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La Tunisie Medicale Dec 2023Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune response through an immunomodulatory effect, and is probably involved in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD).
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin D plays a role in regulating the immune response through an immunomodulatory effect, and is probably involved in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease (CD).
AIM
to assess vitamin D status in patients with CD as well as in healthy controls and to determine associated factors of vitamin D deficiency in patients with CD.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective study over 18 months, including CD patients with age and sex matched with healthy controls. Suboptimal vitamin D status was defined by vitamin D serum level < 30 ng/ml, vitamin insufficiency by vitamin D serum level between 10 and 30 ng/ml and vitamin deficiency serum level < 10 ng/ml.
RESULTS
We included 77 subjects (52 patients with CD and 25 controls) with mean age of 38 years± 11. Most patients and controls had suboptimal levels of vitamin D (98% and 96% respectively) including vitamin D deficiency in 75% and 67%, respectively and vitamin D insufficiency in 25% and 33%, respectively. In univariate analysis, vitamin D deficiency was associated with disease flare-up (p=0.001), anemia (p=0.002), hypo-albuminemia (p=0.002), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (p=0.003), Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI) (p<0.001), ileal location (p=0.04) and immunosuppressive therapy (p=0.01). In multivariate analysis, only CDAI was significantly associated with vitamin D deficiency (p=0.003, OR=9.33).
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D deficiency is common in Tunisian CD patients as well as in controls and is associated with disease activity.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Crohn Disease; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38477199
DOI: No ID Found -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jul 2013
Topics: Calcium; Humans; Rickets; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 23943985
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Aug 2023Studies indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the general population and at-risk groups. Given the association between vitamin D deficiency and... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Studies indicate a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in both the general population and at-risk groups. Given the association between vitamin D deficiency and various diseases, addressing this concern becomes crucial, especially in situations where routine monitoring is challenging.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic literature review of the current knowledge on vitamin D dosing in diverse at-risk populations and the application of the findings to a broader clinical perspective.
RESULTS
The reviewed studies revealed a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among patients with musculoskeletal disorders, systemic connective tissue diseases, corticosteroid use, endocrine and metabolic conditions, malabsorption syndromes, obesity, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and central nervous system diseases. Vitamin D deficiency was often more severe compared to the general population. Higher dosages of vitamin D beyond the recommended levels for the general population were shown to be effective in improving vitamin D status in these at-risk individuals. Additionally, some studies suggested a potential link between intermittent vitamin D administration and improved adherence.
CONCLUSION
Simplified dosing could empower clinicians to address vitamin D deficiency, particularly in high-risk populations, even without routine monitoring. Further research is needed to establish the optimal dosing regimens for specific at-risk populations.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Knowledge; Malabsorption Syndromes
PubMed: 37686757
DOI: 10.3390/nu15173725 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022The genomic activity of vitamin D is associated with metabolic effects, and the hormone has a strong impact on several physiological functions and, therefore, on health.... (Review)
Review
The genomic activity of vitamin D is associated with metabolic effects, and the hormone has a strong impact on several physiological functions and, therefore, on health. Among its renowned functions, vitamin D is an immunomodulator and a molecule with an anti-inflammatory effect, and, recently, it has been much studied in relation to its response against viral infections, especially against COVID-19. This review aims to take stock of the correlation studies between vitamin D deficiency and increased risks of severe COVID-19 disease and, similarly, between vitamin D deficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Based on this evidence, supplementation with vitamin D has been tested in clinical trials, and the results are discussed. Finally, this study includes a biochemical analysis on the effects of vitamin D in the body's defense mechanisms against viral infection. In particular, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are considered in relation to energy metabolism, and the potential, beneficial effect of vitamin D in COVID-19 is described, with discussion of its influence on different biochemical pathways. The proposed, broader view of vitamin D activity could support a better-integrated approach in supplementation strategies against severe COVID-19, which could be valuable in a near future of living with an infection becoming endemic.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35408981
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073621 -
Current Atherosclerosis Reports Jul 2014"Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia" refers to an eclectic group of inherited lipoprotein disorders characterized by low concentrations of or absence of low-density... (Review)
Review
"Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia" refers to an eclectic group of inherited lipoprotein disorders characterized by low concentrations of or absence of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in plasma. Abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, although caused by mutations in different genes, are clinically indistinguishable. A framework for the clinical follow-up and management of these two disorders has been proposed recently, focusing on monitoring of growth in children and preventing complications by providing specialized dietary advice and fat-soluble vitamin therapeutic regimens. Other recent publications on familial combined hypolipidemia suggest that although a reduction of angiopoietin-like 3 activity may improve insulin sensitivity, complete deficiency also reduces serum cholesterol efflux capacity and increases the risk of early vascular atherosclerotic changes, despite low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Specialist laboratories offer exon-by-exon sequence analysis for the molecular diagnosis of primary hypobetalipoproteinemia. In the future, massively parallel sequencing of panels of genes involved in dyslipidemia may play a greater role in the diagnosis of these conditions.
Topics: Abetalipoproteinemia; Avitaminosis; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Humans; Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B; Hypobetalipoproteinemias; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins
PubMed: 24781598
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0423-3 -
Acta Orthopaedica Jun 2021Background and purpose - There is growing evidence that hypoproteinemia is an important risk factor for adverse events after surgery. Less is known about the impact of...
