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American Family Physician Oct 2000Anemia should not be accepted as an inevitable consequence of aging. A cause is found in approximately 80 percent of elderly patients. The most common causes of anemia... (Review)
Review
Anemia should not be accepted as an inevitable consequence of aging. A cause is found in approximately 80 percent of elderly patients. The most common causes of anemia in the elderly are chronic disease and iron deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, gastrointestinal bleeding and myelodysplastic syndrome are among other causes of anemia in the elderly. Serum ferritin is the most useful test to differentiate iron deficiency anemia from anemia of chronic disease. Not all cases of vitamin B12 deficiency can be identified by low serum levels. The serum methylmalonic acid level may be useful for diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency is effectively treated with oral vitamin B12 supplementation. Folate deficiency is treated with 1 mg of folic acid daily.
Topics: Aged; Anemia; Anemia, Hypochromic; Diagnosis, Differential; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency
PubMed: 11037074
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Paulista de Pediatria : Orgao... 2015Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pregnant women and their children is an important health problem with severe consequences for the health of both. Thus, the objectives of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE:
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in pregnant women and their children is an important health problem with severe consequences for the health of both. Thus, the objectives of this review were to reassess the magnitude and consequences of VDD during pregnancy, lactation and infancy, associated risk factors, prevention methods, and to explore epigenetic mechanisms in early fetal life capable of explaining many of the non-skeletal benefits of vitamin D (ViD).
DATA SOURCE:
Original and review articles, and consensus documents with elevated level of evidence for VDD-related clinical decisions on the health of pregnant women and their children, as well as articles on the influence of ViD on epigenetic mechanisms of fetal programming of chronic diseases in adulthood were selected among articles published on PubMed over the last 20 years, using the search term , in combination with , , , and .
DATA SYNTHESIS:
The following items were analyzed: ViD physiology and metabolism, risk factors for VDD and implications in pregnancy, lactation and infancy, concentration cutoff to define VDD, the variability of methods for VDD detection, recommendations on ViD replacement in pregnant women, the newborn and the child, and the epigenetic influence of ViD.
CONCLUSIONS:
VDD is a common condition among high-risk pregnant women and their children. The routine monitoring of serum 25(OH)D3 levels in antenatal period is mandatory. Early preventive measures should be taken at the slightest suspicion of VDD in pregnant women, to reduce morbidity during pregnancy and lactation, as well as its subsequent impact on the fetus, the newborn and the child.
Topics: Child; Female; Fetal Diseases; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 25662013
DOI: 10.1016/j.rpped.2014.05.004 -
Current Atherosclerosis Reports Jul 2014"Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia" refers to an eclectic group of inherited lipoprotein disorders characterized by low concentrations of or absence of low-density... (Review)
Review
"Primary hypobetalipoproteinemia" refers to an eclectic group of inherited lipoprotein disorders characterized by low concentrations of or absence of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B in plasma. Abetalipoproteinemia and homozygous familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, although caused by mutations in different genes, are clinically indistinguishable. A framework for the clinical follow-up and management of these two disorders has been proposed recently, focusing on monitoring of growth in children and preventing complications by providing specialized dietary advice and fat-soluble vitamin therapeutic regimens. Other recent publications on familial combined hypolipidemia suggest that although a reduction of angiopoietin-like 3 activity may improve insulin sensitivity, complete deficiency also reduces serum cholesterol efflux capacity and increases the risk of early vascular atherosclerotic changes, despite low low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Specialist laboratories offer exon-by-exon sequence analysis for the molecular diagnosis of primary hypobetalipoproteinemia. In the future, massively parallel sequencing of panels of genes involved in dyslipidemia may play a greater role in the diagnosis of these conditions.
Topics: Abetalipoproteinemia; Avitaminosis; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Humans; Hypobetalipoproteinemia, Familial, Apolipoprotein B; Hypobetalipoproteinemias; Vitamin A; Vitamin E; Vitamins
PubMed: 24781598
DOI: 10.1007/s11883-014-0423-3 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Oct 2018fat-soluble vitamin deficiency may be a health problem not recognized in children and adolescents.
BACKGROUND
fat-soluble vitamin deficiency may be a health problem not recognized in children and adolescents.
OBJECTIVE
to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the deficiency of vitamins A, D and E among adolescent students from Northeastern Brazil.
METHODS
transversal study with adolescents aged 12 to 19 of both genders. A questionnaire to collect socioeconomic and lifestyle data and food intake was applied to adolescents. Then, an anthropometric evaluation and a blood sampling were performed to analyze serum concentrations of retinol, β-carotene, α-tocopherol and 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25[OH]D).
