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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Nov 2022Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum, Uu) is a common sexually transmitted pathogen that is responsible for diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis,...
Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum, Uu) is a common sexually transmitted pathogen that is responsible for diseases such as non-gonococcal urethritis, chorioamnionitis, and neonatal respiratory diseases. The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria threatens the effective treatment of Uu infections. Considering this, vaccination could be an efficacious medical intervention to prevent Uu infection and disease. As a highly conserved molecular chaperone, DnaJ is expressed and upregulated by pathogens soon after infection. Here, we assessed the vaccine potential of recombinant Uu-DnaJ in a mouse model and dendritic cells. Results showed that intramuscular administration of DnaJ induced robust humoral- and T helper (Th) 1 cell-mediated immune responses and protected against genital tract infection, inflammation, and the pathologic sequelae after Uu infection. Importantly, the DnaJ protein also induced the maturation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs), ultimately promoting naïve T cell differentiation toward the Th1 phenotype. In addition, adoptive immunization of DnaJ-pulsed BMDCs elicited antigen-specific Immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibodies as well as a Th1-biased cellular response in mice. These results support DnaJ as a promising vaccine candidate to control Uu infections. KEY POINTS: • A novel recombinant vaccine was constructed against U. urealyticum infection. • Antigen-specific humoral and cellular immune responses after DnaJ vaccination. • Dendritic cells are activated by Uu-DnaJ, which results in a Th1-biased immune response.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Mice; Animals; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Ureaplasma Infections; Th1 Cells; Lymphocyte Activation; Vaccines
PubMed: 36269329
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12230-4 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Mar 2022The aim of this study was to analyze the present situation of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Neisseria...
Analysis of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections among obstetrics and gynecological outpatients in southwest China: a retrospective study.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to analyze the present situation of Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections among obstetrics and gynecological outpatients in southwest China.
METHODS
A total of 3225 urogenital swabs were included in this study. All swabs were tested by RNA-based simultaneous amplification and testing (SAT) methods. Routine analysis of leucorrhea smear and drug susceptibility were performed in UU positive patients.
RESULTS
Of these 3225 outpatients, the positive rate was 27.07% for UU, 4.99% for CT, 3.10% for MG, and 0.09% for NG. UU, CT, and MG infections were more common in women of reproductive age (aged 25-34 years), while NG infection was more prominent in women aged 30-34 years and over 40 years. Overall, the infection rate of UU was significantly higher than that of the other three infections, and UU also played a major role even in the mixed infections. 65.07% of the UU positive patients had negative results on routine leucorrhea smear analysis, and the remaining patients may have bacterial vaginitis (15.79%), fungal vaginitis (11.48%), trichomonas vaginitis (0.96%) or other vaginal inflammation (6.70%). We have observed that maternal UU infection can lead to low birth weight, neonatal pneumonia, and premature delivery. The results of the drug susceptibility test of UU showed a higher sensitivity to pristinamycin, doxycycline, tetracycline, clarithromycin, and josamycin (100%, 97.0%, 96.4%, 95.9%, and 95.3%, respectively), and lower sensitivity to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (2.4% and 4.7% respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
This study could contribute to a better understanding of the current epidemiological features of UU, CT, MG, and NG among obstetrics and gynecological outpatients in southwest China, and thus facilitate to development of the more effective intervention, prevention, and treatment of reproductive tract infection.
Topics: Adult; China; Chlamydia trachomatis; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mycoplasma genitalium; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Obstetrics; Outpatients; Retrospective Studies; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 35337285
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06966-z -
Infectious Disease Reports Aug 2022Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a serious public health issue due to their high prevalence and a substantial percentage of women being asymptomatic. The present...
