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Applied and Environmental Microbiology Jun 2020Quantitative physiological studies on commonly use synthetic media (SM) that contain a set of water-soluble growth factors that, based on their roles in human...
Quantitative physiological studies on commonly use synthetic media (SM) that contain a set of water-soluble growth factors that, based on their roles in human nutrition, are referred to as B vitamins. Previous work demonstrated that in CEN.PK113-7D, requirements for biotin were eliminated by laboratory evolution. In the present study, this laboratory strain was shown to exhibit suboptimal specific growth rates when either inositol, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, -aminobenzoic acid (ABA), or thiamine was omitted from SM. Subsequently, this strain was evolved in parallel serial-transfer experiments for fast aerobic growth on glucose in the absence of individual B vitamins. In all evolution lines, specific growth rates reached at least 90% of the growth rate observed in SM supplemented with a complete B vitamin mixture. Fast growth was already observed after a few transfers on SM without -inositol, nicotinic acid, or ABA. Reaching similar results in SM lacking thiamine, pyridoxine, or pantothenate required more than 300 generations of selective growth. The genomes of evolved single-colony isolates were resequenced, and for each B vitamin, a subset of non-synonymous mutations associated with fast vitamin-independent growth was selected. These mutations were introduced in a non-evolved reference strain using CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing. For each B vitamin, the introduction of a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve a substantially increased specific growth rate in non-supplemented SM that represented at least 87% of the specific growth rate observed in fully supplemented complete SM. Many strains of , a popular platform organism in industrial biotechnology, carry the genetic information required for synthesis of biotin, thiamine, pyridoxine, -aminobenzoic acid, pantothenic acid, nicotinic acid, and inositol. However, omission of these B vitamins typically leads to suboptimal growth. This study demonstrates that, for each individual B vitamin, it is possible to achieve fast vitamin-independent growth by adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE). Identification of mutations responsible for these fast-growing phenotypes by whole-genome sequencing and reverse engineering showed that, for each compound, a small number of mutations sufficed to achieve fast growth in its absence. These results form an important first step toward development of strains that exhibit fast growth on inexpensive, fully supplemented mineral media that only require complementation with a carbon source, thereby reducing costs, complexity, and contamination risks in industrial yeast fermentation processes.
Topics: Metabolic Engineering; Mutation; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins; Vitamin B Complex; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 32303542
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00388-20 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2021Identification of modifiable risk factors that affect cognitive decline is important for the development of preventive and treatment strategies. Status of paraoxonase 1... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Identification of modifiable risk factors that affect cognitive decline is important for the development of preventive and treatment strategies. Status of paraoxonase 1 (PON1), a high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme, may play a role in the development of neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.
OBJECTIVE
We tested a hypothesis that PON1 status predicts cognition in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
METHODS
Individuals with MCI (n = 196, 76.8-years-old, 60% women) participating in a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial (VITACOG) were assigned to receive a daily dose of folic acid (0.8 mg), vitamin B12 (0.5 mg) and B6 (20 mg) (n = 95) or placebo (n = 101) for 2 years. Cognition was analyzed by neuropsychological tests. Brain atrophy was quantified in a subset of participants (n = 168) by MRI. PON1 status, including PON1 Q192R genotype, was determined by quantifying enzymatic activity of PON1 using paraoxon and phenyl acetate as substrates.
RESULTS
In the placebo group, baseline phenylacetate hydrolase (PhAcase) activity of PON1 (but not paraoxonase activity or PON1 Q192R genotype) was significantly associated with global cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE; Telephone Inventory for Cognitive Status-modified, TICS-m), verbal episodic memory (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised: Total Recall, HVLT-TR; Delayed Recall, HVLT-DR), and attention/processing speed (Trail Making A and Symbol Digits Modalities Test, SDMT) at the end of study. In addition to PhAcase, baseline iron and triglycerides predicted MMSE, baseline fatty acids predicted SDMT, baseline anti-N-Hcy-protein autoantibodies predicted TICS-m, SDMT, Trail Making A, while BDNF V66M genotype predicted HVLT-TR and HVLT-DR scores at the end of study. B-vitamins abrogated associations of PON1 and other variables with cognition.
CONCLUSION
PON1 is a new factor associated with impaired cognition that can be ameliorated by B-vitamins in individuals with MCI.