RESULTS
the intake of vitamins A (50.3%), E (94.0%) and D (99.8%), as well as α-tocopherol (88.1%), β-carotene (74.1%), 25(OH)D (50.9%) and retinol (46.6%) serum levels were mostly deficient/insufficient. An increased risk of α-tocopherol deficiency was observed in girls (PR = 1.11) and an increased risk of 25(OH)D deficiency was observed in boys (PR = 1.41). An increased likelihood of β-carotene (PR = 1.14) and 25(OH) D (PR = 1.38) insufficiency was observed in overweight individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
the adolescents had a deficit in the intake and in serum levels of fat-soluble vitamins. The greatest risk of inadequacy was associated with gender and weight excess. However, the behavior of fat-soluble vitamins in adolescents needs further research.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Avitaminosis; Brazil; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin E Deficiency; Young Adult
PubMed: 30307300
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1785 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022The genomic activity of vitamin D is associated with metabolic effects, and the hormone has a strong impact on several physiological functions and, therefore, on health.... (Review)
Review
The genomic activity of vitamin D is associated with metabolic effects, and the hormone has a strong impact on several physiological functions and, therefore, on health. Among its renowned functions, vitamin D is an immunomodulator and a molecule with an anti-inflammatory effect, and, recently, it has been much studied in relation to its response against viral infections, especially against COVID-19. This review aims to take stock of the correlation studies between vitamin D deficiency and increased risks of severe COVID-19 disease and, similarly, between vitamin D deficiency and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Based on this evidence, supplementation with vitamin D has been tested in clinical trials, and the results are discussed. Finally, this study includes a biochemical analysis on the effects of vitamin D in the body's defense mechanisms against viral infection. In particular, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions are considered in relation to energy metabolism, and the potential, beneficial effect of vitamin D in COVID-19 is described, with discussion of its influence on different biochemical pathways. The proposed, broader view of vitamin D activity could support a better-integrated approach in supplementation strategies against severe COVID-19, which could be valuable in a near future of living with an infection becoming endemic.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35408981
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073621 -
The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Jun 2023Mild vitamin C deficiency is a psychiatrically relevant nutritional state, with symptoms including apathy, fatigue, and low mood. Although complete vitamin C deficiency...
Mild vitamin C deficiency is a psychiatrically relevant nutritional state, with symptoms including apathy, fatigue, and low mood. Although complete vitamin C deficiency has largely been eradicated, mild deficiency remains common in certain populations. Here, we aimed to identify the prevalence of mild vitamin C deficiency in the inpatient psychiatric setting. We identified 221 patients with plasma vitamin C levels collected on an inpatient psychiatric unit serving a metropolitan area between January 1, 2015, and March 7, 2022. We identified demographic (age, sex, race, housing status, Area Deprivation Index [an index of neighborhood disadvantage]), substance use (tobacco use, alcohol use), diagnostic (depressive, bipolar, psychotic, anxiety, substance use, catatonia, neurocognitive, autism spectrum), and micronutrient (folate, vitamin B, vitamin D) risk factors. was used as the diagnostic system. Bayesian log-normal regressions were constructed to predict vitamin C as a function of these risk factors. We used these same models to predict vitamin C as a function of significant risk factors. We found that 64% (141 of 221; 95% confidence interval 57%-70%) of patients met criteria for mild vitamin C deficiency. While we did not identify robust demographic, substance use, or diagnostic-based risk factors, we found that folate and vitamin D strongly predicted vitamin C levels. To test the utility of these predictors, we simulated vitamin C as a function of folate and vitamin D and found that predicted deficiency remained high ( 50%-55%), even when folate/vitamin D were sufficiently replete. We find that vitamin C deficiency is highly prevalent in the inpatient psychiatric setting and remains high even when the relevant risk factor profile is favorable.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Folic Acid Deficiency; Inpatients; Bayes Theorem; Folic Acid; Ascorbic Acid Deficiency; Vitamin D; Ascorbic Acid
PubMed: 37339367
DOI: 10.4088/JCP.22m14616 -
BioMed Research International 2020Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vitamin A deficiency is a major nutritional concern in lower-income countries. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to show the magnitude of vitamin A deficiency among preschoolers in Ethiopia.
OBJECTIVE
The present study was aimed at synthesizing qualitatively and quantitatively the existing literature on the prevalence of VAD in preschool children in Ethiopia.
METHODS
Studies were searched through the search engine of Google Scholar, Hinari, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Africa-Wide Information. Searching was made using the keywords/MeSH of vitamin A deficiency, xerophthalmia, night blindness, Bitot's spot, retinol, children, and Ethiopia. Data were analyzed and compared with the WHO threshold criteria to declare a public health problem. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed using a Cochran test and statistics. A random-effects model with 95% confidence interval was used for prevalence estimations.
