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Fitoterapia Sep 2021In Rwanda, the roots of Pentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae) have been used for a long time to treat Pityriasis versicolor. However, many people reported the use of...
In Rwanda, the roots of Pentas longiflora Oliv. (Rubiaceae) have been used for a long time to treat Pityriasis versicolor. However, many people reported the use of leaves instead of roots. This research was conducted to compare the phytochemical composition and establish chromatographic methods for the standardization of roots and leaves extracts of P. longiflora. During this process, three new pentalongin glycosides (pentalonginoside A, pentalonginoside B, and pentalonginoside C) and two known glycosides of the same type (harounoside and clarinoside), as well as rutin, luteolin-7-rutinoside were isolated from methanol extract of leaves. In addition, pentalongin and psychorubrin, previously isolated from ethylacetate roots extract, were also identified in Pentas longiflora ethylacetate leaves extract. The presence of the antifungal compound pentalongin in leaves may explain the traditional use of leaves in the treatment of Pytiriasis versicolor. Furthermore, harounoside, psychorubrin, and pentalongin were selected as markers for HPLC fingerprints of MeOH extract. The accuracy and risk profile demonstrated the reliability of the validated method. In general, considerable variations of concentration in plant metabolites, including pentalongin, were observed between samples from different sites. The content in pentalongin (expressed as juglone) in collected samples ranged between 1.7 and 70.0 mg/100 g. The highest concentration (70.0 ± 17 mg/100 g) was registered in the cultivated samples from Mukoni. This important variation of pentalongin concentrations according to sampling sites, shows that in order to guarantee equivalent efficacy, finished products with P. longiflora should be standardized based on their pentalongin content.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rubiaceae; Rwanda; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 34166706
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104974 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health 2016The Dominican Republic (DR) is the second largest Caribbean nation and, with Haiti, the DR accounts for nearly three-quarters of the cases of human immunodeficiency...
The Dominican Republic (DR) is the second largest Caribbean nation and, with Haiti, the DR accounts for nearly three-quarters of the cases of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the Caribbean region and the highest rates of TB in the Americas. The present study estimated the burden of serious fungal infections and some other mycoses in the DR. The data were extracted from the World Health Organization Stop Tuberculosis (WHO STOP TB) program, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), and searches for relevant literature via MEDLINE, PubMed, MedFacts, and so on. The chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA), allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), and severe asthma with fungal sensitization (SAFS) rates were derived from the asthma and TB rates. When no data regarding mycoses were available, we used specific populations at risk and the frequencies of fungal infection in each of these populations to estimate the national prevalence. Among its population of 10,090,000, we estimated that 221,027 (2.2%) have a serious fungal infection, including 158,134 women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. We estimated high numbers of 25,150 for ABPA and 34,000 for severe asthma fungal sensitization (SAFS) (250 and 529/100,000, respectively). CPA was common, with an estimated 2122 cases, of which 707 followed pulmonary TB. The annual prevalence of CPA was estimated to be 1374 cases. Four cases of histoplasmosis and several cases of chromoblastomycosis have also been reported. Pityriasis versicolor and tinea capitis are frequent in children, and 11% have kerion. Local epidemiological investigations are urgently required to validate or modify these estimates of serious fungal infections in the DR.
Topics: AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections; Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Dominican Republic; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Mycoses; Young Adult
PubMed: 26027476
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.04.026 -
Journal Der Deutschen Dermatologischen... Sep 2014Most fungal infections of the skin are caused by dermatophytes, both in Germany and globally. Tinea pedis is the most frequent fungal infection in Western industrial...
Most fungal infections of the skin are caused by dermatophytes, both in Germany and globally. Tinea pedis is the most frequent fungal infection in Western industrial countries. Tinea pedis frequently leads to tinea unguium, while in the elderly, both may then spread causing tinea corporis. A variety of body sites may be affected, including tinea glutealis, tinea faciei and tinea capitis. The latter rarely occurs in adults, but is the most frequent fungal infection in childhood. Following antifungal treatment of tinea unguium and also tinea capitis a dermatophytid or hyperergic reaction to dermatophyte antigens may occur. Yeast infections affect the mucous membranes both of the gastro-intestinal system and the genital tract as candidiasis mostly due to Candida albicans. Cutaneous candidiasis affects predominantely the intertriginous regions such as groins and the inframammary area, but also the intertriginous space of fingers and toes. In contrast, pityriasis versicolor is a superficial epidermal fungal infection primarily on the the trunk. Mold infections are rare in dermatology; they play a role nearly exclusively in nondermatophyte-mold (NDM) onychomycosis. The diagnosis of dermatomycoses comprises the microscopic detection of fungi using the potassium hydroxide preparation or alternatively the fluorescence optical Blankophor preparation together with culture. The histological fungal detection with PAS staining possesses a high sensitivity, and it should play a more important role in particular for diagnosis of onychomycosis. Molecular biological methods, based on the amplification of fungal DNA with use of specific primers for the distinct causative agents are on the rise. With PCR, such as dermatophyte-PCR-ELISA, fungi can be detected directly in clinical material in a highly specific and sensitive manner without prior culture. Today, molecular methods, such as Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) as culture confirmation assay, complete the conventional mycological diagnostics.