BACKGROUND
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a serious public health issue due to their high prevalence and a substantial percentage of women being asymptomatic. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of three STD-causative pathogens in asymptomatic women from Southern Ecuador, with the ultimate purpose of updating the epidemiological data and obtaining a timely diagnosis, which can prevent further complications.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 102 asymptomatic women from Cuenca, Ecuador, who underwent a cervical cytology examination. They met all the inclusion criteria and signed the consent form. Nucleic acids were extracted from each sample, and PCR and flow-through hybridization were performed to detect the pathogens responsible for three STDs. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to define and describe the study population, obtain the frequency data, and measure central tendencies to determine possible associations among the variables.
RESULTS
We found that 49.02% of the participants were infected with at least one of the three microorganisms, with 48.04% and 2.94% carrying (UU) and (CT), respectively. (NG) infection was not observed. Among the participants, 1.96% presented co-infections with CT and UU. Approximately half of the participants presented with asymptomatic infections caused by at least one microorganism.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrates the importance of conducting regular STD screening programs for high-risk asymptomatic women.
PubMed: 36136820
DOI: 10.3390/idr14050070 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Jun 2016The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis among female outpatients treated...
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis among female outpatients treated for genital infection at a Chinese hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2013.
METHODS
Samples from 6051 female outpatients were analyzed using Mycoplasma Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (ID/AST).
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of U. urealyticum was higher than the prevalence of single M. hominis infection (31.2% vs 0.7%) and coinfections (31.2% vs. 1.9%). The percentage of U. urealyticum and/or M. hominis detected in the 30-39 year age group was greater than in the other age groups. More than 94.6% of the U. urealyticum isolates, 100% of the M. hominis isolates, and 84.3% of the isolates from coinfections were susceptible to doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline. More than 69.2% of the U. urealyticum isolates were susceptible to azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, and roxithromycin, but > 95.6% of the M. hominis isolates and 89.6% of the isolates from coinfections were resistant to these antibiotics. Acetylspiramycin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin were inactive against more than one-half of the isolates. More than 75.6% of the M. hominis isolates were susceptible to spectinomycin, but > 87.1% of the U. urealyticum and 93.3% of the coinfection isolates were resistant to this antibiotic. Isolates from three coinfections were completely resistant to the 14 antibiotics.
CONCLUSION
The determination of antimicrobial susceptibility of these mycoplasma species is often crucial for optimal antimicrobial therapy of infected outpatients.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Coinfection; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Outpatients; Retrospective Studies; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 25081985
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2014.06.007 -
Yonsei Medical Journal Sep 2016Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and complicate...
Mycoplasma hominis (M. hominis) and Ureaplasma urealyticum (U. urealyticum) are important opportunistic pathogens that cause urogenital infections and complicate pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, effects on pregnancy outcomes, and antimicrobial susceptibilities of M. hominis and U. urealyticum. We tested vaginal swabs obtained from 1035 pregnant women for the presence of genital mycoplasmas between June 2009 and May 2014. The laboratory and clinical aspects of genital mycoplasmas infection were reviewed retrospectively, and the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of genital mycoplasmas were determined using the Mycoplasma IST-2 kit. A total of 571 instances of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum were detected. Of them, M. hominis was detected in two specimens, whereas U. urealyticum was detected in 472 specimens. The remaining 97 specimens were positive for both M. hominis and U. urealyticum. Preterm deliveries were frequently observed in cases of mixed infection of M. hominis and U. urealyticum, and instances of preterm premature rupture of membrane were often found in cases of U. urealyticum. The rates of non-susceptible isolates to erythromycin, empirical agents for pregnant women, showed increasing trends. In conclusion, the prevalence of M. hominis and/or U. urealyticum infections in pregnant women is high, and the resistance rate of antimicrobial agents tends to increase. Therefore, to maintain a safe pregnancy, it is important to identify the isolates and use appropriate empirical antibiotics immediately.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Young Adult
PubMed: 27401661
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.5.1271 -
Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Mar 2019To assess positive culture rate and antimicrobial susceptibilities of (MH) and (UU) in symptomatic general population and pregnant women admitted with preterm labor...