Topics: Aryldialkylphosphatase; Brain; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Neuropsychological Tests; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 33935094
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-210137 -
BioMed Research International 2020Randomized controlled trials on manual acupuncture treatment of DPN were retrieved from the Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, WanFang, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials on manual acupuncture treatment of DPN were retrieved from the Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases. Extracted research data were summarized in the tables, and methodological assessment was performed using the risk-of-bias assessment tool of Cochrane. Meta-analysis was performed by Revman 5.3, Stata 14.0, and TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software.
RESULTS
A total of 18 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were recruited: (1) 11 RCTs were acupuncture alone compared with vitamin B; (2) 7 RCTs were acupuncture combined with vitamin B compared with vitamin B, involving 1200 participants. Acupuncture alone improved clinical efficacy ( < 0.05) and nerve conduction velocity of the four peripheral nerves: peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, median nerve, and ulnar nerve ( < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the group of acupuncture alone and the group of vitamin B ( = 0.36 > 0.05) in improving median nerve SCV (sensory nerve conduction velocity). Acupuncture combined with vitamin B improved clinical efficacy and nerve conduction velocity of the three peripheral nerves, peroneal nerve, tibial nerve, and median nerve ( < 0.05), and decreased the scores of the Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS) ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Acupuncture alone and vitamin B combined with acupuncture are more effective in treating DPN compared to vitamin B. However, more high-quality RCTs on vitamin B combined with acupuncture are required to confirm our results.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Publication Bias; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 33954169
DOI: 10.1155/2020/4809125 -
Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... Apr 2018Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is clinical manifestation of chronic inflammatory progressive pathological process of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. IHD is the...
INTRODUCTION
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is clinical manifestation of chronic inflammatory progressive pathological process of atherosclerosis in coronary arteries. IHD is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The question is whether it is possible to improve and direct the therapeutic treatment of IHD patients in the treatment of the inflammatory process in the atherosclerotic leasions.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A prospective, comparative, analytica,clinically applicable, open-type study was performed. The study was conducted on 80 subjects with controlled biohumoral markers: troponin, CK, CK MB, BNP; markers of atherogenesis: LDL and homocystein; inflammatory markers: CRP, amyloid, cytokines IL-2, IL-6,TNF-alpha. The experimental group of 38 respondents had in addition to the conventional IHD treatment with: ampicillin (which included organosulfur compounds), cyancobalamin, vitamin B complex (B1, B2 and B6) and folacin. A control group of 42 respondents did not have this additional treatment.
RESULTS
Major adverse cardic events (MACE) such as postinfarctic angina pectoris and repeated infarction, need for surgical interventions of myocardial revascularization, signs of cardiac insufficiency and death were observed during the one-year period. There was no correlation between the IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, as well as CK, CKMB and troponin and MACE in one-year follow-up. There was a strong positive correlation between MACE and CRP (p = 0,0002) and amyloid (p = 0,0005) as inflamatory markers; a strong positive correlation between MACE and homocysteine as an atherogenic marker (p = 0,0002, and amoderate positive correlation between MACE and BNP (p = 0.0403) as ischemic marker and marker of cardiac insufficiency. The echocardiographically monitored systolic function showed a moderate difference in the groups with average higher values in the experimantal group (p = 0.0282).
CONCLUSION
The applied treatment exhibited a moderate positive effect on the systolic function of LV and significantly reduced the MACE in the work compared to the control group (p <0.0001), and demonstrated a potential anti-inflammatory effect.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Biomarkers; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Ischemia; Prospective Studies; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 29736096
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2018.72.94-98 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Feb 2009Evidence is growing that optimal dietary intake of folate and choline (both involved in one-carbon transfer or methylation) is important for successful completion of... (Review)
Review
Evidence is growing that optimal dietary intake of folate and choline (both involved in one-carbon transfer or methylation) is important for successful completion of fetal development. Significant portions of the population are eating diets low in one or both of these nutrients. Folates are important for normal neural tube closure in early gestation, and the efficacy of diet fortification with folic acid in reducing the incidence of neural tube defects is a major success story for public health nutrition. Similarly, maternal dietary choline is important for normal neural tube closure in the fetus and, later in gestation, for neurogenesis in the fetal hippocampus, with effects on memory that persist in adult offspring; higher choline intake is associated with enhanced memory performance. Although both folates and choline have many potentially independent mechanisms whereby they could influence fetal development, these 2 nutrients also have a common mechanism for action: altered methylation and related epigenetic effects on gene expression.
