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Current Opinion in Biotechnology Jun 2024In the post-Green Revolution era, disparities in dietary access, rising obesity rates, demographic shifts, adoption of plant-based diets, and the impact of climate... (Review)
Review
In the post-Green Revolution era, disparities in dietary access, rising obesity rates, demographic shifts, adoption of plant-based diets, and the impact of climate change collectively contribute to a progressive decline in dietary nutritional value, exacerbating B vitamin deficiencies across both low- and high-income countries. While the prevailing focus of biofortification has been on three micronutrients - provitamin A, iron, and zinc - utilizing conventional breeding, it is imperative to diversify biofortification strategies to combat micronutrient malnutrition. Metabolic engineering, facilitated by biotechnological tools, presents a promising avenue, contingent upon advances in fundamental knowledge, technological innovation, regulatory updates, and sustained public funding. Recognizing the intricate metabolic interplay of B vitamins in plants and humans, a comprehensive 'from metabolism to metabolism' approach is crucial for designing effective biofortification strategies that target multiple vitamins. This holistic perspective also extends beyond individual crops to encompass the entire food chain, a complex socioeconomic ecosystem that necessitates a paradigm shift, prioritizing quality over quantity.
Topics: Biofortification; Humans; Vitamin B Complex; Metabolic Engineering; Vitamin B Deficiency
PubMed: 38669731
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103132 -
Neuropsychopharmacologia Hungarica : a... Jun 2016Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is caused by damage of the corpus callosum. There are acute, subacute and chronic forms, it occurs most frequently among alcoholic...
Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is caused by damage of the corpus callosum. There are acute, subacute and chronic forms, it occurs most frequently among alcoholic patients. A variety of neurological symptoms, epileptic seizures, and coma may be associated with the disease, but the chronic form may start with acute confusion and dementia, interhemispherial disconnection syndrome or with slow progressive changes in behavior. In 2001, only 250 cases were reported, of which 200 died, 30 cases contributed to severe dementia or bed rest, and favorable outcome occured in only 20 cases. The MBD diagnosis of our patient was based on the anamnesis and cranial MRI and the treatment consisted of administration of B vitamin complex, folic acid, memantine, piracetam and haloperidol. Reviewing the international literature currently recommended therapeutic options are thiamin and folic acid. According to some authors the immediate administration of thiamine affects the outcome of the disease, and there are case reports of beneficial effects of amantadine and steroids.
Topics: Alcoholism; Corpus Callosum; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Marchiafava-Bignami Disease; Thiamine; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 27390208
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2018B-vitamins are a group of soluble vitamins which are cofactors of some of the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These... (Review)
Review
B-vitamins are a group of soluble vitamins which are cofactors of some of the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. These compounds participate in a number of functions as cardiovascular, brain or nervous systems. Folic acid is described as an accessible and multifunctional niche component that can be used safely, even combined with other compounds, which gives it high versatility. Also, due to its non-toxicity and great stability, folic acid has attracted much attention from researchers in the biomedical and bioengineering area, with an increasing number of works directed at using folic acid and its derivatives in tissue engineering therapies as well as regenerative medicine. Thus, this review provides an updated discussion about the most relevant advances achieved during the last five years, where folic acid and other vitamins B have been used as key bioactive compounds for enhancing the effectiveness of biomaterials' performance and biological functions for the regeneration of tissues and organs.
Topics: Animals; Folic Acid; Humans; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 30558349
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124068 -
Microbial Biotechnology Jul 2016Consumers are increasingly becoming aware of their health and nutritional requirements, and in this context, vitamins produced in situ by microbes may suit their needs... (Review)
Review
Consumers are increasingly becoming aware of their health and nutritional requirements, and in this context, vitamins produced in situ by microbes may suit their needs and expectations. B groups vitamins are essential components of cellular metabolism and among them riboflavin is one of the vital vitamins required by bacteria, plants, animals and humans. Here, we focus on the importance of microbial production of riboflavin over chemical synthesis. In addition, genetic abilities for riboflavin biosynthesis by lactic acid bacteria are discussed. Genetically modified strains by employing genetic engineering and chemical analogues have been developed to enhance riboflavin production. The present review attempts to collect the currently available information on riboflavin production by microbes in general, while placing greater emphasis on food grade lactic acid bacteria and human gut commensals. For designing riboflavin-enriched functional foods, proper selection and exploitation of riboflavin-producing lactic acid bacteria is essential. Moreover, eliminating the in situ vitamin fortification step will decrease the cost of food production.
Topics: Biotechnology; Humans; Lactobacillales; Metabolic Engineering; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Organisms, Genetically Modified; Riboflavin; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 26686515
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12335 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020The interactions between films of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and B complex vitamins were studied using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring...
