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Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted... 2022The skin and mucosa of the vulva are different from the rest of the human body, as it is derived from all three embryological layers. It is more prone to dermatological...
BACKGROUND
The skin and mucosa of the vulva are different from the rest of the human body, as it is derived from all three embryological layers. It is more prone to dermatological diseases, both infectious and noninfectious.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Our study was a prospective descriptive study on female patients attending the skin outpatient department with complaints of vulval dermatoses. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of venereal and nonvenereal dermatoses (infectious and non-infectious) along with age-wise distribution of these in our area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All female patients presenting with visible skin lesions on the vulva from January 2019 to December 2019 were included in this study. Various diagnostic tests such as Gram staining, Tzanck smear, KOH mount, herpes simplex virus serology, and skin biopsy were performed wherever necessary.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
The study included 520 patients in whom 525 lesions were identified. These were grouped under venereal and non-venereal dermatoses. Nonvenereal dermatoses were further grouped under infectious and non-infectious conditions. Maximum patients were in the age group of 21-40 years (50.19%). The most common dermatoses were non-venereal infections, seen in 220 (42.30%) patients followed by non-venereal, non-infectious dermatoses seen in 177 (34.04%) patients whereas venereal dermatoses were seen in 128 (24.61%) patients.
CONCLUSION
Most of the patients were in the reproductive age group, and the prevalence of infectious dermatoses both venereal and non-venereal was much more than that of non-infectious conditions affecting the vulval skin as per our study.
PubMed: 36743089
DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_18_22 -
International Journal of Cancer Mar 2018Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers and genital warts in both men and women, whereas there is a scarcity of large studies...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers and genital warts in both men and women, whereas there is a scarcity of large studies focused on HPV prevalence in different anogenital sites of both sexes in the same population. From May to July 2014, 2,309 men and 2,378 women aged 18-55 were enrolled from communities in Liuzhou, China. Penis/glans penis/coronary sulcus (PGC) and perianal/anal canal (PA) specimens of men, and vaginal (VA), vulvar (VU) and PA specimens of women, were collected and genotyped for HPV. The prevalence of any HPV tested in PGC and PA samples from men and VA, VU and PA samples from women was 10.8%, 3.8%, 14.2%, 13.3% and 8.4%, respectively. The concordance of VA and VU was highest (kappa = 0.74), followed by VU and PA (0.44), VA and PA (0.38) and PGC and PA (0.14). Besides sex behavior, ever having used a towel supplied by a hotel was a risk factor for both external genital and PA HPV infection. Our data indicated that women were more of a major reservoir for oncogenic HPV infection of both genital sites and PA sites than was men. In both sexes, the genital sites were more likely than PA sites to harbor HPV infection. The concordance rates of HPV infection between genital sites and PA infection were poor.
Topics: Adult; Anal Canal; China; Condylomata Acuminata; DNA, Viral; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Penis; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Vagina; Vulva; Young Adult
PubMed: 29063590
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31128 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2022Vulval intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (VINs) are rare lesions that appear with limited signs of pre-malignancy restricted to the vulvar epithelium. One of the...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Vulval intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (VINs) are rare lesions that appear with limited signs of pre-malignancy restricted to the vulvar epithelium. One of the principal causes of VINs is the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially in people with weakened immune systems and young women.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 35-year-old woman presented with VIN3 who had severe immunosuppression and was under corticosteroid treatment. Her lesions were treated with a laser and surgical excision.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Pathological findings indicated full thickness dysplasia and HPV infection. Follow-up after 5 years showed complete recovery and no recurrence, with a restoration of the vulva esthetics.
CONCLUSION
Due to the increasing prevalence of VIN malignancy in young women and the importance of maintaining normal anatomy and function of the genitalia, a combination of surgery and laser can be used instead of extensive surgery only.
PubMed: 35734690
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103763 -
Health Science Reports Sep 2022Excessive vaginal discharge is troublesome for females. The majority of the women seek gynecological consultation due to excessive vaginal discharge. The causes vary...
