-
Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia 2011Uveitis is a major visual impairment disease affecting parts or the entire uveal tract and occasionally the sclera, the cornea or the optic nerve. The disease is a major...
PURPOSE
Uveitis is a major visual impairment disease affecting parts or the entire uveal tract and occasionally the sclera, the cornea or the optic nerve. The disease is a major cause of ocular morbidity and blindness in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. In this work we analyzed the sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR to detect the etiological agent from blood, plasma, vitreous and aqueous humor and compared with the diagnostic hypothesis.
METHODS
Twenty-seven patients (13 male) were studied and Real-time PCR method was used for the detection of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), varicella zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) and Toxoplasma gondii (Toxo) in the aqueous humor as well as in the vitreous, blood and plasma.
RESULTS
Our results showed the presence of Toxo, CMV, VZV or HSV-2 in 19.2% of aqueous humor samples, and in 30% of vitreous humor samples. In plasma and blood samples, only CMV was detected (11.1% and 3.7%, respectively).
CONCLUSION
Real-time PCR was able to detect and to confirm diagnostic hypothesis in uveitis. Our data also confirms that vitreous humor is the best source for molecular diagnosis of infectious uveitis but indicates aqueous humor samples that are easier to obtain may also be appropriate to be tested by Real-time PCR.
Topics: Adult; Aqueous Humor; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Uveitis; Vitreous Body; Young Adult
PubMed: 22068852
DOI: 10.1590/s0004-27492011000400006 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Jan 1976This lecture presents the experience in 200 implantations of human eye-bank vitreous through the pars plana of eyes with complicated retinal detachments. Though the...
This lecture presents the experience in 200 implantations of human eye-bank vitreous through the pars plana of eyes with complicated retinal detachments. Though the success rate was modest, it shows that a large-bore instrument can be passed into the vitreous cavity of the eye with relative impunity and sets the stage for the present popular machine vitrectomy. In addition, the paper presents the author's experience with human vitreous transplantation by the 'open sky' transcorneal technique for otherwise hopeless vitreous opacities.
Topics: Eye Banks; Hemorrhage; Humans; Methods; Retinal Detachment; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Suture Techniques; Tissue Preservation; Transplantation, Homologous; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 769647
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Ophthalmologica Aug 2010This study aimed to investigate the roles played by vitreous-derived cells in the pathogenesis of vitreoretinal vascular diseases.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to investigate the roles played by vitreous-derived cells in the pathogenesis of vitreoretinal vascular diseases.
METHODS
The vitreous was removed from porcine eyes and small pieces were cultured from which vitreous-derived cells were isolated. Polymerase chain reaction and ELISA were performed to determine the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively. The viability of human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs) exposed to vitreous-derived cells was assessed by MTT assay.
RESULTS
Expression of the mRNA and protein of VEGF and IL-6 was increased by exposing the porcine vitreous-derived cells (PVDCs) to interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), but not to VEGF or IL-6. The percentage of living human vascular endothelial cells was increased by including VEGF and IL-6 in the culture media. The viability of HRECs was affected by co-culturing them with PVDCs that had been exposed to IL-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, TNFalpha and VEGF.
CONCLUSIONS
Porcine vitreous-derived cells are stimulated by IL-1alpha, IL-1beta and TNFalpha, and produce VEGF and IL-6, which then enhance the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells. This network, including the cytokines and different types of cells, may contribute to the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinal diseases.
Topics: Animals; Cell Communication; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Coculture Techniques; Cytokines; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Interleukin-6; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Retinal Vessels; Swine; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 19604164
DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2008.01466.x -
Intraocular pressure and axial length changes during altitude acclimatization from Beijing to Lhasa.PloS One 2020To investigate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and axial length (AL) on the ascent to high altitude from Beijing to Lhasa.
PURPOSE
To investigate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) and axial length (AL) on the ascent to high altitude from Beijing to Lhasa.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Twenty volunteers (17 men, 3 women) who had been sent to work in Lhasa, Tibet for more than 6 months were enrolled. One of their journeys from Beijing to Lhasa was chosen as the time for the examination. IOP, AL, corneal curvature (K), and blood pressure (BP) were measured in Beijing (altitude 43 m) and Lhasa (altitude 3658 m). Their first examination was conducted at least 1 day before arriving in Lhasa and the second examination after they had stayed in Lhasa for 7 days. The data from the highland and lowland examinations were analyzed with a paired-sample T test and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated for the association between IOP and average BP.
