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Nutrients Nov 2016Hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, is the world's leading cause of preventable, premature death. A common polymorphism (677C→T) in the... (Review)
Review
Hypertension, a major risk factor for heart disease and stroke, is the world's leading cause of preventable, premature death. A common polymorphism (677C→T) in the gene encoding the folate metabolizing enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is associated with increased blood pressure, and there is accumulating evidence demonstrating that this phenotype can be modulated, specifically in individuals with the 677TT genotype, by the B-vitamin riboflavin, an essential co-factor for MTHFR. The underlying mechanism that links this polymorphism, and the related gene-nutrient interaction, with hypertension is currently unknown. Previous research has shown that 5-methyltetrahydrofolate, the product of the reaction catalysed by MTHFR, appears to be a positive allosteric modulator of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and may thus increase the production of nitric oxide, a potent vasodilator. Blood pressure follows a circadian pattern, peaking shortly after wakening and falling during the night, a phenomenon known as 'dipping'. Any deviation from this pattern, which can only be identified using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This review will consider the evidence linking this polymorphism and novel gene-nutrient interaction with hypertension and the potential mechanisms that might be involved. The role of ABPM in B-vitamin research and in nutrition research generally will also be reviewed.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Humans; Hypertension; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Polymorphism, Genetic; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 27845713
DOI: 10.3390/nu8110720 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Apr 2019Vitamins are essential compounds in human and animal diets. Their demand is increasing globally in food, feed, cosmetics, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Most... (Review)
Review
Vitamins are essential compounds in human and animal diets. Their demand is increasing globally in food, feed, cosmetics, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Most current production methods are unsustainable because they use non-renewable sources and often generate hazardous waste. Many microorganisms produce vitamins naturally, but their corresponding metabolic pathways are tightly regulated since vitamins are needed only in catalytic amounts. Metabolic engineering is accelerating the development of microbial cell factories for vitamins that could compete with chemical methods that have been optimized over decades, but scientific hurdles remain. Additional technological and regulatory issues need to be overcome for innovative bioprocesses to reach the market. Here, we review the current state of development and challenges for fermentative processes for the B vitamin group.
Topics: Animal Feed; Bacteria; Biotechnology; Cosmetics; Dietary Supplements; Fermentation; Metabolic Engineering; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Vitamin B Complex; Yeasts
PubMed: 30138794
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.07.006 -
International Journal of Hygiene and... Jan 2020Millions of children globally, including the U.S., are exposed to low levels of arsenic from water and food. Arsenic is a known neurotoxicant at high levels but its...
OBJECTIVES
Millions of children globally, including the U.S., are exposed to low levels of arsenic from water and food. Arsenic is a known neurotoxicant at high levels but its effects at lower exposure levels are understudied. Arsenic methylation capacity, influenced by B-vitamin intake and status, potentially influences arsenic toxicity. In a cross-secitonal study of 5-8 year-old children from Montevideo, we assessed the relationship between urinary arsenic (U-As) and academic achievement, and tested for effect modification by B-vitamin intake, status, and arsenic methylation capacity.
METHODS
Broad math and reading scores were calculated based on six subtests (calculation, math facts fluency, applied problems, sentence reading fluency, letter word identification, passage comprehension) from the Woodcock-Muñoz Achievement Battery. B-vitamin intake was assessed from two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls, serum folate and vitamin B-12 levels were measured in a subset of participants. Arsenic methylation capacity was measured as the proportion of urinary monomethylarsonic acid (%MMA). Multiple imputation using chained equations was conducted to account for missing covariate and exposure data. Ordinal regressions assessed associations between U-As and achievement score tertiles in the complete case and imputed samples. A "B-vitamin index" was calculated using principal component analysis. Interactions by urinary %MMA and the B-vitamin index were assessed.
RESULTS
Median specific gravity adjusted U-As was 11.7 μg/L (range: 2.6, 50.1). We found no association between U-As and broad math and reading scores, nor effect modification by %MMA or B-vitamins.
CONCLUSION
At low-levels of exposure, U-As does not appear to affect children's academic achievement.
Topics: Academic Success; Arsenic; Child; Child, Preschool; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Methylation; Uruguay; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 31588016
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.09.011 -
Journal of Periodontology Jul 2005Reports have demonstrated that nutrient supplements, in particular vitamin-B complex (Vit-B), can positively influence wound healing processes. However, limited... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Reports have demonstrated that nutrient supplements, in particular vitamin-B complex (Vit-B), can positively influence wound healing processes. However, limited information is available on the effects of Vit-B on periodontal wound healing.