INTRODUCTION
Excessive vaginal discharge is troublesome for females. The majority of the women seek gynecological consultation due to excessive vaginal discharge. The causes vary from physiological to pathological discharge. Unless the cause is identified and treated, women will remain in distress. The present study was thus carried out to determine the most common cause of the excessive vaginal discharge.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Phuentsholing General Hospital, Chukha, Bhutan, from May 1 to October 31, 2021. All females aged 18 years and older, irrespective of marital status, who presented with excessive vaginal discharge were recruited for the study. With due informed consent, a sterile speculum examination was performed and a high vaginal swab was collected and subjected to various tests. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS 23 software. Descriptive statistical tests were used for frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviations; the test was used to determine associations, and a logistic regression test was performed to determine the effect of independent variables on dependent variables.
RESULTS
A total of 400 women were recruited for the study, of whom 362 (90.5%) women had infective causes for vaginal discharge. Trichomoniasis was the most common infection identified in 162 (40.5%) women, followed by bacterial vaginosis (91, 22.8%) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (52, 13.0%). In 38 (9.5%) women, infective cause was not found and categorized as physiological vaginal discharge. Malodorous, profuse discharge, vulval itching, dyspareunia, dysuria, and lower abdominal pain were significantly associated with infectious vaginal discharge.
CONCLUSIONS
Excessive vaginal discharge was mainly caused by infections. The most commonly detected infection was trichomoniasis, followed by bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. Every female with vaginal discharge requires proper evaluations to identify the infection and treat it adequately.
PubMed: 36090622
DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.793 -
International Journal of... Sep 2016Genital tract tuberculosis is usually secondary to extragenital tuberculosis. The upper genital tract is usually involved; involvement of cervix and vulva is very...
Genital tract tuberculosis is usually secondary to extragenital tuberculosis. The upper genital tract is usually involved; involvement of cervix and vulva is very uncommon. We present two such rare cases of vulval and cervical tuberculosis diagnosed on histopathology and treated with antitubercular chemotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Cervix Uteri; Female; Histocytochemistry; Humans; Microscopy; Middle Aged; Tuberculosis, Female Genital; Vulva
PubMed: 27847026
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmyco.2016.06.017 -
PloS One 2022There are limited data on the epidemiology of HPV in different anatomical sites of female sex workers (FSW). We investigated the prevalence and concordance of cervical,...
BACKGROUND
There are limited data on the epidemiology of HPV in different anatomical sites of female sex workers (FSW). We investigated the prevalence and concordance of cervical, vulval, oral and anal HPV among FSW in Ibadan, Nigeria.
METHODS
FSWs aged 18-45 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional survey. After interview and clinical examination, samples were collected from mouth, cervix, vulva and anus. HPV genotyping was done with Anyplex II 28HPV assay. Multivariable analyses were performed to explore associated risk factors and concordance of HPV infections across sites.
RESULTS
In total, 315 FSWs participated in the study with a mean age of 30-6.5 years. The prevalence of any HPV infection was 88% in the vulva, 84% in the cervix, 75% in the anus and 24% in the oral cavity. HPV 35 was the most prevalent and concordant high-risk type in the four sites. The risk factors for HPV infection by anatomic site varied.
CONCLUSION
This large study showed a high prevalence and concordance of HPV infections of cervical, vulval, oral and anal HPV among FSWs in Nigeria. The potential to acquire and transmit HPV is high in this population, and we highlighted the urgency to protect young women through HPV vaccination.
Topics: Anal Canal; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Genitalia; Humans; Nigeria; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Sex Workers
PubMed: 35353833
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265269 -
Journal of Microbiology (Seoul, Korea) Dec 2004Papillomaviruses infect a wide variety of animals, including humans. The human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular, is one of the most common causes of sexually... (Review)
Review
Papillomaviruses infect a wide variety of animals, including humans. The human papillomavirus (HPV), in particular, is one of the most common causes of sexually transmitted disease. More than 200 types of HPV have been identified by DNA sequence data, and 85 HPV genotypes have been well characterized to date. HPV can infect the basal epithelial cells of the skin or inner tissue linings, and are, accordingly, categorized as either cutaneous or mucosal type. HPV is associated with a panoply of clinical conditions, ranging from innocuous lesions to cervical cancer. In the early 1980s, studies first reported a link between cervical cancer and genital HPV infection. Genital HPV infections are now recognized to be a major risk factor in at least 95% of cervical cancers. 30 different HPV genotypes have been identified as causative of sexually transmitted diseases, most of which induce lesions in the cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, and anus, as the result of sexual contact. There is also direct evidence demonstrating that at least four of these genotypes are prerequisite factors in cervical cancer. The main aim of this review was to evaluate the current literature regarding the pathovirology, diagnostics, vaccines, therapy, risk groups, and further therapeutic directions for HPV infections. In addition, we reviewed the current status of HPV infections in South Korean women, as evidenced by our data.