RESULTS
The mean IOP was 12.65±2.34 mmHg in Beijing and 14.85±3.1 mmHg in Lhasa. The mean AL was 24.61±1.50mm in Beijing, and 24.98±1.45 mm in Lhasa. The IOP and AL showed a significant elevation in highland compared with lowland (P<0.05). The mean K was 43.58±2.25 D in Beijing and 43.56±2.21 D in Lhasa and no significant difference was found in this study (P>0.05). A positive correlation between variance of IOP and ACD was found (r = 0.475, P<0.05) and no correlation between IOP and average BP was noted.
CONCLUSIONS
High altitude may lead to a small but significant change in IOP and axial length. However, the shape of the corneal surface was not influenced by the hypobaric and hypoxic conditions.
Topics: Acclimatization; Adult; Altitude; Altitude Sickness; Anterior Chamber; Beijing; Blood Pressure; Cornea; Female; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Tibet; Time Factors; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 31995608
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228267 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE Apr 2011While the mouse retina has emerged as an important genetic model for inherited retinal disease, the mouse vitreous remains to be explored. The vitreous is a highly...
While the mouse retina has emerged as an important genetic model for inherited retinal disease, the mouse vitreous remains to be explored. The vitreous is a highly aqueous extracellular matrix overlying the retina where intraocular as well as extraocular proteins accumulate during disease.(1-3) Abnormal interactions between vitreous and retina underlie several diseases such as retinal detachment, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and proliferative vitreoretinopathy.(1,4) The relative mouse vitreous volume is significantly smaller than the human vitreous (Figure 1), since the mouse lens occupies nearly 75% of its eye.(5) This has made biochemical studies of mouse vitreous challenging. In this video article, we present a technique to dissect and isolate the mouse vitreous from the retina, which will allow use of transgenic mouse models to more clearly define the role of this extracellular matrix in the development of vitreoretinal diseases.
Topics: Animals; Eye Evisceration; Eye Proteins; Mice; Models, Animal; Proteomics; Retina; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 21490583
DOI: 10.3791/2795 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... May 2020The avian eye is an established model for exploring mechanisms that coordinate morphogenesis and metabolism during embryonic development. Less is known, however, about...
PURPOSE
The avian eye is an established model for exploring mechanisms that coordinate morphogenesis and metabolism during embryonic development. Less is known, however, about trafficking of bioenergetic and metabolic signaling molecules that are involved in retinal neurogenesis.
METHODS
Here we tested whether the known 3-day delayed neurogenesis occurring in the pigeon compared with the chick was associated with a deferred reshaping of eye metabolism in vivo. Developmental metabolic remodeling was explored using 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the whole eye and vitreous body, in ovo, in parallel with biochemical and molecular analyses of retinal, vitreous, and lens extracts from bird embryos.
RESULTS
Cross-species comparisons enabled us to show that a major glycolytic switch in the retina is related to neurogenesis rather than to eye growth. We further show that the temporal emergence of an interlocking regulatory cascade controlling retinal oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis results in the exchange of lactate and citrate between the retina and vitreous.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results point to the vitreous as a reservoir and buffer of energy metabolites that provides trophic support to oxidative neurons, such as retinal ganglion cells, in early development. Through its control of key glycolytic regulatory enzymes, citrate, exchanged between extracellular and intracellular compartments between the retina and vitreous, is a key metabolite in the initiation of a glycolytic switch.
Topics: Animals; Birds; Citric Acid; Eye; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mitochondria; Models, Animal; Neurogenesis; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxygen; Retina; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 32392312
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.3 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2012A correct diagnosis of uveitis is often challenging, given the wide range of possible underlying conditions and the lack of typical phenotypes. Management decisions may... (Review)
Review
A correct diagnosis of uveitis is often challenging, given the wide range of possible underlying conditions and the lack of typical phenotypes. Management decisions may be difficult in view of the risk of visual loss with either inappropriate or delayed therapy. Analysis of the vitreous may therefore be used to provide the clinician with valuable information. In this paper, we describe the main clinical situations in which vitreous sampling is indicated and provide some guidance to clinicians for tailoring their requests. These situations include suspected intraocular infection and suspected intraocular malignancy. We describe the principal tests carried out on vitreous samples, including cultures, polymerase chain reaction-based testing, and cytokine analysis. Limitations of the tests used are likely to become less as more advanced testing methods are introduced. The importance of selecting the appropriate investigations to support a clinical suspicion is emphasised, as is the interpretation of test results within a clinical context.