The interactions between films of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) and B complex vitamins were studied using a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Thin films of BNC were generated in situ by QCM-D, followed by real-time measurements of the vitamin adsorption. The desorption of vitamins was induced by rinsing the system using phosphate buffers at a pH of 2 and 6.5, emulating gastric conditions. Changes in frequency (which are proportional to changes in adsorbed mass, ∆m) detected by QCM-D were used to determine the amounts of vitamin adsorbed and released from the BNC film. Additionally, changes in dissipation (∆D) were proven to be useful in identifying the effects of the pH in both pristine cellulose films and films with vitamin pre-adsorbed, following its changes during release. The effects of pH on the morphology of the vitamin-BNC surfaces were also monitored by changes in rugosity from images obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Based on this data, we propose a model for the binding phenomena, with the contraction on the relaxation of the cellulose film depending on pH, resulting in an efficient vitamin delivery process.
Topics: Adsorption; Cellulose; Gluconacetobacter; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Molecular Conformation; Nanoparticles; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques; Surface Properties; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 32899662
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184041 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Feb 2023There is now evidence to suggest that there may be an interaction between B vitamins and -3 PUFA, with suggestions that increasing intake of both nutrients... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
There is now evidence to suggest that there may be an interaction between B vitamins and -3 PUFA, with suggestions that increasing intake of both nutrients simultaneously may benefit cognition in older adults. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate whether supplementation with a combination of -3 PUFA and B vitamins can prevent cognitive decline in older adults. Randomised controlled trials conducted in older adults that measured cognitive function were retrieved. The included trials provided a combination of -3 PUFA and B vitamins alone, or in combination with other nutrients. Trials that provided -3 PUFA alone and also measured B vitamin status or provided B vitamin supplementation alone and measured -3 PUFA status were also included. The databases searched were The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and MEDLINE. A total of 14 papers were included in the analysis ( 4913; age: 60-70 years; follow-up 24 weeks to 4 years). The meta-analysis results found a significant benefit of nutrient formulas, which included both -3 PUFA and B vitamins alongside other nutrients, . placebo on global cognition assessed using composite scores from a neuropsychological test battery (G = 0·23, = 0·002), global cognition using single measures of cognition (G = 0·28, = 0·004) and episodic memory (G = 0·32, = 0·001). The results indicate that providing a combination of -3 PUFA and B vitamins as part of a multi-nutrient formula benefits cognition in older adults . a placebo, and the potential for an interaction between these key nutrients should be considered in future experimental work.
Topics: Vitamin B Complex; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Dietary Supplements; Cognition; Nutrients
PubMed: 35473808
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114522001283 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2012Fatigue is reported to occur in up to 92% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has been described as the most debilitating of all MS symptoms by 28% to 40% of MS... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Fatigue is reported to occur in up to 92% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and has been described as the most debilitating of all MS symptoms by 28% to 40% of MS patients.
OBJECTIVES
To assess whether carnitine (enteral or intravenous) supplementation can improve the quality of life and reduce the symptoms of fatigue in patients with MS-related fatigue and to identify any adverse effects of carnitine when used for this purpose.
SEARCH METHODS
A literature search was performed using Cochrane MS Group Trials Register (09 September 2011), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) "The Cochrane Library 2011, issue 3", MEDLINE (PubMed) (1966-09 September 2011), EMBASE (1974-09 September 2011), and www.clinicaltrials.gov for ongoing trials retrieval. Reference lists of review articles and primary studies were also screened. A hand search of the abstract book of recent relevant conference symposia was also conducted. Personal contact with MS experts and a manufacturer (Source Naturals, United States) of carnitine formulation was contacted to determine if they knew of other clinical trials. No language restrictions were applied.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Full reports of published and unpublished randomized controlled trials and quasi-randomized trials of any carnitine intervention in adults affected by multiple sclerosis with a clinical diagnosis of fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data from the eligible trials was extracted and coded using a standardized data extraction form and entered into RevMan 5. Discrepancies were to be resolved by discussion with a third reviewer, however this was not necessary.The quality items to be assessed were method of randomization, allocation concealment, blinding (participants, investigators, outcome assessors and data analysis), intention-to-treat analysis and completeness of follow up.
MAIN RESULTS
The search identified one ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over trial (expected completion 2013) and one completed randomized, active-comparator, cross-over trial. In the completed study, adult patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS were exposed to both acetyl L-carnitine 2 grams daily and amantadine 200 mg daily The effects of carnitine on fatigue are unclear. There was no difference between carnitine and amantadine for the number of patients withdrawing from the study due to an adverse event (relative risk ratio 0.20; 95% confidence interval 0.03 to 1.55) and no patients experienced a serious adverse event in either treatment group. Mortality and quality of life were not reported.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient evidence that carnitine for the treatment of MS-related fatigue offers a therapeutic advantage over placebo or active comparators. Results of the ongoing trial are eagerly anticipated in order to provide clarity.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Adult; Amantadine; Fatigue; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 22592719
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007280.pub3 -
The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging Jun 2011To investigate the relationships between previous diet, biomarkers of selected B vitamins, nutritional status and length of stay.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the relationships between previous diet, biomarkers of selected B vitamins, nutritional status and length of stay.