Topics: Brain; Choline; Female; Fetal Development; Folic Acid; Food, Fortified; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methylation; Neural Tube Defects; Nootropic Agents; Nutritional Requirements; Pregnancy; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 19116320
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2008.26811D -
American Journal of Obstetrics and... Sep 2022A healthy diet before and during pregnancy is beneficial in acquiring essential B vitamins involved in 1-carbon metabolism, and in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota.... (Review)
Review
A healthy diet before and during pregnancy is beneficial in acquiring essential B vitamins involved in 1-carbon metabolism, and in maintaining a healthy gut microbiota. Each play important roles in fetal development, immune-system remodeling, and pregnancy-nutrient acquisition. Evidence shows that there is a reciprocal interaction between the one-carbon metabolism and the gut microbiota given that dietary intake of B vitamins has been shown to influence the composition of the gut microbiota, and certain gut bacteria also synthesize B vitamins. This reciprocal interaction contributes to the individual's overall availability of B vitamins and, therefore, should be maintained in a healthy state during pregnancy. There is an emerging consensus that obese pregnant women often have derangements in 1-carbon metabolism and gut dysbiosis owing to high intake of nutritiously poor foods and a chronic systemic inflammatory state. For example, low folate and vitamin B in obese women coincide with the decreased presence of B vitamin-producing bacteria and increased presence of inflammatory-associated bacteria from approximately mid-pregnancy. These alterations are risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, impaired fetal development, and disruption of fetal growth and microbiota formation, which may lead to potential long-term offspring metabolic and neurologic disorders. Therefore, preconceptional and pregnant obese women may benefit from dietary and lifestyle counseling to improve their dietary nutrient intake, and from monitoring their B vitamin levels and gut microbiome by blood tests and microbiota stool samples. In addition, there is evidence that some probiotic bacteria have folate biosynthetic capacity and could be used to treat gut dysbiosis. Thus, their use as an intervention strategy for obese women holds potential and should be further investigated. Currently, there are many knowledge gaps concerning the relationship between one-carbon metabolism and the gut microbiota, and future research should focus on intervention strategies to counteract B vitamin deficiencies and gut dysbiosis in obese pregnant women, commencing with the use of probiotic and prebiotic supplements.
Topics: Carbon; Dysbiosis; Female; Fetal Development; Folic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Obesity; Obesity, Maternal; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 35452650
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.04.013 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... Oct 2008To investigate how aging alters B-group vitamin metabolism, rats were fed with niacin-free 20% casein diet from 3 to 80 wk old, and the urinary excretions of the B group...
To investigate how aging alters B-group vitamin metabolism, rats were fed with niacin-free 20% casein diet from 3 to 80 wk old, and the urinary excretions of the B group vitamins were periodically measured. The blood and liver B-group vitamin levels in 80-wk-old rats were also compared with those in 8-wk-old rats. The urinary excretion of thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6 metabolite 4-pyridoxic acid, pantothenic acid, folic acid and biotin were not altered during 540 d. The urinary vitamin B12 increased by 8-fold at 29 wk old, and further increased at 80 wk old. Conversion of nicotinamide from tryptophan gradually decreased to 60% from 29 to 48 wk old. Plasma PLP, vitamin B12 and folate levels in 80-wk-old rats were lower than those in 8-wk-old rats, consistent with lower liver vitamin B6 and folate levels in aged rats. Plasma and liver biotin levels in aged rats were higher than those in young rats. Other B-group vitamins such as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin and pantothenic acid levels in blood and liver from aged rats were same as those from young rats. Alteration of vitamin B6 metabolism in particular is similar to the observations in elderly humans reported previously. Our findings suggest that aged rats can be useful models to investigate aging-related B-group vitamin metabolism.
Topics: Age Factors; Aging; Animals; Biotin; Body Weight; Eating; Folic Acid; Liver; Male; Models, Animal; Niacinamide; Pyridoxal Phosphate; Rats; Tryptophan; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 19001766
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.54.357 -
The ISME Journal Dec 2022Auxotrophs are unable to synthesize all the metabolites essential for their metabolism and rely on others to provide them. They have been intensively studied in...
