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Biotechnology Journal Jan 2022Vaccination created a great breakthrough toward the improvement to the global health. The development of vaccines and their use made a substantial decrease and control... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Vaccination created a great breakthrough toward the improvement to the global health. The development of vaccines and their use made a substantial decrease and control in infectious diseases. The abundance and emergence of new vaccines has facilitated targeting populations to alleviate and eliminate contagious pathogens from their innate reservoir. However, along with the infections like malaria and HIV, effective immunization remains obscure and imparts a great challenge to science.
PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The novel Corona virus SARS-CoV-2 is the reason for the 2019 COVID-19 pandemic in the human global population, in the first half of 2019. The need for establishing a protected and compelling COVID-19 immunization is a global prerequisite to end this pandemic.
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
The different vaccine technologies like inactivation, attenuation, nucleic acid, viral vector, subunit, and viral particle based techniques are employed to develop a safe and highly efficient vaccine. The progress in vaccine development for SARS-CoV2 is much faster in the history of science. Even though there exist of lot of limitations, continuous efforts has put forward so as to develop highly competent and effective vaccine for many human and animal linked diseases due to its unlimited prospective. This review article focuses on the historical outlook and the development of the vaccine as it is a crucial area of research where the life of the human is saved from various potential diseases.
Topics: Animals; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Pandemics; Prospective Studies; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination; Vaccine Development; Vaccines
PubMed: 34665927
DOI: 10.1002/biot.202100188 -
Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses Mar 2018The single radial immunodiffusion assay has been the accepted method for determining the potency of inactivated influenza vaccines since 1978. The worldwide adoption of... (Review)
Review
The single radial immunodiffusion assay has been the accepted method for determining the potency of inactivated influenza vaccines since 1978. The worldwide adoption of this assay for vaccine standardisation was facilitated through collaborative studies that demonstrated a high level of reproducibility and its applicability to the different types of influenza vaccine being produced at that time. Clinical evidence indicated the relevance of SRID as a potency assay. Unique features of the SRID assay are likely responsible for its longevity even as newer technologies for vaccine characterisation have been developed and refined. Nevertheless, there are significant limitations to the SRID assay that indicate the need for improvement, and there has been a substantial amount of work undertaken in recent years to develop and evaluate alternative potency assays, including collaborative studies involving research laboratories, regulatory agencies and vaccine manufacturers. Here, we provide an overview of the history of inactivated influenza vaccine potency testing, the current state of alternative assay development and the some of the major challenges to be overcome before implementation of new assays for potency determination.
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Vaccine Potency
PubMed: 29356318
DOI: 10.1111/irv.12543 -
Viruses Dec 2021We acknowledge the publications for this Special Issue, "Basic Studies for Vaccine Development Targeting Virus Infections" [...].
We acknowledge the publications for this Special Issue, "Basic Studies for Vaccine Development Targeting Virus Infections" [...].
Topics: Animals; Humans; Orthomyxoviridae; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Transcriptome; Vaccine Development; Virus Diseases; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 35062260
DOI: 10.3390/v14010057 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology Mar 2024
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Humans; Vaccine Development; Vaccines
PubMed: 38687309
DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_259_24 -
Bulletin of the World Health... Oct 2022
Topics: Africa; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; Vaccine Development
PubMed: 36188025
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.22.287958 -
Vaccine Dec 2021In the race to deploy vaccines to prevent COVID-19, there is a need to understand factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Secondary risk theory is a useful framework to...
INTRODUCTION
In the race to deploy vaccines to prevent COVID-19, there is a need to understand factors influencing vaccine hesitancy. Secondary risk theory is a useful framework to explain this, accounting for concerns about vaccine efficacy and safety.
METHODS
During the first week of July, 2020, participants (N = 216) evaluated one of three different hypothetical vaccine scenarios describing an FDA-approved vaccine becoming available "next week," "in one year," or "in two years." Dependent variables were perceived vaccine efficacy, self-efficacy, perceived vaccine risk, and vaccination willingness. Covariates included vaccine conspiracy beliefs, science pessimism, media dependency, and perceived COVID-19 risk. Data analysis employed multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
RESULTS
Perceived vaccine efficacy was lowest for the next-week vaccine (η = .045). Self-efficacy was higher for the two-year vaccine than the next-week vaccine (η = .029). Perceived vaccine risk was higher for the next-week vaccine than for the one-year vaccine (η = .032). Vaccination willingness did not differ among experimental treatments. In addition, vaccine conspiracy beliefs were negatively related to perceived vaccine efficacy (η = .142), self-efficacy (η = .031), and vaccination willingness (η = .143) and positively related to perceived vaccine risk (η = .216).
