Authors: Sanja Dacic, Philipp Ströbel

Topics: COVID-19; Genetic Heterogeneity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Pathology, Surgical; Phenotype; Thoracic Neoplasms

PubMed: 33674911
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03067-9

Authors: Alex A Adjei

Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Thoracic Neoplasms

PubMed: 33641719
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.02.002

Authors: Ming-Sound Tsao, Andrew G Nicholson, Joseph J Maleszewski...

Topics: Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; World Health Organization

PubMed: 34930611
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.09.017

Authors: Patricia K Aruj, Matías Lescano, Silvia Rausch...

The schwannoma (neurilemmoma) is a slow-growing benign tumor originating from Schwann sheath whose location in the chest cavity is exceptional. It is generally asymptomatic and is discovered incidentally but can cause symptoms when the lesion grows or invade underlying structures. Its importance lies in the possibility of confusion with malignant tumors. We present a patient who complains of chest pain caused by a prolonged course schwannoma. The tomographic image is suggestive of extrapulmonary tumor, so the schwannoma in this location should be considered in the differential diagnosis of metastatic or primary pleural tumors such as lipoma, solitary fibrous tumor and mesothelioma.

Topics: Aged; Chest Pain; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Neurilemmoma; S100 Proteins; Thoracic Neoplasms; Tomography

PubMed: 24918672
DOI: No ID Found

Authors: B Melosky, V Hirsh

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Humans; Immunotherapy; Lung Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Mutation; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Thoracic Neoplasms

PubMed: 29910641
DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4099

Review

Authors: Magdalena M Brune, Spasenija Savic Prince, Tatjana Vlajnic...

S-methyl-5'-thioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency is an emerging biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and beyond. The MTAP gene is located in the chromosomal region 9p21.3, which shows one of the most common homozygous deletions across all human cancers (9p21 loss). Loss of 9p21 is found in the majority of pleural mesotheliomas, where it serves as an established diagnostic marker. Until recently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was the gold standard for the detection of 9p21 losses, but loss of MTAP expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) gains increasing importance as an easy to apply and cost-effective diagnostic surrogate marker. Besides, MTAP loss, which has been reported in 13% of NSCLC, is becoming an emerging predictive biomarker in two different scenarios in NSCLC and other cancer types: 1) MTAP loss seems to negatively predict the response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment via silencing of the tumor microenvironment, and 2) MTAP loss serves as a predictive biomarker for novel targeted treatment strategies. MTAP deficiency leads to an impaired function of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) due to its partial inhibition by MTAP's accumulating substrate methylthioadenosine (MTA). This process leaves MTAP deficient tumor cells heavily dependent on the remaining function of PRMT5, making it a perfect target for synthetic lethality. Indeed, MTA-cooperative PRMT5-inhibitors are now tested in several clinical trials with promising early results in solid malignancies. With its emergence as a predictive biomarker, the implementation of MTAP IHC into diagnostic routine for NSCLC and other tumors is likely to take place soon. In this review article, we summarize the current literature on the role of MTAP in thoracic tumors and evaluate different testing methods, including IHC, FISH and next generation sequencing.

Topics: Humans; Purine-Nucleoside Phosphorylase; Biomarkers, Tumor; Lung Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

PubMed: 39357262
DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2024.107963

Review

Authors: Andrew D Newton, Jarrod D Predina, Shuming Nie...

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging (IFI) can improve real-time identification of cancer cells during an operation. Phase I clinical trials in thoracic surgery have demonstrated that IFI with second window indocyanine green (TumorGlow ) can identify subcentimeter pulmonary nodules, anterior mediastinal masses, and mesothelioma, while the use of a folate receptor-targeted near-infrared agent, OTL38, can improve the specificity for diagnosing tumors with folate receptor expression. Here, we review the existing preclinical and clinical data on IFI in thoracic surgery.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Adenocarcinoma of Lung; Clinical Trials as Topic; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mediastinal Neoplasms; Mesothelioma; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Optical Imaging; Solitary Pulmonary Nodule; Surgery, Computer-Assisted; Thoracic Neoplasms; Thoracic Surgical Procedures

PubMed: 30098293
DOI: 10.1002/jso.25149

Authors: J Ben Hassouna, N Hamdi, W Ben Bachouche...

Elastofibromas are rare benign soft tissue tumours that are usually located between the scapula and the rib cage deep in the serratus anterior muscle. Their anatomical location, distinctive clinical symptoms and radiological characteristics set them apart from malignant soft tissue tumours. Although they are rare, it is necessary to be aware of this benign tumour to avoid unnecessary biopsies; surgical resection may, however, be recommended to obtain a differential diagnosis from malignant sarcomas. We report three cases of elastofibroma dorsi in a 48-year-old man, a 33-year-old woman and a 42-year-old man.

Topics: Adult; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Fibroma; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Neoplasms; Scapula; Soft Tissue Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Thoracic Wall; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PubMed: 20708994
DOI: 10.1016/j.otsr.2010.03.019

Review

Authors: Ruiwen Zhao, Olga Sukocheva, Edmund Tse...

Copper is an important metal micronutrient, required for the balanced growth and normal physiological functions of human organism. Copper-related toxicity and dysbalanced metabolism were associated with the disruption of intracellular respiration and the development of various diseases, including cancer. Notably, copper-induced cell death was defined as cuproptosis which was also observed in malignant cells, representing an attractive anti-cancer instrument. Excess of intracellular copper leads to the aggregation of lipoylation proteins and toxic stress, ultimately resulting in the activation of cell death. Differential expression of cuproptosis-related genes was detected in normal and malignant tissues. Cuproptosis-related genes were also linked to the regulation of oxidative stress, immune cell responses, and composition of tumor microenvironment. Activation of cuproptosis was associated with increased expression of redox-metabolism-regulating genes, such as ferredoxin 1 (FDX1), lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS), lipoyltransferase 1 (LIPT1), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), drolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (DLAT), pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit alpha 1 (PDHA1), and pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 subunit beta (PDHB)). Accordingly, copper-activated network was suggested as an attractive target in cancer therapy. Mechanisms of cuproptosis and regulation of cuproptosis-related genes in different cancers and tumor microenvironment are discussed in this study. The analysis of current findings indicates that therapeutic regulation of copper signaling, and activation of cuproptosis-related targets may provide an effective tool for the improvement of immunotherapy regimens.

Topics: Humans; Immunotherapy; Copper; Oxidation-Reduction; Cell Death; Thoracic Neoplasms; Animals

PubMed: 39068453
DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01743-2

Review

Authors: Stefan Zimmerman, Arundhati Das, Shuhang Wang...

SCLC remains an aggressive, deadly cancer with only modest effect on survival from standard chemotherapy. However, with the advent of immunotherapy and comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic profiling, multiple new targets are showing promise in the clinical arena, and just recently programmed death ligand 1 inhibition has been shown to improve the efficacy of standard chemotherapy in extended-disease SCLC. Our increasing understanding of the interactions between different pathways will enable more tailored immunotherapy and targeted therapies based on specific biomarkers and rational combinations. Here we discuss the preclinical and clinical strides in 2017 and 2018 that put us on the threshold of a new era in therapeutics and will, it is hoped, translate into significant improvements in survival.

Topics: History, 21st Century; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Medical Oncology; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma; Thoracic Neoplasms

PubMed: 30763729
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.01.022