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Frontiers in Psychology 2020Technology is changing the way organizations and their employees need to accomplish their work. Empirical evidence on this topic is scarce. The aim of this study is to...
Technology is changing the way organizations and their employees need to accomplish their work. Empirical evidence on this topic is scarce. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the effects of technological developments on work characteristics and to derive the implications for work demands and continuous vocational education and training (CVET). The following research questions are answered: What are the effects of new technologies on work characteristics? What are the implications thereof for continuous vocational education and training? Technologies, defined as digital, electrical or mechanical tools that affect the accomplishment of work tasks, are considered in various disciplines, such as sociology or psychology. A theoretical framework based on theories from these disciplines (e.g., upskilling, task-based approach) was developed and statements on the relationships between technology and work characteristics, such as complexity, autonomy, or meaningfulness, were derived. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching databases from the fields of psychology, sociology, economics and educational science. Twenty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. Empirical evidence was extracted and its implications for work demands and CVET were derived by using a model that illustrates the components of learning environments. Evidence indicates an increase in complexity and mental work, especially while working with automated systems and robots. Manual work is reported to decrease on many occasions. Workload and workflow interruptions increase simultaneously with autonomy, especially with regard to digital communication devices. Role expectations and opportunities for development depend on how the profession and the technology relate to each other, especially when working with automated systems. The implications for the work demands necessary to deal with changes in work characteristics include knowledge about technology, openness toward change and technology, skills for self- and time management and for further professional and career development. Implications for the design of formal learning environments (i.e., the content, method, assessment, and guidance) include that the work demands mentioned must be part of the content of the trainings, the teachers/trainers must be equipped to promote those work demands, and that instruction models used for the learning environments must be flexible in their application.
PubMed: 32457688
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00918 -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Feb 1982
Topics: Computers; Education, Medical, Graduate; Humans; Information Services; Medical Staff, Hospital; United Kingdom; Vocational Guidance
PubMed: 6800490
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.284.6314.442 -
Central European Journal of Public... Dec 2019Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects mostly lungs but also other organs. Modern treatment has transformed once fatal disease of childhood into the chronic...
OBJECTIVE
Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects mostly lungs but also other organs. Modern treatment has transformed once fatal disease of childhood into the chronic disease of adulthood. Hence more patients enter the job market. Very few adolescents with cystic fibrosis receive some formal career guidance. There is still no professional career guidance for them in Slovenia.
METHODS
Literature on workability of patients with cystic fibrosis was reviewed. Following the articles and Slovenian and foreign manuals the guidelines on career counselling of young patients with cystic fibrosis is proposed, as well as the suggestions for professional qualification of these patients.
RESULTS
The results of the studies present that workability of patients with cystic fibrosis is associated to forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV) (p < 0.05), the achieved educational level more than 3 years of faculty study (p < 0.001-p < 0.013), self-assessment of quality of life (p = 0.005), age (p = 0.01), and the number of admissions to the hospital (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The interactions among work, quality of life and survival require that healthcare workers strive to help their patients with cystic fibrosis to succeed in their professional lives. The young patients should achieve the highest level of education possible and follow their wishes in line with the realistic possibilities.
Topics: Adolescent; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Slovenia; Vocational Guidance
PubMed: 31951686
DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5634 -
American Journal of Translational... 2021To explore the advantages of continuous nursing for patients with advanced esophageal cancer after esophageal stent implantation.
OBJECTIVE
To explore the advantages of continuous nursing for patients with advanced esophageal cancer after esophageal stent implantation.
METHODS
A total of 48 patients with advanced esophageal cancer who successfully received esophageal stent implantation in the Department of Oncology, at the First People's Hospital Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University were divided into the control group (24 cases, receiving routine discharge guidance) and the experimental group (24 cases, receiving continuous nursing through the issuance of a home nursing instruction handbook, dietary transition guidance after discharge, nutrition and food evaluation, and guidance on daily activities, medication, and prevention of complications, etc.). The quality of life (EORTCQLQ-C30), nutritional status (MNA score and the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), serum total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb)), anxious/depressive mental state (HAMA, HAMD), complications and satisfaction were compared between the two groups.
RESULTS
EORTCQLQ-C30, HAMA and HAMD scores of the two groups three months after discharge were lower than those before discharge, and those of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (all P<0.05). The MNA score and the levels of Hb, TP and Alb in the experimental group three months after discharge had no significant changes compared with those before discharge (all P>0.05), while the MNA score and the levels of Hb, TP and Alb in the control group three months after discharge were lower than those before discharge and those in the experimental group (all P<0.05). The experimental group's nursing satisfaction was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).
CONCLUSION
The application of continuous nursing in patients with advanced esophageal cancer after esophageal stent implantation can effectively improve the patients' adverse mental state, nutritional status and quality of life.