Topics: Eye Infections; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Uveitis; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 23150722
DOI: 10.1155/2012/863418 -
Der Ophthalmologe : Zeitschrift Der... Jul 2021In the 1970s a cutting device into which an infusion and an aspiration channels were integrated, the so-called vitreous infusion suction cutter (V.I.S.C), was used for... (Review)
Review
In the 1970s a cutting device into which an infusion and an aspiration channels were integrated, the so-called vitreous infusion suction cutter (V.I.S.C), was used for the first time for the removal of the vitreous body. These cutting systems have continued to constantly evolve since then; however, sonic energy remained reserved for anterior segment surgery for a long time. In 2020, this form of energy could also be used for the posterior segment in form of Vitesse™. In this liquification technique, ultrasonic energy is transferred to a single, large inner lumen design that mechanically vibrates the needle's port. These high-speed vibrations shear the vitreous body at the port edges before it enters the needle. This mechanism reduces traction to a minimal level and enables faster aspiration at lower vacuum levels compared to conventional cutters. These advantages can promote a safer and more efficient vitreoretinal surgery.
Topics: Humans; Microsurgery; Suction; Technology; Vitrectomy; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 33877403
DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01377-6 -
PloS One 2017To identify the protein profiles in vitreous associated with retinal fibrosis, angiogenesis, and neurite formation in epiretinal fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) in...
PURPOSE
To identify the protein profiles in vitreous associated with retinal fibrosis, angiogenesis, and neurite formation in epiretinal fibrovascular membranes (FVMs) in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).
METHODS
Vitreous samples of 5 non-diabetic control patients with vitreous debris and 7 patients with PDR membranes were screened for 507 preselected proteins using the semi-quantitative RayBio® L-series 507 antibody array. From this array, 60 proteins were selected for a custom quantitative antibody array (Raybiotech, Human Quantibody® array), analyzing 7 control patients, 8 PDR patients with FVMs, and 5 PDR patients without FVMs. Additionally, mRNA levels of proteins of interest were measured in 10 PDR membranes and 11 idiopathic membranes and in retinal tissues and cells to identify possible sources of protein production.
RESULTS
Of the 507 proteins screened, 21 were found to be significantly elevated in PDR patients, including neurogenic and angiogenic factors such as neuregulin 1 (NRG1), nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR), placental growth factor (PlGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) concentrations were strongly correlated to the degree of fibrosis and the presence of FVMs in patients with PDR. Protein correlation analysis showed PDGF to be extensively co-regulated with other proteins, including thrombospondin-1 and Ang2. mRNA levels of glial-derived and brain/derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF and BDNF) were elevated in PDR membranes. These results were validated in a second study of 52 vitreous samples of 32 PDR patients and 20 control patients.
CONCLUSIONS
This exploratory study reveals protein networks that potentially contribute to neurite outgrowth, angiogenesis and fibrosis in the formation of fibrovascular membranes in PDR. We identified a possible role of Ang2 in fibrosis and the formation of FVMs, and of the neurotrophic factors NRG1, PDGF and GDNF in neurite growth that occurs in all FVMs in PDR.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bevacizumab; Case-Control Studies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye Proteins; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 29095861
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187304 -
PloS One 2016Different anatomical regions have been defined in the vitreous humor including central vitreous, basal vitreous, vitreous cortex, vitreoretinal interface and zonule. In...
Different anatomical regions have been defined in the vitreous humor including central vitreous, basal vitreous, vitreous cortex, vitreoretinal interface and zonule. In this study we sought to characterize changes in the proteome of vitreous humor (VH) related to compartments or age in New Zealand white rabbits (NZW). Vitreous humor was cryo-collected from young and mature New Zealand white rabbit eyes, and dissected into anterior and posterior compartments. All samples were divided into 4 groups: Young Anterior (YA), Young Posterior (YP), Mature Anterior (MA) and Mature Posterior (MP) vitreous. Tryptic digests of total proteins were analyzed by liquid chromatography followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Spectral count was used to determine the relative protein abundances and identify proteins with statistical differences between compartment and age groups. Western blotting was performed to validate some of the differentially expressed proteins. Our results showed that 231, 375, 273 and 353 proteins were identified in the YA, YP, MA and MP respectively. Fifteen proteins were significantly differentially expressed between YA and YP, and 11 between MA and MP. Carbonic anhydrase III, lambda crystallin, alpha crystallin A and B, beta crystallin B1 and B2 were more abundant in the anterior region, whereas vimentin was less abundant in the anterior region. For comparisons between age groups, 4 proteins were differentially expressed in both YA relative to MA and YP relative to MP. Western blotting confirmed the differential expression of carbonic anhydrase III, alpha crystallin B and beta crystallin B2. The protein profiles of the vitreous humor showed age- and compartment-related differences. This differential protein profile provides a baseline for understanding the vitreous compartmentalization in the rabbit and suggests that further studies profiling proteins in different compartments of the vitreous in other species may be warranted.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Chromatography, Liquid; Eye Proteins; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Proteome; Proteomics; Rabbits; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitreous Body
PubMed: 27089221
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153560