CONCLUSIONS
The rapid development of the COVID-19 vaccine may have heightened public concerns over efficacy, availability, and safety. However, the current findings showed a general willingness to take even the most rapidly developed vaccine. Nonetheless, there remains a need to communicate publicly and transparently about vaccine efficacy and safety and work to reduce vaccine conspiracy beliefs.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccination Hesitancy; Vaccine Development; Vaccine Efficacy
PubMed: 34802786
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.014 -
Archives of Razi Institute Oct 2022COVID-19 caused a serious threat to the world population as it spread worldwide rapidly. Existing medicines and vaccines could not cure and control this deadly disease.... (Review)
Review
COVID-19 caused a serious threat to the world population as it spread worldwide rapidly. Existing medicines and vaccines could not cure and control this deadly disease. In this regard, several vaccines have been proposed and designed to control this infection's spread effectively. Along with these vaccines, the general population should adopt specific lifestyle interventions to strengthen their immune system and combat deadly viruses. We used Google Scholar and PubMed databases to find the related information using key terms such as 'COVID-19', 'COVID-19 AND Vaccine efficacy', 'Lifestyle intervention AND COVID-19', and "Lifestyle intervention AND Vaccines," etc. Only articles that discussed the interactions between lifestyle intervention and the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines were selected for this study. Several previous clinical trials and scientific observations with influenza, polio, and other viral vaccines have demonstrated that vaccine response varies across individuals for antibody titer, independent of vaccine antigenicity. This different vaccine response observed among individuals is attributed to several factors such as dietary and nutritional habits, physical activity, stress and sleep deprivation, deficiency of micronutrients (minerals, vitamins), gut microbiota composition, immunosenescence, smoking, and drinking habits. Although there is not much information about COVID-19 vaccine efficacy and lifestyle interventions, experience with other vaccines can undoubtedly be used to suggest lifestyle interventions to improve COVID-19 vaccine efficacy. These lifestyle interventions may boost antibody responses against COVID-19 vaccines, leading to higher protection from the disease, especially among elderly and immunocompromised people. In conclusion, the present review attempts to understand the role of various nutritional and psychological factors that lead to poor vaccine response and suggests specific nutritional and psychological interventions that can enhance vaccine efficacy and improve immune response against COVID-19 vaccines.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine Efficacy; Life Style
PubMed: 37123146
DOI: 10.22092/ARI.2021.356491.1854 -
Parasitology International Apr 2022Existing control measures have significantly reduced malaria morbidity and mortality in the last two decades, although these reductions are now stalling. Significant... (Review)
Review
Existing control measures have significantly reduced malaria morbidity and mortality in the last two decades, although these reductions are now stalling. Significant efforts have been undertaken to develop malaria vaccines. Recently, extensive progress in malaria vaccine development has been made for Plasmodium falciparum. To date, only the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine has been tested in Phase 3 clinical trials and is now under implementation, despite modest efficacy. Therefore, the development of a malaria transmission-blocking vaccine (TBV) will be essential for malaria elimination. Only a limited number of TBVs have reached pre-clinical or clinical development with several major challenges impeding their development, including low immunogenicity in humans. TBV development efforts against P. vivax, the second major cause of malaria morbidity, lag far behind those for P. falciparum. In this review we summarize the latest progress, challenges and innovations in P. vivax TBV research and discuss how to accelerate its development.
Topics: Humans; Malaria Vaccines; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Vaccine Development
PubMed: 34896614
DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2021.102525 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jan 2023Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 is a complicated disease. Clinicians are continuously facing difficulties to treat infected... (Review)
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced COVID-19 is a complicated disease. Clinicians are continuously facing difficulties to treat infected patients using the principle of repurposing of drugs as no specific drugs are available to treat COVID-19. To minimize the severity and mortality, global vaccination is the only hope as a potential preventive measure. After a year-long global research and clinical struggle, 165 vaccine candidates have been developed and some are currently still in the pipeline. A total of 28 candidate vaccines have been approved for use and the remainder are in different phases of clinical trials. In this comprehensive report, the authors aim to demonstrate, classify and provide up-to-date clinical trial status of all the vaccines discovered to date and specifically focus on the approved candidates. Finally, the authors specifically focused on the vaccination of different types of medically distinct populations.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Vaccines; Viral Vaccines; Vaccine Development
PubMed: 36184710
DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15552 -
International Immunopharmacology Oct 2022The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic that has wreaked havoc on... (Review)
Review
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-caused Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently a global pandemic that has wreaked havoc on public health, lives, and the global economy. The present COVID-19 outbreak has put pressure on the scientific community to develop medications and vaccinations to combat COVID-19. However, according to highly optimistic forecasts, we could not have a COVID-19 vaccine until September 2020. This is due to the fact that a successful COVID-19 vaccine will necessitate a careful validation of effectiveness and adverse reactivity given that the target vaccine population includes high-risk people over 60, particularly those with severe co-morbid conditions, frontline healthcare professionals, and those involved in essential industrial sectors. For passive immunization, which is being considered for Covid-19, there are several platforms for vaccine development, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The COVID-19 pandemic, which is arguably the deadliest in the last 100 years after the Spanish flu, necessitates a swift assessment of the various approaches for their ability to incite protective immunity and safety to prevent unintended immune potentiation, which is crucial to the pathogenesis of this virus. Considering the pandemic's high fatality rate and rapid spread, an efficient vaccination is critical for its management. As a result, academia, industry, and government are collaborating in unprecedented ways to create and test a wide range of vaccinations. In this review, we summarize the Covid-19 vaccine development initiatives, recent trends, difficulties, comparison between traditional vaccines development and Covid-19 vaccines development also listed the approved/authorized, phase-3 and pre-clinical trials Covid-19 vaccines in different countries.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; History, 20th Century; Humans; Influenza Pandemic, 1918-1919; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine Development
PubMed: 35994853
DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109175