METHODS
A total of 30 patients (13 males, 17 females) presenting with generalized moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were enrolled in this study. All subjects presented > or = two teeth in the same sextant with probing depth (PD) > or =5 mm and bleeding upon probing (BOP) in need of access flap surgery (AFS). This study was a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Subjects were instructed to take one capsule a day of either Vit-B (50 mg of the following: thiamine HCl, riboflavin, niacinamide, d-calcium pantothenate, and pyridoxine HCl; 50 microg each of d-biotin and cyanocobalamin; and 400 mcg of folate) or placebo for 30 days following AFS. Clinical attachment levels (CAL) and N-benzoyl-dl-arginine-2-naphthylamide (BANA) test scores were measured at baseline and at 90 and 180 days following surgical intervention. Assessments of the healing response were also performed using BOP, gingival index (GI), and plaque index (Pl) at baseline and 7, 14, 30, 90, and 180 days. The mean results of each parameter were averaged within a group. Differences between groups were analyzed by using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
RESULTS
Both groups experienced comparable levels of PD reduction following AFS (test: -1.57 +/- 0.34; control: -1.50 +/- 0.21). Changes in mean CAL were more favorable in Vit-B supplemented subjects (test: +0.41 +/- 0.12; control: -0.52 +/- 0.23; P = 0.024). Stratified data demonstrated significantly better results for the test group in both shallow (test: -0.08 +/- 0.03; control: -1.11 +/- 0.27; P = 0.032) and deep sites (test: +1.69 +/- 0.31; control: +0.74 +/- 0.23; P = 0.037). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding PI, GI, and BOP. BANA test values were significantly reduced in both groups after surgical treatment and no significant differences were noted between groups.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin B-complex supplement in combination with AFS resulted in statistically significant superior CAL gains when compared to placebo.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Benzoylarginine-2-Naphthylamide; Chronic Disease; Dental Plaque Index; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Vitamin B Complex; Wound Healing
PubMed: 16018750
DOI: 10.1902/jop.2005.76.7.1084 -
Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) Sep 2009
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Administration, Oral; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Endothelial Cells; Humans; Hypertension; Insulin Resistance; Models, Biological; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 19635987
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.134460 -
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Nov 2022B vitamins have high microbiological relevance in the marine environment, but their very low concentrations and the chemical heterogeneity of the individual vitamins...
B vitamins have high microbiological relevance in the marine environment, but their very low concentrations and the chemical heterogeneity of the individual vitamins make their analysis challenging. Mass spectrometric analysis of B vitamins in environmental samples at trace levels has mainly been performed using triple quadrupole mass spectrometers operated in targeted analysis mode. The development of such a method can be laborious and error prone. Additionally, high-resolution mass spectrometers can be used to measure a sample in full scan mode and subsequently search the total ion current chromatogram for extracted ion chromatograms of targeted vitamins. Three different analytical approaches for trace analysis of all B vitamins and some of their biosynthetic precursors were optimized and compared on two different mass spectrometers. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in selected reaction monitoring mode, and a high-resolution orbitrap mass spectrometer in parallel reaction monitoring, as well as in full scan mode were employed. Detection limits down to 10 ng/L were achieved with all three techniques. The methods were applied to a marine water sample from the North Sea and to the cell extract of a bacterial culture of Phaeobacter inhibens. Most vitamins and precursors were found in the bacterial cell extract and the seawater sample with all three measuring methods. The results of this study emphasize that, in addition to tandem mass spectrometry, high-resolution full scan mass spectrometry is a promising technique for the simultaneous detection of structurally diverse B vitamins in complex natural samples. This enables highly sensitive measurements without loss of detailed mass spectrometric information, which is inevitable when using a triple quadrupole system in MS/MS mode.
Topics: Bacteria; Cell Extracts; Seawater; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitamin B Complex; Water
PubMed: 36195729
DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04317-8 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2012Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions which can lead to abnormalities in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, or fats. It has been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Inborn errors of metabolism are genetic conditions which can lead to abnormalities in the synthesis and metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, or fats. It has been proposed that in some instances carnitine supplementation should be provided to infants with a suspected metabolic disease as an interim measure, particularly whilst awaiting test results. Carnitine supplementation is used in the treatment of primary carnitine deficiency, and also where the deficiency is a secondary complication of several inborn errors of metabolism, such as organic acidaemias and fatty acid oxidation defects in children and adults.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effectiveness and safety of carnitine supplementation in the treatment of inborn errors of metabolism.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's Inborn Errors of Metabolism Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 4) and MEDLINE via Ovid (1950 to July week 4 2007), LILACS (15/05/2008) and Iranmedex (15/05/2008) and also the reference lists of retrieved articles.Date of most recent search of the Group's Inborn Errors of Metabolism Register: 27 October 2011.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised controlled trials comparing carnitine supplementation (in different dose, frequency, or duration) versus placebo in children and adults diagnosed with an inborn error of metabolism.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently screened and assessed the eligibility of the identified trials.