PubMed: 34540104
DOI: No ID Found -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022Prostate cancer is a common malignancy elderly male urogenital system, because of the special disease position, and postoperative complications such as urinary...
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy elderly male urogenital system, because of the special disease position, and postoperative complications such as urinary retention, urinary incontinence, and sexual dysfunction, if not treated, can increase the patients' physical pain, anxiety, and other psychological burden; endocrine therapy after surgery can affect self-image and quality of life of patients. Omaha system was originally used for community health nurses, which contains three main contents: problem classification, nursing intervention, and outcome evaluation. The problem classification dimension includes four dimensions: environment, physiology, social psychology, and health-related behavior. The nursing intervention dimension is composed of 75 intervention objectives and four behavior types. Omaha system is a nursing intervention model based on individual psychological, physiological, educational level, and family and social background. The model has good clinical application effect. This study aimed to explore the continuous nursing intervention effect in the nursing of patients with prostate cancer and its psychological impact. A total of 96 prostate patients with cancer who were admitted to Taizhou First People's Hospital from November 2019 to May 2021 were divided into Omaha system care group and routine care group with 48 cases each by random number table method. The routine care group received routine care and discharge guidance, and the Omaha system care group on the basis of the routine care group; continuation care based on the Omaha system was implemented. The differences in mental state, life quality score, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level, average urine flow rate, and self-care ability score were compared between the routine care and Omaha system care group. The results showed that Omaha-based continuation care for prostate cancer is beneficial to reduce bad mood, improve patients' life quality score and self-care ability, and provide certain reference for clinical care of prostate cancer patients.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Male; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prostatic Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35836919
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8735363 -
Ayu 2014Agni (digestive fire), Prakruti (constitution), Dhatusarata (tissue excellence), Dosha (bio-energies) are the specialties of Ayurveda on which diagnosis, treatment and... (Review)
Review
Agni (digestive fire), Prakruti (constitution), Dhatusarata (tissue excellence), Dosha (bio-energies) are the specialties of Ayurveda on which diagnosis, treatment and research are based. The description of Dhatusarata (tissue excellence) has been given under Dashavidha Pariksha (tenfold examination) in Charak Samhita, Viman Sthana, 8(th) chapter. Some qualities, which are mentioned in Dhatusarata are difficult to assess, e.g. Sukha, Aishwarya, Upabhoga, Bala, etc., There is a need to develop some quantitative parameters to measure these qualities according to tissue excellence i.e. Dhatusarata. By assessing Dhatu Sarata, one can judge the true strength of a particular Dhatu but only the ability or strength is not enough to get success; the liking or interest is also essential to achieve success. The purpose of this study is to elaborate the concept of Dhatusarata and reveal different aspects of Sukha according to the quality of that particular Dhatu in context of vocational guidance. It will help to establish interrelationship between Dhatusarata and vocational guidance. It will be assessed whether this Sukha quality is merely happiness or having different shades according to the excellence of Dhatus and whether this study is useful in guiding the person to choose appropriate profession, which will be according to his liking and ability. It has been concluded that shades of Sukha quality varies with particular Dhatusaras, which may be helpful in guiding a suitable profession to an individual which will be according to his ability and liking i.e. Sukha for intimate success.
PubMed: 26195895
DOI: 10.4103/0974-8520.158977 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Teachers and parents are key participants in the growth of secondary vocational students, and can jointly support them. This study aimed to explore how the support of...
Teachers and parents are key participants in the growth of secondary vocational students, and can jointly support them. This study aimed to explore how the support of teachers and parents affects the academic performance of secondary vocational students and to reveal the 'black box' mechanism for their interaction and relationship. We adapted a Chinese version of a scale for secondary vocational students' perception of teacher and parent support, drawing on self-determination theory. A survey was conducted through the Chinese questionnaire platform , and respondents were fully informed about the research. Data were collected from 710 secondary vocational students in Shanghai and analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. Our hypothesis model was verified, with results indicating that the support of autonomy, emotion, and ability provided by parents and teachers has a significant impact on students' academic performance. The degree of learning engagement plays a mediating role in the relationship between support and achievement. The achievement goal orientation of students can adjust individual learning engagement, and further, affect the influence of teacher and parent support on academic performance. Teacher and parent support interactively influence learning engagement. The study findings suggest that an optimization strategy is needed to promote the academic improvement of secondary vocational students to meet students' basic psychological needs and promote cooperation between family and school. Parents and teachers should also consider the impact of learning engagement and the learning process, and offer guidance in developing an appropriate achievement goal orientation and a positive learning concept.
PubMed: 35519655
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.863740 -
Pharmacy Practice 2021Recent New Zealand policy documents aim for pharmacists to be retained, and promote the provision of extended clinical pharmacy services. However, younger pharmacists...