Topics: Dermatomycoses; Dermoscopy; Fungi; Humans; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
PubMed: 25176455
DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12420 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2005Cutaneous fungal infections are common in Singapore. The National Skin Centre is a tertiary referral centre for dermatological diseases in the country, and sees more... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Cutaneous fungal infections are common in Singapore. The National Skin Centre is a tertiary referral centre for dermatological diseases in the country, and sees more than 2,500 cases of superficial fungal infections annually.
AIM
This study analyses data collated from the centre's medical record office as well as fungal culture results from the mycology laboratory.
RESULTS
From 1999 to 2003, there were a total of 12,903 cases of superficial fungal infections seen at the centre. The majority of patients (n=9335) (72.3%) were males. The most common infection was tinea pedis (n=3516) (27.3%), followed by pityriasis versicolor (n=3249) (25.2%) and tinea cruris (n=1745) (13.5%). Candidal infections were also common (n=1430), the majority of which were cases of candidal intertrigo. There were very few cases of tinea capitis, which is uncommon in Singapore. The number of cases of onychomycosis has shown a rising trend over the past 5 years. Trichophyton rubrum was the most prevalent fungal pathogen isolated from all cases of superficial fungal infections of the skin, except for tinea pedis, where Trichophyton interdigitale was the most frequently isolated organism. Dermatophytes remain the most commonly isolated fungal pathogens isolated in toenail onychomycosis, whilst Candida species accounted for the majority of isolates in fingernail onychomycosis.
CONCLUSION
Current epidemiologic trends of superficial fungal infections in Singapore show some similarities to recent studies from the United Kingdom and United States.
Topics: Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Male; Retrospective Studies; Singapore; Skin; Tinea; Tinea Pedis; Tinea Versicolor; Trichophyton
PubMed: 15864251
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.46.77 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 1979The purpose of this investigation was to produce experimental tinea versicolor in rabbits and humans with Pityrosporum orbiculare. Inoculation with P. orbiculare under...
The purpose of this investigation was to produce experimental tinea versicolor in rabbits and humans with Pityrosporum orbiculare. Inoculation with P. orbiculare under plastic occlusion on the glabrous follicle-rich inside of the rabbit ear resulted in a tinea versicolor-like lesion after 1 week in 3 of 4 animals. One week after inoculation with P. orbiculare under plastic occlusion, experimental infections similar to those found clinically in tinea versicolor were seen in 10 of 12 patients with a history of tinea versicolor and in 3 of 6 normal volunteers. It was not possible to produce experimental infections without occlusion. Spontaneous healing usually occurred.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Malassezia; Rabbits; Skin; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 448167
DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12531766 -
Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology Aug 2014Malassezia species are lipophilic yeasts found on the skin surface of humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates. It is associated with various human diseases, especially...
BACKGROUND
Malassezia species are lipophilic yeasts found on the skin surface of humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates. It is associated with various human diseases, especially pityriasis versicolor, which is a chronic superficial skin disorder.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present study was to identify Malassezia species isolated from patients' samples affected by pityriasis versicolor, using molecular methods in Kashan, Iran.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 140 subjects, suspected of having pityriasis versicolor from Kashan, were clinically diagnosed and then confirmed by direct microscopic examination. The scraped skin specimens were inoculated in modified Dixon's medium. DNA was extracted from the colonies and PCR amplification was carried out for the 26s rDNA region. PCR products were used to further restriction fragment length polymorphism by CfoI enzyme.
