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International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021The vitamin-D-sensitivity of the cardiovascular system may show gender differences. The prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency (VDD) is high, and it alters...
The vitamin-D-sensitivity of the cardiovascular system may show gender differences. The prevalence of vitamin D (VD) deficiency (VDD) is high, and it alters cardiovascular function and increases the risk of stroke. Our aim was to investigate the vascular reactivity and histological changes of isolated carotid artery of female and male rats in response to different VD supplies. A total of 48 male and female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: female VD supplemented, female VDD, male VD supplemented, male VDD. The vascular function of isolated carotid artery segments was examined by wire myography. Both vitamin D deficiency and male gender resulted in increased phenylephrine-induced contraction. Acetylcholine-induced relaxation decreased in male rats independently from VD status. Inhibition of prostanoid signaling by indomethacin reduced contraction in females, but increased relaxation ability in male rats. Functional changes were accompanied by VDD and gender-specific histological alterations. Elastic fiber density was significantly decreased by VDD in female rats, but not in males. Smooth muscle actin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels were significantly lowered, but the thromboxane receptor was elevated in VDD males. Decreased nitrative stress was detected in both male groups independently from VD supply. The observed interactions between vitamin D deficiency and sex may play a role in the gender difference of cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Animals; Carotid Arteries; Female; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sex Characteristics; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 34360792
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158029 -
International Journal of Paleopathology Dec 2018Although vitamin D is critical to calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling, there is evolution-based variation between species in vitamin D... (Review)
Review
Although vitamin D is critical to calcium/phosphorus homeostasis, bone formation and remodeling, there is evolution-based variation between species in vitamin D metabolism and susceptibility to rickets and osteomalacia. Most herbivores produce vitamin D in response to sunlight, but dogs and cats have generally lost the ability as carnivore diets are rich in vitamin D. Nutritional deficiencies and/or poor exposure to sunlight can induce rickets in birds, swine, cattle and sheep, but horses are less susceptible as they have evolved a calcium homeostasis that is quite different than other animals. Adaptations to specific environments also affect disease incidence: llamas/alpacas out of their natural high altitude intense solar radiation environments are highly susceptible to vitamin D deficiency. The pathology of rickets/osteomalacia is similar across species, however fibrous osteodystrophy is more common and may also be present. Rickets/osteomalacia were likely more common in animals before the advent of commercial diets, but can be difficult to definitively diagnose especially in single archeological specimens. Consideration of species susceptibility, location - especially in terms of latitude, and any available information on diet, season of occurrence, husbandry practices or descriptions of affected animals can support the diagnosis of metabolic bone disease in animals.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Domestic; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29544996
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2018.03.001 -
Nutrients Apr 2021Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), representing an independent predictor factor for the development of major postoperative... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenia is a prevalent condition in patients with Crohn's disease (CD), representing an independent predictor factor for the development of major postoperative complications. Thus, a proper assessment of the muscle strength, by using different validated tools, should be deemed an important step of the clinical management of these patients. Patients with CD are frequently malnourished, presenting a high prevalence of different macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies, including that of vitamin D. The available published studies indicate that vitamin D is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, and regeneration of muscle cells. The relationship between vitamin D deficiency and sarcopenia has been extensively studied in other populations, with interesting evidence in regards to a potential role of vitamin D supplementation as a means to prevent and treat sarcopenia. The aim of this review was to find studies that linked together these pathological conditions.
Topics: Crohn Disease; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Prevalence; Sarcopenia; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33923948
DOI: 10.3390/nu13041378 -
Physiological Research 2015In this review we summarize recent opinions on the possible role of vitamin D in the risk of thyroid diseases development. It may be concluded from the available data... (Review)
Review
In this review we summarize recent opinions on the possible role of vitamin D in the risk of thyroid diseases development. It may be concluded from the available data that vitamin D deficiency, particularly levels below 12.5 ng/ml should be considered as an additional, but important risk factor for development of thyroid autoimmunity, both chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and Graves' disease. A higher risk of Graves' disease development is also associated with several polymorphisms in the gene encoding for vitamin D binding protein and for the specific receptor of active form of vitamin D - 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) in the respective target cells. Important for development of thyroid cancer appeared polymorphisms of genes encoding for vitamin D receptors and of genes encoding for the participating hydroxylating enzymes in thyroid tissue, leading to a diminished local 1,25-(OH)(2)D(3) formation capacity with following alteration of antiproliferatory, antiapoptotic and prodifferentiating efficacy of the latter. Whether supplementation with high doses of vitamin D or its analogues possesses preventive or therapeutic effect is an object of intensive studies.
Topics: Animals; Dietary Supplements; Graves Disease; Humans; Thyroid Diseases; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 26680495
DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933083 -
BioMed Research International 2015
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 26078945
DOI: 10.1155/2015/294719 -
Nutrients Oct 2017In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and health has received growing attention from the scientific and medical communities. Vitamin D deficiencies have... (Review)
Review
In recent years, the relationship between vitamin D and health has received growing attention from the scientific and medical communities. Vitamin D deficiencies have been repeatedly associated with various acute and chronic diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Its active metabolite, 1α,25-dihydoxy vitamin D, acts as a modulator of cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis, and cumulative data from experimental and observational studies suggest that relatively a lower vitamin D status could be a potential risk factor for the development of early and/or late AMD. Herein, we made a narrative review of the mechanisms linking a potential role of vitamin D with the current concepts of AMD pathophysiology.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 29027953
DOI: 10.3390/nu9101120 -
Turk Kardiyoloji Dernegi Arsivi : Turk... Apr 2022Heart failure is an important mortality and morbidity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in chronic heart failure patients who...
