestruction, were a manifestation of the disseminated lymphoma in this cat, similar to the lesions reported in humans affected by angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Male; Anemia; Cat Diseases; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Cutaneous; Lymphoma, T-Cell, Peripheral; Skin; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 36317261
DOI: 10.1177/10406387221133543 -
Current Opinion in Hematology Jul 2016Once an obscure disease, recent studies have transformed our understanding of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). In this review, we summarize new major advances... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Once an obscure disease, recent studies have transformed our understanding of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). In this review, we summarize new major advances in the genetics and biology of AITL.
RECENT FINDINGS
Genome wide sequencing studies have dissected the repertoire of the genetic alterations driving AITL uncovering a highly recurrent Gly17Val somatic mutation in the small GTPase RHOA and major role for mutations in epigenetic regulators, such as TET2, DNMT3A and IDH2, and signaling factors (e.g., FYN and CD28). These findings support a multistep model of follicular T helper cell transformation in AITL and pinpoint novel candidates for the development of targeted therapies in this disease.
SUMMARY
AITL originates from follicular T helper cells and is characterized by the presence of RHOA G17V mutation together with genetic alterations in TET2, DNMT3A, and IDH2. Research efforts now focus on the elucidation of the specific roles and interplay of these genetic alterations in the pathogenesis of AITL.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genomics; Humans; Immunoblastic Lymphadenopathy; Lymphoma, T-Cell; Mutation; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Transcriptome; rhoA GTP-Binding Protein
PubMed: 27177312
DOI: 10.1097/MOH.0000000000000261