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Journal of Women's Health Physical... 20211) examine the relationship between spine, hip, and pelvis movement patterns and urinary urgency and frequency 2) report the prevalence of pelvic girdle and hip joint...
OBJECTIVES
1) examine the relationship between spine, hip, and pelvis movement patterns and urinary urgency and frequency 2) report the prevalence of pelvic girdle and hip joint impairments among women with and without urinary urgency and frequency 3) report the most common movement impairments observed in women with and without urinary urgency and frequency.
METHODS
Women age 18-60 with urinary urgency and frequency were matched 1:1 to women without on age, body mass index, and vaginal parity. Participants completed primary movement tests of the hip, pelvis and spine. Additional clinical tests included Stork test, sidelying position, pubic symphysis palpation, flexion-abduction-external rotation, flexion-adduction-internal rotation, and seated hip internal and external rotation. Urge symptoms were monitored before and during each test. Movement patterns and positioning of the thoracic and lumbar spine, pelvis, and hips were observed. Secondary tests to correct a movement or positional impairment were performed if an impairment was noted or if symptoms were provoked during the primary test.
RESULTS
42 women completed testing. More participants with urinary urgency and frequency 1) demonstrated impairments during forward bend, single leg stance, sidelying and Stork tests; 2) reported urgency provocation during forward bend, flexion-adduction-internal rotation test, pubic symphysis palpation, and hip internal rotation; and 3) reported symptom relief with sidelying position secondary test; and secondary tests of the thoracic, lumbar and hip regions compared to those without.
CONCLUSION
Musculoskeletal impairments may be associated with urinary urgency and frequency and should therefore be considered when determining management options for these patients.
PubMed: 35002578
DOI: 10.1097/jwh.0000000000000211 -
Annals of Translational Medicine Jan 2017This review provides the clinical context and updated information regarding the female urinary microbiota (FUM), a resident microbial community within the female bladder... (Review)
Review
This review provides the clinical context and updated information regarding the female urinary microbiota (FUM), a resident microbial community within the female bladder of many adult women. Microbial communities have variability and distinct characteristics in health, as well as during community disruption (dysbiosis). Information concerning characteristics of the FUM in health and disease is emerging. Sufficient data confirms that the microbes that compose the FUM are not contaminants and are cultivatable under appropriate conditions. Common clinical conditions, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), a common form of urinary incontinence (UI), may be usefully reconsidered to determine the role of the FUM. Knowledge of FUM characteristics may help advance prevention, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions and other common lower urinary disorders in women. The FUM appears related to UTI and UUI in adult women. The specific role of the FUM remains to be clarified and requires significant additional work in describing FUM variability and resilience in health. Unique aspects of the FUM prompt re-evaluation of existing nomenclature to more appropriately define health and disease; the concept of dysbiosis may be useful for understanding the interaction of the FUM with other aspects of lower urinary tract physiology, including urothelial signaling. Clinicians, through their clinical laboratories, can adopt enhanced urine culture techniques that more fully describe the living microbes within the FUM. This additional information may provide clinicians and their patients an opportunity to impact clinical care without antibiotic use, if the FUM can be appropriately modified to improve treatment precision for UTI and UUI.
PubMed: 28217699
DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.11.62 -
Indian Journal of Urology : IJU :... 2022The presence of urgency urinary incontinence (U/UUI) after sling surgery is a common reason for dissatisfaction and imposition on quality of life. We aimed to evaluate... (Review)
Review
The presence of urgency urinary incontinence (U/UUI) after sling surgery is a common reason for dissatisfaction and imposition on quality of life. We aimed to evaluate and analyze the pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of U/UUI after sling surgery. A MEDLINE review was performed for relevant, English-language articles relating to storage and emptying symptoms after sling surgery. U/UUI may persist, be improved, or worsen in women with preoperative mixed urinary incontinence and may appear de novo in those women originally presenting with pure stress urinary incontinence (SUI). While the exact mechanism is not clear, partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) should always be suspected, especially in those women with worsened or symptoms soon after sling surgery. Initial workup should elucidate the temporality, quality, and bother associated with symptoms and to evaluate the woman for urinary tract infection (UTI), pelvic organ prolapse (POP), or perforation of the lower urinary tract. The utility of urodynamics in attaining a definitive diagnosis of BOO is inconclusive. Treatment options include reevaluation of the patient after sling incision or after addressing UTI, POP, and perforation of the bladder or urethra. Women also typically undergo a multitiered approach to storage lower urinary tract symptoms outlined in the American Urological Association/Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction Overactive Bladder Guidelines. While improvement is typically seen with multimodality treatment, all women should be counseled regarding need for additional treatment for U/UUI, BOO, and SUI in the future.