OBJECTIVE
To assess positive culture rate and antimicrobial susceptibilities of (MH) and (UU) in symptomatic general population and pregnant women admitted with preterm labor and premature rupture of membranes.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients who have undergone culture test and antimicrobial susceptibilities at our center from January 2017 to April 2018. Patients with positive culture for MH, UU, or both were included in this study.
RESULTS
There were 200 patients who were eligible for enrollment. Of these patients, 34 (17%) were pregnant women and 166 (83%) were non-pregnant women. Of these 200 patients, positive culture results were as follows: MH only, n=10 (5%); UU only, n=58 (29%); and both MH and UU, n=36 (18%). Susceptibilities of MH only to doxycycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin were 100%, 10%, 40%, and 0%, respectively. Susceptibilities of UU only to doxycycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin were 94.8%, 87.9%, 5.2%, and 81%, respectively. Susceptibilities of both MH and UU to doxycycline, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin were 97.2%, 5.6%, 11.1%, and 11.1%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
UU only was the leading causative pathogen for genitourinary infection in our study. MH only accounted for about one sixth of UU only infections. Doxycycline was still the best antibiotics as most patients with MH only, UU only, or both MH and UU positive culture showed susceptibility. For ciprofloxacin, less than 12% of those with UU only and both MH and UU culture positive results showed susceptibility.
PubMed: 30918881
DOI: 10.5468/ogs.2019.62.2.127 -
Heliyon Mar 2023, , and are commensal bacteria that are associated with colonization and infection of the urogenital tract. However, colonization of the respiratory tract by these...
BACKGROUND
, , and are commensal bacteria that are associated with colonization and infection of the urogenital tract. However, colonization of the respiratory tract by these microorganisms in adults has not been fully investigated.
METHODS
Urine and respiratory tract samples (sputum, tracheal aspirates, and bronchoalveolar lavage) of patients aged 20-80 years were analyzed to detect the presence of , , and using a conventional PCR method. The samples were submitted to the microbiological clinical laboratory of Hiroshima University Hospital from December 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022.
RESULTS
In total, 334 urine and 238 respiratory tract samples were analyzed. The overall detection rates of , , and were 2.9%, 1.7%, and 2.3% in male urine; 7.0%, 13.8%, and 1.9% in female urine; 2.2%, 0%, and 2.2% in male respiratory tract; and 0%, 2.0%, and 0% in female respiratory tract, respectively. In urine samples, the detection rates of , , and were significantly higher (p < 0.001) for women (29/159; 18.2%) than for men (10/175; 5.7%); however, in respiratory tract samples, the detection rates were not significantly different (p = 0.70) between women (2/101; 2.0%) and men (5/137; 3.7%). Further, both the urine and respiratory samples of 83 patients were analyzed. Three male samples were positive for or , and and were matched in both the urine and respiratory tract samples: (n = 1), (n = 1), + (n = 1).
CONCLUSION
, , and were detected in the respiratory tract of not only the young patients, but also of patients aged 50-60 years. Further studies are required to understand the relationship of these microorganisms in urogenital and respiratory tract samples with extra-genital infections.
PubMed: 36967949
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14543 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022To explore the risk of Ureaplasma urealyticum () affecting sperm quality.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the risk of Ureaplasma urealyticum () affecting sperm quality.
METHODS
Prospective cross-sectional study was conducted. In total, 340 semen samples were collected. According to whether they were infected with UU, the samples were divided into the UU-positive group () and UU-negative group (). The patients with UU-positive were followed up to obtain treatment and collected the semen again after treatment. The semen characteristics and sperm parameters were detected and compared, and the relationship of UU and the sperm quality was analyzed by mathematical models.