MAIN RESULTS
No trials were included in the review.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There are no published or ongoing randomised controlled clinical trials relevant to this review question. Therefore, in the absence of any high level evidence, clinicians should base their decisions on clinical experience and in conjunction with preferences of the individual where appropriate. This does not mean that carnitine is ineffective or should not be used in any inborn error of metabolism. However, given the lack of evidence both on the effectiveness and safety of carnitine and on the necessary dose and frequency to be prescribed, the current prescribing practice should continue to be observed and monitored with care until further evidence is available. Methodologically sound trials, reported according to the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement, are required. It should be considered whether placebo-controlled trials in potentially lethal diseases, e.g. carnitine transporter disorder or glutaric aciduria type I, are ethical.
Topics: Carnitine; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Infant; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 22336821
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006659.pub3 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Aug 2010
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamin B Deficiency
PubMed: 20592129
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.2010.29977 -
Nutrients Jan 2017Advancing age can be associated with an increase in cognitive dysfunction, a spectrum of disability that ranges in severity from mild cognitive impairment to dementia....
Advancing age can be associated with an increase in cognitive dysfunction, a spectrum of disability that ranges in severity from mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Folate and the other B-vitamins involved in one-carbon metabolism are associated with cognition in ageing but the evidence is not entirely clear. The hypothesis addressed in this study was that lower dietary intake or biomarker status of folate and/or the metabolically related B-vitamins would be associated with a greater than expected rate of cognitive decline over a 4-year follow-up period in healthy older adults. Participants (aged 60-88 years; = 155) who had been previously screened for cognitive function were reassessed four years after initial investigation using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). At the 4-year follow-up assessment when participants were aged 73.4 ± 7.1 years, mean cognitive MMSE scores had declined from 29.1 ± 1.3 at baseline to 27.5 ± 2.4 ( < 0.001), but some 27% of participants showed a greater than expected rate of cognitive decline (i.e., decrease in MMSE > 0.56 points per year). Lower vitamin B6 status, as measured using pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP; <43 nmol/L) was associated with a 3.5 times higher risk of accelerated cognitive decline, after adjustment for age and baseline MMSE score (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 1.58 to 7.63; < 0.05). Correspondingly, lower dietary intake (0.9-1.4 mg/day) of vitamin B6 was also associated with a greater rate of cognitive decline (OR, 4.22; 95% CI, 1.28-13.90; < 0.05). No significant relationships of dietary intake or biomarker status with cognitive decline were observed for the other B-vitamins. In conclusion, lower dietary and biomarker status of vitamin B6 at baseline predicted a greater than expected rate of cognitive decline over a 4-year period in healthy older adults. Vitamin B6 may be an important protective factor in helping maintain cognitive health in ageing.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Biomarkers; Body Mass Index; Cognition; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cohort Studies; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Life Style; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Nutritional Status; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 28075382
DOI: 10.3390/nu9010053 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2021Heart failure (HF) is a plague of the aging population in industrialized countries that continues to cause many deaths despite intensive research into more effective... (Review)
Review
Heart failure (HF) is a plague of the aging population in industrialized countries that continues to cause many deaths despite intensive research into more effective treatments. Although the therapeutic arsenal to face heart failure has been expanding, the relatively short life expectancy of HF patients is pushing towards novel therapeutic strategies. Heart failure is associated with drastic metabolic disorders, including severe myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and systemic nutrient deprivation secondary to severe cardiac dysfunction. To date, no effective therapy has been developed to restore the cardiac energy metabolism of the failing myocardium, mainly due to the metabolic complexity and intertwining of the involved processes. Recent years have witnessed a growing scientific interest in natural molecules that play a pivotal role in energy metabolism with promising therapeutic effects against heart failure. Among these molecules, B vitamins are a class of water soluble vitamins that are directly involved in energy metabolism and are of particular interest since they are intimately linked to energy metabolism and HF patients are often B vitamin deficient. This review aims at assessing the value of B vitamin supplementation in the treatment of heart failure.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Heart Failure; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Myocardium; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 35008448
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010030