PubMed: 36568453
DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_147_22 -
Investigative and Clinical Urology Nov 2021The urinary tract likely plays a role in the development of various urinary diseases due to the recently recognized notion that urine is not sterile. In this mini... (Review)
Review
The urinary tract likely plays a role in the development of various urinary diseases due to the recently recognized notion that urine is not sterile. In this mini review, we summarize the current literature regarding the urinary microbiome and mycobiome and its relationship to various urinary diseases. It has been recently discovered that the healthy urinary tract contains a host of microorganisms, creating a urinary microbiome. The relative abundance and type of bacteria varies, but generally, deviations in the standard microbiome are observed in individuals with urologic diseases, such as bladder cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, urgency urinary incontinence, overactive bladder syndrome, interstitial cystitis, bladder pain syndrome, and urinary tract infections. However, whether this change is causative, or correlative has yet to be determined. In summary, the urinary tract hosts a complex microbiome. Changes in this microbiome may be indicative of urologic diseases and can be tracked to predict, prevent, and treat them in individuals. However, current analytical and sampling collection methods may present limitations to the development in the understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship with various urinary diseases. Further research on the differences between healthy and diseased microbiomes, the long-term effects of antibiotic treatments on the urobiome, and the effect of the urinary mycobiome on general health will be important in developing a comprehensive understanding of the urinary microbiome and its relationship to the human body.
Topics: Causality; Humans; Metagenome; Microbiota; Urinary Tract; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 34729961
DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210312 -
Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases Jan 2021To characterize the prevalence, onset, and burden of urinary and bowel dysfunction in adult patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and to evaluate any sex differences...
OBJECTIVE
To characterize the prevalence, onset, and burden of urinary and bowel dysfunction in adult patients with adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and to evaluate any sex differences in symptom presentation.
METHODS
In this retrospective and prospective study, we performed medical record review (n = 103), analyzed the results of clinically indicated urodynamic testing (n = 11), and developed and distributed a symptom and quality of life (QOL) survey (n = 59).
RESULTS
Urinary and bowel symptoms are highly prevalent in both males (75.0%) and females (78.8%) in this population, most commonly urinary urgency, often leading to incontinence. Time to onset of first urinary or bowel symptom occurs approximately a decade earlier in males. Seventy-two percent of symptomatic patients report a limitation to QOL. Urodynamic evaluation provides evidence of three distinct mechanisms underlying lower urinary tract dysfunction: involuntary detrusor contractions (indicating uncontrolled neuronal stimulation with or without leakage), motor underactivity of the bladder, and asynergy between detrusor contraction and sphincter relaxation.
CONCLUSIONS
Beyond gait and balance difficulties, urinary and bowel symptoms are common in adults with ALD and impair QOL. Males are affected at a younger age but both sexes experience a higher symptom burden with age. As this population also experiences gait and balance impairment, patients with ALD are more vulnerable to urinary urgency leading to incontinence. Urodynamic evaluation may help better elucidate the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction, which can allow more targeted treatment.
Topics: Adrenoleukodystrophy; Adult; Female; Gait; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Urinary Tract
PubMed: 33407709
DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01596-1 -
International Journal of Nephrology 2020Acute kidney injury secondary to obstructive nephropathy is a frequent event that accounts for 5 to 10% of all acute kidney injury cases and has a great impact on the... (Review)
Review
Acute kidney injury secondary to obstructive nephropathy is a frequent event that accounts for 5 to 10% of all acute kidney injury cases and has a great impact on the morbidity and mortality in those affected. The obstruction in the urinary tract has a profound impact on kidney function due to damage produced by ischemic and inflammatory factors that have been associated with intense fibrosis. This pathology is characterized by its effects on the management of fluids, electrolytes, and the acid-base mechanisms by the renal tubule; consequently, metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, uremia, and anuria are seen during acute kidney injury due to obstructive nephropathy, and after drainage, polyuria may occur. Acute urine retention is the typical presentation. The diagnosis consists of a complete medical history and should include changes in urinary voiding and urgency and enuresis, history of urinary tract infections, hematuria, renal lithiasis, prior urinary interventions, and constipation. Imaging studies included tomography or ultrasound in which hydronephrosis can be seen. Management includes, in addition to drainage of the obstructed urinary tract system, providing supportive treatment, correcting all the metabolic abnormalities, and initiating renal replacement therapy when required. Although its recovery is in most cases favorable, it seems to be an undervalued event in nephrology and urology. This is because it is mistakenly believed that the resolution and recovery of kidney function is complete once the urinary tract is unobstructed. It can have serious kidney sequelae. In this review, we report the epidemiology, incidence, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of acute kidney injury due to obstructive nephropathy.