RESULTS
There were 104 UU-positive semen samples in all, with an overall infection rate of 30.6%, which was highest in 31 to 40-year-old men, and over 40-year-old men were the lowest. The pH, PR, VCL, VSL, and STR in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( < 0.001), while SV, NP, and WOB were significantly higher ( < 0.001). After treatment, the pH, VSL, LIN, WOB, and STR in the observation group were significantly higher than before ( < 0.001), while SV and VCL were significantly lower ( < 0.001). UU infection was closely correlated with pH, PR, NP, VCL, VSL, WOB, and STR. During the treatment, pH, PR, VSL, WOB, and STR increased, but NP and VCL decreased. 7 major factors that would affect SQ were extracted, of which VAP, LIN, and UU were the first three main factors. The risk of SQ declining after UU infection increased nearly twice with the change of PR and VCL and increased 0.08 times with STR.
CONCLUSION
UU may approximately double the risk of altering the sperm's curvilinear movement rate and straightness to affect the sperm quality.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Models, Theoretical; Prospective Studies; Spermatozoa; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 35664640
DOI: 10.1155/2022/2498306 -
Epidemiology and Infection Aug 2017Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum have been associated with genital infections. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ureaplasmas and other sexually...
Ureaplasma urealyticum and U. parvum have been associated with genital infections. The purpose of this study was to detect the presence of ureaplasmas and other sexually transmitted infections in sexually active women from Brazil and relate these data to demographic and sexual health, and cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Samples of cervical swab of 302 women were examined at the Family Health Units in Vitória da Conquista. The frequency of detection by conventional PCR was 76·2% for Mollicutes. In qPCR, the frequency found was 16·6% for U. urealyticum and 60·6% U. parvum and the bacterial load of these microorganisms was not significantly associated with signs and symptoms of genital infection. The frequency found for Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Gardnerella vaginalis and Chlamydia trachomatis was 3·0%, 21·5%, 42·4% and 1·7%, respectively. Higher levels of IL-1β were associated with control women colonized by U. urealyticum and U. parvum. Increased levels of IL-6 were associated with women who exhibited U. parvum. Sexually active women, with more than one sexual partner in the last 3 months, living in a rural area were associated with increased odds of certain U. parvum serovar infection.
Topics: Adult; Bacterial Infections; Brazil; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum; Young Adult
PubMed: 28637523
DOI: 10.1017/S0950268817001145 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy May 2020Antibiotic resistance is a global concern; however, data on antibiotic-resistant spp. and are limited in comparison to similar data on other microbes. A total of 492...
Antibiotic resistance is a global concern; however, data on antibiotic-resistant spp. and are limited in comparison to similar data on other microbes. A total of 492 spp. and 13 strains obtained in Hangzhou, China, in 2018 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing for levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and doxycycline using the broth microdilution method. The mechanisms underlying quinolone and macrolide resistance were determined. Meanwhile, a model of the topoisomerase IV complex bound to levofloxacin in wild-type spp. was built to study the quinolone resistance mutations. For spp., the levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and erythromycin resistance rates were 84.69%, 51.44%, and 3.59% in and 82.43%, 62.16%, and 5.40% in , respectively. Of the 13 strains, 11 were resistant to both levofloxacin and moxifloxacin, and five strains showed clindamycin resistance. ParC S83L was the most prevalent mutation in levofloxacin-resistant strains, followed by ParE R448K. The two mutations GyrA S153L and ParC S91I were commonly identified in quinolone-resistant A molecular dynamics-refined structure revealed that quinolone resistance-associated mutations inhibited the interaction and reduced affinity with gyrase or topoisomerase IV and quinolones. The novel mutations S21A in the L4 protein and G2654T and T2245C in 23S rRNA and the gene were identified in erythromycin-resistant spp. As fluoroquinolone resistance in spp. and remains high in China, the rational use of antibiotics needs to be further enhanced.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; China; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Macrolides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mycoplasma Infections; Mycoplasma hominis; Quinolones; Ureaplasma; Ureaplasma Infections; Ureaplasma urealyticum
PubMed: 32229497
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.02560-19