Background and purpose - There is growing evidence that hypoproteinemia is an important risk factor for adverse events after surgery. Less is known about the impact of vitamin deficiency on postoperative outcome. Therefore we evaluated the prevalence and impact of malnutrition and vitamin deficiency in geriatric patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery.Patients and methods - In a retrospective analysis of 599 geriatric patients who had undergone elective orthopedic surgery in 2018 and 2019, hypoproteinemia, and deficiency of vitamin D, vitamin B12, and folate were assessed. Reoperation rates, readmission rates, complication rates, and transfusion rates were compared between malnourished patients and patients with normal parameters. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between malnutrition and postoperative adverse events, controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, diabetes mellitus, and frailty.Results - Patients with malnutrition showed a higher rate of reoperation (13% vs. 5.5%; p = 0.01) and exhibited more wound-healing disorders (7.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.001) as well as Clavien-Dindo IV° complications (7.4% vs. 2.4%; p = 0.03). Deficiency of vitamin D led to a higher rate of falls (8.4% vs. 2.9%, p = 0.006). Deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate did not affect postoperative adverse events. Although correlated to frailty (p = 0.004), multivariable regression analysis identified malnutrition as independent risk factor for reoperation (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.2) and wound healing disorders (OR 7.1, CI 1.9-26).Interpretation - Malnutrition is common among geriatric patients undergoing elective orthopedic surgery and represents an independent risk factor for postoperative adverse events.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Avitaminosis; Female; Humans; Male; Malnutrition; Orthopedic Procedures; Patient Readmission; Postoperative Complications; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33538225
DOI: 10.1080/17453674.2021.1882092 -
Praxis Feb 2021Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports A deficiency in vitamin D is very common in the general population as well as in athletes. The aim of this overview is to assess the...
Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports A deficiency in vitamin D is very common in the general population as well as in athletes. The aim of this overview is to assess the level of knowledge about the importance of vitamin D for athletes. A deficiency in vitamin D is present in up to 90 % of athletes. Risk groups are young athletes, female athletes, athletes with a limitation such as paraplegia, vegetarians, athletes with a resorption disorder such as celiac disease, athletes training and competing indoors (e.g. ice hockey, basketball, boxing, rhythmic gymnastics), and older athletes. Dark skin pigmentation, the use of sunscreen, the time of day of the training (early morning, late evening) and the geographical location influence the risk for a deficiency in vitamin D. Exposure to the sun and a balanced diet are often not enough to prevent a vitamin D deficiency.
Topics: Athletes; Female; Humans; Sports; Sunscreening Agents; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 33530783
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003550 -
European Review For Medical and... Sep 2020In 2019, an infection provoked by SARS-CoV-2 virus arose in Wuhan, China. Currently, there is still no definite and efficacious therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
In 2019, an infection provoked by SARS-CoV-2 virus arose in Wuhan, China. Currently, there is still no definite and efficacious therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, our understanding of the physiopathology of the infection, and risk elements for severity and mortality, is incomplete.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
One largely neglected element that could affect prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the vitamin status of population. The purpose of this review is to evaluate whether a vitamin insufficiency could provoke an augmented risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or the appearance of major complications. In particular, we evaluated the presence of studies related to the state and effects of vitamin D, C, B, and A in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 disease.
RESULTS
Although, actually, the interest in a possible use for vitamin supplementation in SARS-CoV-2 patients is essentially based on indirect data, we tried to examine the evidence about a favorable effect of vitamin supplementation in the therapy of the infection and its complications.
CONCLUSIONS
Supplements with vitamin A, B, C, D, and E could represent an inexpensive and sufficiently safe approach, and a useful therapeutic complement. However, solid clinical research data are expected to support such claim.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Prognosis; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamins
PubMed: 33015818
DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202009_23064 -
BMJ Global Health Jul 2020WHO recommends vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programmes for children 6-59 months where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem. However, resources for VAS are... (Review)
Review
WHO recommends vitamin A supplementation (VAS) programmes for children 6-59 months where vitamin A deficiency is a public health problem. However, resources for VAS are falling short of current needs and programme coverage is suffering. The authors present the case for considering the options for shifting efforts and resources from a generalised approach, to prioritising resources to reach populations with continued high child mortality rates and high vitamin A deficiency prevalence to maximise child survival benefits . This includes evaluating where child mortality and/or vitamin A deficiency has dropped, as well as using under 5 mortality rates as a proxy for vitamin A deficiency, in the absence of recent data. The analysis supports that fewer countries may now need to prioritise VAS than in the year 2000, but that there are still a large number of countries that do. The authors also outline next steps for analysing options for improved targeting and cost-effectiveness of programmes. Focusing VAS resources to reach the most vulnerable is an efficient use of resources and will continue to promote young child survival.
Topics: Child; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Prevalence; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 32718947
DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001997 -
The American Journal of the Medical... Jul 2009Vitamin D is an important prohormone for optimal intestinal calcium absorption for mineralization of bone. Because the vitamin D receptor is present in multiple tissues,... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D is an important prohormone for optimal intestinal calcium absorption for mineralization of bone. Because the vitamin D receptor is present in multiple tissues, there has been interest in evaluating other potential functions of vitamin D, particularly, in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cross-sectional studies have reported that vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased risk of CVD, including hypertension, heart failure, and ischemic heart disease. Initial prospective studies have also demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing incident hypertension or sudden cardiac death in individuals with preexisting CVD. Very few prospective clinical studies have been conducted to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes. The mechanism for how vitamin D may improve CVD outcomes remains obscure; however, potential hypotheses include the downregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, direct effects on the heart, and vasculature or improvement of glycemic control. This review will examine the epidemiologic and clinical evidence for vitamin D deficiency as a cardiovascular risk factor and explore potential mechanisms for the cardioprotective effect of vitamin D.
Topics: Blood Vessels; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Supplements; Heart; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 19593102
DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181aaee91