RESULTS
Direct examination was positive in 93.3% of suspected pityriasis versicolor lesions. No statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of Malassezia species between women and men. The highest prevalence of tinea versicolor was seen in patients 21-30 years-of-age. No difference could be seen in the frequency of Malassezia species depending on the age of the patients. In total, 65% of patients with pityriasis versicolor had hyperhidrosis. The most commonly isolated Malassezia species in the pityriasis versicolor lesions were; Malassezia globosa (66%), M. furfur (26%), M. restricta (3%), M. sympodialis (3%), and M. slooffiae (2%). Malassezia species were mainly isolated from the neck and chest.
CONCLUSIONS
This study showed M. globosa to be the most common Malassezia species isolated from Malassezia skin disorders in Kashan, Iran. The PCR-RFLP method was useful in the rapid identification of the Malassezia species. By using these methods, the detection and identification of individual Malassezia species from clinical samples was substantially easier.
PubMed: 25485051
DOI: 10.5812/jjm.11561 -
Minerva Anestesiologica Sep 2016
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Contraindications; Disinfection; Female; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Spinal Puncture; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 27124308
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Dermatology Dec 2018Skin diseases are common and often have an impact on an individual's health-related quality of life. In rural communities where access to healthcare may be limited and...
BACKGROUND
Skin diseases are common and often have an impact on an individual's health-related quality of life. In rural communities where access to healthcare may be limited and individuals rely on farming for food and income, the impact of skin diseases may be greater. The objectives for this study were to perform an assessment of skin disease prevalence in a rural village in Laos and assess the associated impact of any skin disease found using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).
METHODS
A rural village was purposively selected and 340 participants examined by dermatologists over a four day period. Brief questionnaires were performed, followed by full body skin examinations and DLQI questionnaires completed were relevant. The data were analysed using chi square and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.
RESULTS
One hundred and eighty-one participants were found to have a skin disease (53%). The six most common skin diseases were: eczema (22%), dermatophyte infections (19%), acne (10%), scabies infestation (9%), melasma (8%) and pityriasis versicolor (4%). Just over half of those with skin disease (51%) completed the DLQI, with scores ranging from 0 to 24. Those with skin problems on examination were significantly more likely to be farmers, have had a previous skin problem, be older or live in a smaller family. Conclusions This study represents the first formal documentation of skin disease prevalence in Laos and establishes the high rate of skin disease in the rural community and the associated impact these diseases have on health-related quality of life.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bullying; Child; Child, Preschool; Dermatomycoses; Eczema; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Health Status; Humans; Infant; Laos; Male; Melanosis; Middle Aged; Neurodermatitis; Pain; Prevalence; Pruritus; Quality of Life; Rural Population; Scabies; Skin Diseases; Social Participation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tinea Versicolor; Young Adult
PubMed: 30509232
DOI: 10.1186/s12895-018-0079-8 -
JAAD Case Reports Dec 2021
PubMed: 34815994
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.10.008 -
Journal of Education and Health... 2017Some skin diseases are incurable and modern medicine can only control them. In addition, alternative treatment remedies including balneotherapy can be effective in...
INTRODUCTION
Some skin diseases are incurable and modern medicine can only control them. In addition, alternative treatment remedies including balneotherapy can be effective in improving skin conditions. However, there are only a limited number of studies on particular mineral or trace elements of mineral sources that have been identified in Iran. In this respect, the amount of minerals and trace elements in Mamasani thermal source, Fars Province, Iran, was measured using electrochemical, titration, and spectrophotometric methods and evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The amount of minerals and trace elements in Mamasani thermal source, Fars Province, Iran, was measured using electrochemical, titration, and spectrophotometric methods.
RESULTS
The concentrations of natural gases such as HS and NO in Mamasani thermal source were measured to be 22.10 mg/L and 42.79 mg/L, respectively. The source also contained major ions such as chloride, sulfate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and carbonate. Due to the high concentration of chloride, sulfate, and sodium ions in comparison with other major ions, the water source is also classified as sulfide water. The existing trace elements in this thermal water source are iron, zinc, copper, selenium, cobalt, chromium, boron, silisium, aluminum, magnesium, and molybdenum.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that bathing in this source could be beneficial. As nitrate concentration is close to the highest standard concentration for drinking water, it can be used in chronic dermatitis, psoriasis, burns, and allergy. Furthermore, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of sulfur-containing water in this source can be helpful in the treatment of leg ulcers, tinea versicolor, tinea corporis, and tinea capitis.
PubMed: 29296611
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_100_17