Auxotrophs are unable to synthesize all the metabolites essential for their metabolism and rely on others to provide them. They have been intensively studied in laboratory-generated and -evolved mutants, but emergent adaptation mechanisms to auxotrophy have not been systematically addressed. Here, we investigated auxotrophies in bacteria isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves and found that up to half of the strains have auxotrophic requirements for biotin, niacin, pantothenate and/or thiamine. We then explored the genetic basis of auxotrophy as well as traits that co-occurred with vitamin auxotrophy. We found that auxotrophic strains generally stored coenzymes with the capacity to grow exponentially for 1-3 doublings without vitamin supplementation; however, the highest observed storage was for biotin, which allowed for 9 doublings in one strain. In co-culture experiments, we demonstrated vitamin supply to auxotrophs, and found that auxotrophic strains maintained higher species richness than prototrophs upon external supplementation with vitamins. Extension of a consumer-resource model predicted that auxotrophs can utilize carbon compounds provided by other organisms, suggesting that auxotrophic strains benefit from metabolic by-products beyond vitamins.
Topics: Biotin; Vitamin B Complex; Thiamine; Vitamin A; Plant Leaves; Vitamin K; Bacteria
PubMed: 35987782
DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01303-x -
Nutrients Nov 2019B-vitamin deficiency is common in ageing populations either due to altered dietary habits or altered digestive and metabolic functions. There is limited data on the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of the Acute Postprandial Circulating B-Vitamin and Vitamer Responses to Single Breakfast Meals in Young and Older Individuals: Preliminary Secondary Outcomes of a Randomized Controlled Trial.
B-vitamin deficiency is common in ageing populations either due to altered dietary habits or altered digestive and metabolic functions. There is limited data on the acute circulating concentrations of B-vitamins and their various forms (vitamers), following ingestion of realistic meals. This study compared the acute circulating B-vitamin and vitamer responses to either an energy-dense (ED) or a nutrient-dense (ND) breakfast meal, consumed in a randomized cross-over sequence, in older and younger adults ( = 15 and 15, aged 67.3 ± 1.5 and 22.7 ± 0.5 years (mean ± SEM), respectively). Eleven differing B-vitamins and vitamers were determined in plasma samples by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, in the fasting and postprandial state (hourly for 5 h). While postprandial thiamine concentration increased following both meals, riboflavin increased only following a ND meal in both age groups. Many vitamins including nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal-5'phosphate, and 4-pyridoxic acid remained unaltered, and flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide and nicotinuric acid concentrations reduced following both meals. Biological age and food composition had minimal impact on postprandial B-vitamin concentrations, yet the differences between the ED and ND meals for riboflavin highlight the importance of riboflavin intake to achieve adequacy.
Topics: Aging; Breakfast; Cross-Over Studies; Energy Intake; Humans; Nutrients; Postprandial Period; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 31795162
DOI: 10.3390/nu11122893 -
The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society Feb 2008Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations have been implicated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, but it is unclear whether low vitamin B12 or...
Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) concentrations have been implicated with risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, but it is unclear whether low vitamin B12 or folate status is responsible for cognitive decline. Most studies reporting associations between cognitive function and Hcy or B-vitamins have used a cross-sectional or case-control design and have been unable to exclude the possibility that such associations are a result of the disease rather than being causal. The Hcy hypothesis of dementia has attracted considerable interest, as Hcy can be easily lowered by folic acid and vitamin B12, raising the prospect that B-vitamin supplementation could lower the risk of dementia. While some trials assessing effects on cognitive function have used folic acid alone, vitamin B12 alone or a combination, few trials have included a sufficient number of participants to provide reliable evidence. An individual-patient-data meta-analysis of all randomised trials of the effects on cognitive function and vascular risk of lowering Hcy with B-vitamins will maximise the power to assess the epidemiologically-predicted differences in risk. Among the twelve large randomised Hcy-lowering trials for prevention of vascular disease, data should be available on about 30 000 participants with cognitive function. The principal investigators of such trials have agreed to combine individual-participant data from their trials after their separate publication.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cognition; Dementia; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Homocysteine; Humans; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 18234134
DOI: 10.1017/S0029665108006046