OBJECTIVE
Heart failure is an important mortality and morbidity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in chronic heart failure patients who live in a sunny region and to evaluate its relationship with the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classes.
METHODS
The study included 657 patients. Demographic clinical, and laboratory parameters were evaluated according to the NYHA classes. Ordinal regression analysis was used to determine the parameters defining the NYHA class.
RESULTS
The median serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D [25(OH)D] level of study population was 16.88 ng/mL. It was 30 ng/mL. 25(OH)D level was positively correlated with eGFR, calcium, albumin, hemoglobin, transferrin saturation, serum iron, while a negative correlation was found with heart rate, parathormon, NT-proBNP, and CRP. Together with dereased ß blocker use, increase in N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide levels and left atrial diameter, a decrease in vitamin D level (OR: 0.970, 95% CI: 0.945-0996, P=.024) was independently associated with an increase in the New York Heart Association class.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are common in patients with chronic heart failure, and vitamin D level is an important determinant of the NYHA functional class in patients with heart failure.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; New York; Peptide Fragments; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 35450844
DOI: 10.5543/tkda.2022.21024 -
The Clinical Respiratory Journal Apr 2021Low Vitamin D levels have been associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and acute exacerbations.
INTRODUCTION
Low Vitamin D levels have been associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and acute exacerbations.
OBJECTIVES
There is a paucity of data on Vitamin D and COPD, its severity and exacerbations in populations that are exposed to sunlight regularly with high levels of physical activity most of their lives.
METHODS
Serum levels of 25-OH-Vitamin-D were assessed in 100 COPD subjects and 100 age- and gender-matched controls from the rural community-based MUDHRA cohort in South India. Levels of <20 ng/mL were defined as Vitamin D deficiency. Smoking habits, occupation, Charlson co-morbidity index, Standard of living index(SLI), body mass index(BMI), 6-minute walking distance were examined for associations with logistic regression between controls and COPD subjects. Unconditional logistic regression was used to examine the association with exacerbation of COPD.
RESULTS
Vitamin D deficiency was observed in 64.5% (95%CI 57.7-70.8) of the subjects in spite of regular exposure to sunlight. Subjects with COPD had higher risk of Vitamin D deficiency (Adjusted OR: 5.05; 95%CI 1.4-17.8) as compared to controls. Amongst subjects with COPD, Vitamin D deficient subjects were three times more likely to have exacerbations in the previous year (Adjusted OR:3.51; 95%CI 1.27-9.67) as compared to COPD subjects without Vitamin D deficiency. Levels of Vitamin D <20.81 ng/mL and <18.45 ng/mL had the highest levels of combined sensitivity and specificity for COPD and acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD) respectively.
CONCLUSION
In a rural population exposed to sunlight many hours a day throughout their lives, low Vitamin D levels were associated with COPD and exacerbations of COPD.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Humans; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33217151
DOI: 10.1111/crj.13310 -
International Wound Journal Jan 2023A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer wounds in diabetic subjects. A systematic literature... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the association between vitamin D deficiency and diabetic foot ulcer wounds in diabetic subjects. A systematic literature search up to March 2022 incorporated 7586 subjects with diabetes mellitus at the beginning of the study; 1565 were using diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds, and 6021 were non-ulcerated diabetic subjects. Statistical tools like the dichotomous and contentious method were used within a random or fixed-influence model to establish the odds ratio (OR) and mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the influence of vitamin D deficiency in managing diabetic foot ulcer wound. Diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds had significantly lower vitamin D levels (MD, -6.48; 95% CI, -10.84 to -2.11, P < .004), higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmoL/L) (OR, 1.82; 95% CI, 1.32-2.52, P < .001), and higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency (OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.65-3.89, P < .001) compared with non-ulcerated diabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects with foot ulcer wounds had significantly lower vitamin D levels, higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, and higher prevalence of severe vitamin D deficiency compared with non-ulcerated diabetic subjects. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Topics: Humans; Diabetic Foot; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Foot Ulcer; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 35567425
DOI: 10.1111/iwj.13836 -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Sep 2017Vitamin D exerts its canonical roles on the musculoskeletal system and in the calcium/phosphorus homeostasis. In the last years, increasing evidences suggested several... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D exerts its canonical roles on the musculoskeletal system and in the calcium/phosphorus homeostasis. In the last years, increasing evidences suggested several extra-skeletal actions of this hormone, indicating that vitamin D may produce effects in almost all the body tissues. These are mediated by the presence of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and thanks to the presence of the 1-α-hydroxylase, the protein that converts the 25-hydroxyvitamin (calcidiol) to the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin (calcitriol). Several studies evaluated the possible role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases, and this review will focus on the available data of the literature evaluating the association between vitamin D and thyroid function, vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' disease and post-partum thyroiditis, and vitamin D and thyroid cancer.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Sunlight; Thyroid Diseases; Thyroid Gland; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 28092021
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-017-9406-3