DESIGN
Cross sectional study.
SETTING
Geriatric rehabilitation patients, Sydney, Australia.
PARTICIPANTS
Fifty two consenting patients with normal serum creatinine levels and no dementia.
MEASUREMENTS
Serum vitamin B12, plasma vitamin B6, serum and erythrocyte folate, homocysteine and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations; dietary intake using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and nutritional assessment using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). Length of stay data were collected from medical records after discharge.
RESULTS
The age was 80 ± 8 year (mean ± SD), BMI 26.4 ± 6.8 kg/m2 and MNA score 22 ± 3 indicating some risk of malnutrition. Deficiencies of vitamins B6, B12 and folate were found in 30, 22 and 5 subjects respectively. Length of stay was positively correlated with age and MMA (Spearman's correlation 0.4, p<0.01 and 0.28, p<0.05 respectively) and negatively correlated with albumin, vitamin B6 and MNA score (Spearman's correlation -0.35, -0.33 and -0.29, p<0.05). After adjustment for age and sex, ln vitamin B6 and ln MMA concentrations were significant in predicting ln LOS (p=0.006 and p=0.014 respectively).
CONCLUSION
The study indicates a high risk of vitamin B deficiencies in the elderly and suggests that deficiencies of vitamins B6 and B12 are associated with length of stay. This is concerning as B vitamin status is rarely fully assessed.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Albumins; Australia; Body Mass Index; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Incidence; Length of Stay; Male; Methylmalonic Acid; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Rehabilitation Centers; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency
PubMed: 21623471
DOI: 10.1007/s12603-010-0330-4 -
Nutrition Reviews Oct 2023Nutritional interventions may benefit cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, evidence is yet to be synthesized in a way that can inform...
CONTEXT
Nutritional interventions may benefit cognition in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, evidence is yet to be synthesized in a way that can inform recommendations for clinical and public health settings.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review evidence on the effect of dietary patterns, foods, and nutritional supplements on cognitive decline in individuals with MCI.
DATA SOURCES
Guided by the Preferred Reporting items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols 2015 statement, the Medline, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases, the JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects were searched (publication years 2005 to 2020). Included studies were English-language systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials and cohort studies reporting on the effectiveness of nutritional interventions on cognition of individuals with MCI.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data on cognitive outcomes and adverse events. Review quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews-2). Primary study overlap was managed following Cochrane Handbook guidelines.
DATA ANALYSIS
Of the 6677 records retrieved, 20 reviews were included, which, in turn, reported on 43 randomized controlled trials and 1 cohort study that, together, addressed 18 nutritional interventions. Most reviews were limited by quality and the small number of primary studies with small sample sizes. Reviews were mostly positive for B vitamins, omega-3 fatty acids, and probiotics (including 12, 11 and 4 primary studies, respectively). Souvenaid and the Mediterranean diet reduced cognitive decline or Alzheimer's disease progression in single trials with <500 participants. Findings from studies with a small number of participants suggest vitamin D, a low-carbohydrate diet, medium-chain triglycerides, blueberries, grape juice, cocoa flavanols, and Brazil nuts may improve individual cognitive subdomains, but more studies are needed.
CONCLUSIONS
Few nutritional interventions were found to convincingly improve cognition of individuals with MCI. More high-quality research in MCI populations is required to determine if nutritional treatments improve cognition and/or reduce progression to dementia.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
Open Science Framework protocol identifier DOI:10.17605/OSF.IO/BEP2S.
Topics: Humans; Cohort Studies; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 37027832
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad013 -
Biomolecules Feb 2020Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are linked to metabolic and degenerative disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. In the last... (Review)
Review
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are linked to metabolic and degenerative disorders, such as cardiovascular disease and cognitive decline. In the last two decades, the interplay between B vitamins and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids gained increasing attention. Expression control on enzymes involved in the pathway of homocysteine by polyunsaturated fatty acids has been proposed. The methylation process seems crucial for the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their distribution within the body. This review summarizes the available data in humans about the link between homocysteine and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, with a special focus on the meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials. Even if the paucity of available information about the topic does not allow for definitive conclusions, a synergic action between polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins may play a key role in regulating several metabolic pathways. This element could explain a stronger action on homocysteine levels when omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and B vitamins are supplemented simultaneously. To date, a robust rationale of intervention to prevent metabolic diseases is lacking and could be beneficial for individual health and healthcare policy.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cognition Disorders; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Fish Oils; Homocysteine; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Risk Factors; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 32024302
DOI: 10.3390/biom10020219