RESULTS
Of the 13 studies included in clinical analysis, 12 of them reported the prevalence of night blindness and/or Bitot's spot among preschool children in Ethiopia which was above WHO cutoff point for the public health problem 1% and 0.5%, respectively. The prevalence of night blindness significantly decreased from moderate public health problem 4.2% (95% CI: 2.8%-5.7%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to mild public health problem 0.8% (95% CI: 0.6%-1.0%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Furthermore, statistically insignificant reduction was observed in the prevalence of Bitot's spot in a period from 1990 to 2004, 2.2% (95% CI: 1.3%-3.2%) to 1.8% (95% CI: 1.2%-2.3%) in a period from 2005 to 2019. Among 8 studies on subclinical vitamin A deficiency, 7 of them indicated a severe public health problem (>20%). The prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency decreased from 55.7% (95% CI: 39.8%-71.6%) in a period from 1990 to 2004 to 28.3% (95% CI: 9.8%-46.7%) in a period from 2005 to 2019, but not statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the reduced proportion of night blindness and Bitot's spot, still both clinical and subclinical vitamin A deficiencies remain a public health problem in Ethiopia requiring strengthen intervention through the newly initiated health extension program.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Models, Biological; Prevalence; Vitamin A Deficiency
PubMed: 32258145
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8032894 -
WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public... Jul 2023High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported among selective population, but its population prevalence from representative adult population is lacking in...
High prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency has been reported among selective population, but its population prevalence from representative adult population is lacking in India. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and identify the correlates of Vitamin D deficiency among urban and rural areas of the National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi, India. Serum Vitamin D levels of 1403 adults (aged 30 years above), 702 from urban and 701 from rural NCR of Delhi, who participated in a representative cross-sectional survey were measured using the quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay method. The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency was classified as severe deficient, and insufficient at three serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D-<10, 10-<20, and 20-<30 ng/mL, respectively. The median (interquartile range) 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in urban and rural areas were 7.7 (5.2, 10.8) ng/mL and 16.2 (10.9, 22.3) ng/mL, respectively. The prevalence of Vitamin D severe deficiency, deficiency, and insufficiency in urban areas were 71%, 27%, and 2%, respectively. The corresponding prevalence in rural areas was 20%, 47%, and 25%. Urban location (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.7 [8.6, 15.9]), female gender (OR [95% CI]: 1.5 [1.1, 2.2]), and abdominal obesity (OR [95% CI]:1.5 [1.1, 2.0]) were independently associated with severe deficiency. This study revealed a high prevalence of severe vitamin deficiency among the adult living in NCR, more so among urban areas, women, and obese.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D Deficiency; India; Female; Male; Adult; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Urban Population; Middle Aged; Rural Population; Vitamin D; Risk Factors; Aged
PubMed: 38848530
DOI: 10.4103/WHO-SEAJPH.WHO-SEAJPH_113_22 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Numerous studies have found an association between vitamin deficiency and thyroid disorders (TD). The presence of anti-parietal cell antibodies is indicative of reduced... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Numerous studies have found an association between vitamin deficiency and thyroid disorders (TD). The presence of anti-parietal cell antibodies is indicative of reduced ability to absorb vitamin B12. Thus, this study reviewed the existing studies with the objective of assessing differences in the serum levels of vitamin B12 among patients with and without TD, the frequency of vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with TD, and the presence of anti-parietal cell antibodies in patients with TD.
METHODS
A meta-analysis of random-effects model was conducted to calculate pooled frequencies, mean differences (MD), and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 64 studies that met our inclusion criteria (n = 28597).
RESULTS
We found that patients with hypothyroidism had lower vitamin B12 levels than healthy participants (MD: -60.67 pg/mL; 95% CI: -107.31 to -14.03 pg/mL; p = 0.01). No significant differences in vitamin B12 levels were observed between healthy participants and patients with hyperthyroidism (p = 0.78), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) (p = 0.22), or subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) (p = 0.79). The frequencies of vitamin B12 deficiency among patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, SH, and AITD were 27%, 6%, 27%, and 18%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with hypothyroidism had lower levels of vitamin B12 than healthy participants. No significant differences were observed between vitamin B12 levels and hyperthyroidism, AITD, or SH.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=324422, identifier (CRD42022324422).
Topics: Humans; Hypothyroidism; Hyperthyroidism; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Hashimoto Disease; Autoantibodies
PubMed: 36909313
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1070592 -
European Journal of Public Health Jun 2020
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Humans; Population Health; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32531037
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz207