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Clinical Cardiology Jul 2023Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most prevalent type of syncope and its management includes pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Recently, studies have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is the most prevalent type of syncope and its management includes pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic interventions. Recently, studies have investigated vitamin D levels in VVS patients. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to review these studies to find possible associations between vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D levels with VVS. International databases including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase were searched with keywords related to "vasovagal syncope" and "vitamin D." Studies were screened and the data were extracted from them. Random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for vitamin D levels in comparison to VVS patients and controls. Also, VVS occurrence was measured and the odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for comparison of vitamin D deficient cases and nondeficient individuals. Six studies were included with 954 cases investigated. Meta-analysis showed that patients with VVS had significantly lower vitamin D serum levels in comparison to non-VVS cases (SMD -1.05, 95% CI -1.54 to -0.57, p-value < .01). Moreover, VVS occurrence was higher in vitamin D-deficient individuals (OR 5.43, 95% CI 2.40 to 12.27, p-value < .01). Our findings which show lower vitamin D levels in VVS patients can have clinical implications in order for clinicians to pay attention to this when approaching VVS. Further randomized controlled trials are certainly warranted to assess the role of vitamin D supplementation in individuals with VVS.
Topics: Humans; Tilt-Table Test; Syncope, Vasovagal; Syncope; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D
PubMed: 37226313
DOI: 10.1002/clc.24035 -
Disease Markers 2015Vitamin D is an important nutrient involved in bone mineral metabolism, and vitamin D status is reflected by serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations.... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is an important nutrient involved in bone mineral metabolism, and vitamin D status is reflected by serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and nutritional vitamin D supplementation decreases elevated parathyroid hormone concentrations in subgroups of these patients. Furthermore, vitamin D is supposed to have pleiotropic effects on various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, malignancies, infectious diseases, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Indeed, there is cumulative evidence showing the associations of low vitamin D with the development and progression of CKD, cardiovascular complication, and high mortality. Recently, genetic polymorphisms in vitamin D-binding protein have received great attention because they largely affect bioavailable 25(OH)D concentrations. This finding suggests that the serum total 25(OH)D concentrations would not be comparable among different gene polymorphisms and thus may be inappropriate as an index of vitamin D status. This finding may refute the conventional definition of vitamin D status based solely on serum total 25(OH)D concentrations.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Prevalence; Prognosis; Receptors, Calcitriol; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 25883412
DOI: 10.1155/2015/868961 -
European Review For Medical and... May 2013Hypovitaminosis D is a very common disorder, regarding both Western and developing countries. A growing amount of data over the last years have shown vitamin D... (Review)
Review
Hypovitaminosis D is a very common disorder, regarding both Western and developing countries. A growing amount of data over the last years have shown vitamin D deficiency to be high prevalent among HIV-positive subjects. In addition to "classic" risk factors, such as female sex, low dietary intake, dark skin pigmentation and low sun exposure, HIV-related factors, including immune activation and antiretroviral adverse effects, may affect vitamin D status. Even if both protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors have been associated with low vitamin D levels, available evidences have failed to univocally associate hypovitaminosis D with specific antiretroviral class effects. Low vitamin D is known to have a negative impact not only on bone health, but also on neurocognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immune functions. Similarly to the general population, several studies conducted on HIV-infected subjects have associated hypovitaminosis D with a greater risk of developing osteopenia/osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Analogously, vitamin D deficiency has been described as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Last EACS guidelines suggest to screen for hypovitaminosis D every HIV-positive subject having a history of bone disease, chronic kidney disease or other known risk factors for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D repletion is recommended when 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels are below 10 ng/ml. Furthermore, it may be indicated in presence of 25OHD values between 10 and 30 ng/ml, if associated with osteoporosis, osteomalacia or increased parathyroid hormone levels. The optimal repletion and maintenance dosing regimens remain to be established, as well as the impact of vitamin D supplementation in preventing comorbidities.
Topics: Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Bone Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; HIV Infections; Humans; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 23690192
DOI: No ID Found -
Age and Ageing Sep 2014
Review
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Muscle Weakness; Muscle, Skeletal; Predictive Value of Tests; Prevalence; Prognosis; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 25074537
DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afu104 -
Hellenic Journal of Cardiology : HJC =... 2018
Topics: Adolescent; Cardiovascular Diseases; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29966710
DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2018.06.014 -
Critical Care (London, England) Oct 2018The burgeoning literature on vitamin D deficiency and supplementation over the past decade or so has generated a greater understanding of some areas but also an... (Review)
Review
The burgeoning literature on vitamin D deficiency and supplementation over the past decade or so has generated a greater understanding of some areas but also an appreciation of the many areas of equipoise. This is particularly relevant in the field of critical care with the heterogeneous patient populations, the severity and duration of illness and the frequency of comorbid conditions.This review aims to summarise the current knowledge base of vitamin D deficiency within the context of critical illness-"the known knowns"-and also highlight the areas of recognised uncertainty-"the known unknowns". It acknowledges the fact that there may well be other knowledge gaps of clinical relevance of which we are currently unaware-"the unknown unknowns".