PubMed: 33312728
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8846622 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Overactive bladder (OAB) is a clinical syndrome defined by urinary urgency, increased daytime urinary frequency and/or nocturia, with or without urinary incontinence,... (Review)
Review
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a clinical syndrome defined by urinary urgency, increased daytime urinary frequency and/or nocturia, with or without urinary incontinence, that affects approximately 11% of the western population. OAB is accepted as an idiopathic disorder, and is charactersied clinically in the absence of other organic diseases, including urinary tract infection. Despite this, a growing body of research provides evidence that a significant proportion of OAB patients have active bladder infection. This review discusses the key findings of recent laboratory and clinical studies, providing insight into the relationship between urinary tract infection, bladder inflammation, and the pathophysiology of OAB. We summarise an array of clinical studies that find OAB patients are significantly more likely than control patients to have pathogenic bacteria in their urine and increased bladder inflammation. This review reveals the complex nature of OAB, and highlights key laboratory studies that have begun to unravel how urinary tract infection and bladder inflammation can induce urinary urgency and urinary frequency. The evidence presented in this review supports the concept that urinary tract infection may be an underappreciated contributor to the pathophysiology of some OAB patients.
PubMed: 35860658
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.886782 -
International Neurourology Journal Sep 2022Urine is no longer considered to be sterile. After the existence of the microbiome was revealed through metagenomic analysis using next-generation sequencing, the...
Urine is no longer considered to be sterile. After the existence of the microbiome was revealed through metagenomic analysis using next-generation sequencing, the relationship between characteristics of the microbiome and diseases have been studied and published in various journals. A microbiome exists in the urinary tract and is associated with urinary tract infection, malignancy of the genitourinary tract, and lower urinary tract symptoms. Based on the urine sampling method, sampling site, culture method, and sex, the characteristics of the microbiome vary. Most of the Lactobacillus species are identified mainly in women, and various other species are identified in men. These microorganisms can cause or prevent various diseases. Variations in the microbiome are seen in those with and without disease, and an asymptomatic status does not indicate the absence of microbes. This microbiome has been implicated in a variety of lower urinary tract symptoms and diseases, in particular, overactive bladder. The microbiome differs between patients with urgency and urge urinary incontinence and healthy individuals. There are many aspects of the microbiome yet to be studied in relation to other lower urinary tract symptoms.
PubMed: 35468617
DOI: 10.5213/inj.2244016.008 -
Biology Mar 2022Ketamine was first synthesized as a clinical medicine for anesthesia in 1970. It has been used as a recreational drug because of its low cost and hallucination effect in... (Review)
Review
Ketamine was first synthesized as a clinical medicine for anesthesia in 1970. It has been used as a recreational drug because of its low cost and hallucination effect in the past decade. Part of ketamine abusers may experience ketamine-related cystitis (KC) and suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms, including urinary frequency, urgency, and severe bladder pain. As the disease progression, a contracted bladder, petechial hemorrhage of the bladder mucosa, and ureteral stricture with hydronephrosis may occur. The pathophysiology of KC is still uncertain, although several hypotheses have been raised. Cessation of ketamine abuse is critical for the management of KC to prevent progressive disease, and effective treatment has not been established. Research has provided some theoretical bases for developing in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical trials. This review summarized evidence of molecular mechanisms of KC and potential treatment strategies for KC. Further basic and clinical studies will help us better understand the mechanism and develop an effective treatment for KC.
PubMed: 35453701
DOI: 10.3390/biology11040502 -
Clinical Journal of the American... Mar 2015Urine differs greatly in ion and solute composition from plasma and contains harmful and noxious substances that must be stored for hours and then eliminated when it is... (Review)
Review
Urine differs greatly in ion and solute composition from plasma and contains harmful and noxious substances that must be stored for hours and then eliminated when it is socially convenient to do so. The urinary tract that handles this output is composed of a series of pressurizable muscular compartments separated by sphincteric structures. With neural input, these structures coordinate the delivery, collection, and, ultimately, expulsion of urine. Despite large osmotic and chemical gradients in this waste fluid, the bladder maintains a highly impermeable surface in the face of a physically demanding biomechanical environment, which mandates recurring cycles of surface area expansion and increased wall tension during filling, followed by rapid wall compression during voiding. Afferent neuronal inflow from mucosa and submucosa communicates sensory information about bladder fullness, and voiding is initiated consciously through coordinated central and spinal efferent outflow to the detrusor, trigonal internal sphincter, and external urethral sphincter after periods of relative quiescence. Provocative new findings suggest that in some cases, lower urinary tract symptoms, such as incontinence, urgency, frequency, overactivity, and pain may be viewed as a consequence of urothelial defects (either urothelial barrier breakdown or inappropriate signaling from urothelial cells to underlying sensory afferents and potentially interstitial cells). This review describes the physiologic and anatomic mechanisms by which urine is moved from the kidney to the bladder, stored, and then released. Relevant clinical examples of urinary tract dysfunction are also discussed.
Topics: Humans; Interstitial Cells of Cajal; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neural Pathways; Ureter; Urethra; Urinary Bladder; Urination; Urothelium
PubMed: 24742475
DOI: 10.2215/CJN.04520413