BACKGROUND
Recent New Zealand policy documents aim for pharmacists to be retained, and promote the provision of extended clinical pharmacy services. However, younger pharmacists have expressed dissatisfaction with the profession on informal social for a.
OBJECTIVES
To explore the characteristics, and perspectives of pharmacy as a career, of recent Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm, four-year degree) graduates who have left, or are seriously considering leaving the New Zealand pharmacy profession in the near future and where they have gone, or plan to go.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study with a mixed-method explanatory sequential design. An anonymous online survey among those who completed their pharmacy undergraduate degree (BPharm or equivalent) in 2003 or later and who had left or who were seriously considering leaving the New Zealand pharmacy profession in the next five years, was open from 1 December 2018 to 1 February 2019. Recruitment occurred via University alumni databases, pharmacy professional organisations, pharmaceutical print media, social media and word-of-mouth. Ten semi-structured interviews were then conducted with a purposive sample of survey respondents. Descriptive statistics were generated from the quantitative data and qualitative data were analysed using manifest content analysis.
RESULTS
We received 327 analysable surveys of which 40.4% (n=132) were from those who had already left the New Zealand pharmacy sector at the time of the data collection and the rest (59.6% n=195) were those working within the sector, but seriously considering leaving the profession. Reasons most commonly reported for studying pharmacy were having an interest in health and wanting to work with people. The most common reasons for leaving, or wanting to leave, were dissatisfaction with the professional environment, including inadequate remuneration, and a perceived lack of career pathways or promotion opportunities. A wide range of career destinations were declared, with medicine being most frequently reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Most of the reasons for leaving/considering leaving the profession reported relate to the values and features of the pharmacy profession such as the professional environment, remuneration and career pathways. These findings are consistent with other studies and may represent a barrier to achieving the aims of recent health policy documents.
PubMed: 34221201
DOI: 10.18549/PharmPract.2021.2.2332 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022The outbreak and spread of the pandemics have been an issue of critical concern globally, posing a significant threat to the health sector globally. This study aimed to...
INTRODUCTION
The outbreak and spread of the pandemics have been an issue of critical concern globally, posing a significant threat to the health sector globally. This study aimed to examine the basic knowledge and attitudes toward the recommended protective measures at different times, respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, and provide recommendations for developing targeted strategies and measures for preventing and controlling public health emergencies.
METHODS
The study used self-filled questionnaires to examine the public's knowledge, attitudes, and practices on COVID-19 at two different period, from 20 to 31 March 2020 (the beginning period) and 22-27 April 2022 (the regular epidemic prevention and control period). Descriptive and quantitative analyses were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The survey collected 2375 valid questionnaires. A comparison of the two periods reveals that as the epidemic continued over a long period, the level of knowledge, attitudes toward preventive measures, risk perceptions, and adoption behavior of the respondents at the beginning of the epidemic were significantly higher than during the regular epidemic prevention and control period. With the upsurge in the spread of the epidemic, the public needs a multi-channel, targeted, and all-round guidance and information on prevention and control of the COVID-19, and internalizes knowledge into individual's behavior of actively responding to diseases.When the epidemic lasts for a long time, the relevant agencies should strengthen their monitoring role to promote public compliance with the recommended measures.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Pandemics; Surveys and Questionnaires; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 36743164
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1063384 -
Cancer Cell International May 2024Mousedouble minute 2 (MDM2) is one of the molecules activated by p53 and plays an important role in the regulation of p53. MDM2 is generally believed to function as a... (Review)
Review
Mousedouble minute 2 (MDM2) is one of the molecules activated by p53 and plays an important role in the regulation of p53. MDM2 is generally believed to function as a negative regulator of p53 by facilitating its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Consequently, blocked p53 activity often fails in damaged cells to undergo cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. Given that around 50% of human cancers involve the inactivation of p53 through genetic mutations, and directly targeting p53 through drug development has limited feasibility, targeting molecular regulation related to p53 has great potential and has become a research hotspot. For example, developing drugs that target the interaction between p53 and MDM2. Such drugs aim to reactivate p53 by targeting either MDM2 binding or p53 phosphorylation. Researchers have identified various compounds that can serve as inhibitors, either by directly binding to MDM2 or by modifying p53 through phosphorylation. Furthermore, a significant correlation exists between the expression of MDM2 in tumors and the effectiveness of immunotherapy, predominantly in the context of immune checkpoint inhibition. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the molecular characteristics of MDM2 and the current state of research on MDM2-targeting inhibitors. It includes a review of the impact of MDM2 targeting on the efficacy of immunotherapy, providing guidance and direction for the development of drugs targeting the p53-MDM2 interaction and optimization of immunotherapy.
PubMed: 38741108
DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03356-8