Topics: Critical Illness; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Nutrition Therapy; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 30371341
DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2185-8 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Sep 2023This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo over 5 years in participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate the long-term effect of vitamin D supplementation compared to placebo over 5 years in participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA). We also aimed to describe the effect of maintaining sufficient serum vitamin D levels over five years in knee OA.
METHODS
Participants (n = 173) from the Hobart centre of the Vitamin D Effects on Osteoarthritis (VIDEO) trial were extensively followed up 3 years after the cessation of 2-year investigational treatment. Participants were classified as maintaining sufficient vitamin D (n = 79) and not maintaining sufficient vitamin D (n = 61) groups.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference in change in the knee symptoms, depression, and serum levels of IL6 and hs-CRP between both comparisons after 3 years of cessation of the clinical trial. However, among participants who reported no knee surgery (KS), there was a significant improvement in WOMAC function (β: - 83.7, 95% CI: - 167.3, 0) and depression scores (β: - 1.3, 95% CI: - 2.3, - 0.2) in vitamin D group compared to the placebo group. Similarly, those who maintained adequate vitamin D levels over 5 years had significantly less WOMAC knee pain (β: - 33.9, 95% CI: - 65.7, - 2) and physical dysfunction (β: - 105.5, 95% CI: - 198.2, - 12.8) than participants with vitamin D deficiency over 5 years.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D supplementation over 2 years or maintaining vitamin D sufficiency for 5 years was not associated with statistically significant differences in change in knee symptom scores over 5 years. However, among participants who did not report KS, 2-year vitamin D supplementation and maintaining sufficient vitamin D was linked to modest improvements in knee symptoms and depression scores in knee OA.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Knee Joint; Vitamin D Deficiency; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37740217
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03167-8 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Jul 2009Vitamin D is an important prohormone for optimal intestinal calcium absorption for mineralization of bone. Because the vitamin D receptor is present in multiple tissues,... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is an important prohormone for optimal intestinal calcium absorption for mineralization of bone. Because the vitamin D receptor is present in multiple tissues, there has been interest in evaluating other potential functions of vitamin D, particularly, in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cross-sectional studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of CVD, including hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. Initial prospective studies have also demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing incident hypertension or sudden cardiac death in individuals with preexisting CVD. Very few prospective clinical studies have been conducted to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. The mechanism for how vitamin D may improve CVD outcomes remains obscure; however, potential hypotheses include the downregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, direct effects on the heart, and vasculature or improvement of glycemic control. This review will examine the epidemiologic and clinical evidence for vitamin D deficiency as a cardiovascular risk factor and explore potential mechanisms for the cardioprotective effect of vitamin D.
Topics: Blood Vessels; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Supplements; Heart; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 19593102
DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181aaee91 -
Indian Pediatrics Jul 2013Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a significant public health problem throughout the world. Even in the Indian context,it has been reported to be present in majority... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a significant public health problem throughout the world. Even in the Indian context,it has been reported to be present in majority of children in spite of wide availability of sunlight. Recent guidelines have defined vitamin D status as severe deficiency, deficiency, sufficiency and risk for toxicity as 25(OH)D levels <5, <15, >20 and >50ng/mL, respectively.The manifestations of deficiency may vary from hypocalcemic seizures, tetany in infancy and adolescence to florid rickets in toddlers. Treatment is necessary for all individuals with deficiency whether symptomatic or not and consists of vitamin D supplementation as Stoss therapy or daily or weekly oral regimens with equal efficacy and safety, combined with calcium supplements. Routine supplementation starting from newborn period is being increasingly endorsed by various international organizations. Prevention by sensible sunlight exposure, food fortification and routine supplementation are the currently available options for tackling this nutritional deficiency.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 23942432
DOI: 10.1007/s13312-013-0200-3 -
Journal of Nutritional Science and... 2013Interest in contemporary vitamin D research has been sparked in recent years, stemming from the identification of vitamin D receptors in virtually all cells as well as... (Review)
Review
Interest in contemporary vitamin D research has been sparked in recent years, stemming from the identification of vitamin D receptors in virtually all cells as well as the enzymatic machinery necessary to produce its active form. Both epidemiological and in-vitro studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to enigmatic diseases including cardiovascular disease; however, a clear mechanistic link remains missing. This review highlights conclusions of observational studies, in-vitro experiments and randomized-controlled trials that aimed to link deficiency of the sunshine vitamin to one of the leading causes of death in the world, cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, putative mechanisms viewed from a novel perspective are also discussed.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 24477243
DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.59.479