Topics: Anal Canal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; Genitalia, Female; Genitalia, Male; Genotype; Humans; Korea; Male; Mucous Membrane; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Risk Factors; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Skin; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Vaccination; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 15650698
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... May 2018A group of Holstein first-calved heifers developed small pustules and ulcers on the vulva and in the vagina during the first 1-4 wk postpartum. The lesions varied from...
A group of Holstein first-calved heifers developed small pustules and ulcers on the vulva and in the vagina during the first 1-4 wk postpartum. The lesions varied from small red pinpoint foci to pustules and ulcers, 3-5 mm diameter. Some ulcers coalesced to form large ulcerated areas up to 15 mm diameter. In some animals, these ulcers progressed to become deep ulceration of the vaginal and vulvar mucosa with >50% of the mucosa involved. Vaginal biopsies from 4 heifers and vaginal individual swabs from 8 heifers for a combined sampling of 9 heifers were taken for clinical assessment. Six of the 9 heifers had parapoxvirus based on histopathology and/or PCR. Histologic examination of the biopsies of the pustules identified ballooning degeneration of the epithelium with degenerate epithelium containing eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions consistent with a parapoxvirus in 3 of 4 biopsies. Testing for bovine herpesvirus 1, 2, and 4, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine papular stomatitis virus, and orf virus remained negative.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; California; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Dairying; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Parapoxvirus; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Poxviridae Infections; Vulvovaginitis
PubMed: 29429402
DOI: 10.1177/1040638718758829 -
American Family Physician May 1998Skin infections are common and may be caused by bacteria, fungi or viruses. Breaks in the skin integrity, particularly those that inoculate pathogens into the dermis,... (Review)
Review
Skin infections are common and may be caused by bacteria, fungi or viruses. Breaks in the skin integrity, particularly those that inoculate pathogens into the dermis, frequently cause or exacerbate skin infections. Bacterial skin infections caused by corynebacteria include erythrasma, trichomycosis axillaris and pitted keratolysis. Staphylococci may cause impetigo, ecthyma and folliculitis. Streptococcal skin infections include impetigo and erysipelas. Human papillomavirus skin infections present as several different types of warts, depending on the surface infected and its relative moisture, and the patterns of pressure. The many dermatomycoses (skin infections caused by fungi or yeasts) include tinea capitis, tinea barbae, tinea cruris, tinea manus, tinea pedis and tinea unguium (onychomycosis). Candidal infections occur in moist areas, such as the vulva, mouth, penis, skinfolds and diaper area. Wounds caused by wood splinters or thorns may result in sporotrichosis. Animal bites may result in complex, serious infections, requiring tetanus and, possibly, rabies prophylaxis in addition to appropriate antibiotic therapy.
Topics: Humans; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Wound Infection
PubMed: 9614412
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Purulent vulvar discharges, primarily caused by genito-urinary tract infections, are an important source of economic loss for swine producers due to sow culling and...
Purulent vulvar discharges, primarily caused by genito-urinary tract infections, are an important source of economic loss for swine producers due to sow culling and mortality. However, the agents that compose the vaginal microbiota of sows and their changes during infections are not well understood. The first goal of this study was to characterize and compare the vaginal bacterial content of healthy (HE, n = 40) and purulent vulvar discharge sows (VD, n = 270) by a culture-dependent method and MALDI-TOF MS identification. Secondly, we performed 16S rRNA targeted metagenomic approach (n = 72) to compare the vaginal microbiota between these groups. We found a wide variety of bacteria, with Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidota being the most abundant phyla in both groups, as well as Escherichia-Shigella, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides at the genus level. Most agents identified in the sequencing method also grew in the culture-dependent method, showing the viability of these bacteria. Alpha diversity did not differ between HE and VD sows, regarding sample richness and diversity, but a beta-diversity index showed a different microbiota composition between these groups in two tested herds. ANCOM analysis revealed that Bacteroides pyogenes were more abundant in VD females and can be a marker for this group. Other agents also require attention, such as the Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Staphylococcus hyicus found in remarkably greater relative abundance in VD sows. Network analysis revealed important positive correlations between some potentially pathogenic genera, such as between Escherichia-Shigella, Trueperella, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, and Prevotella, which did not occur in healthy sows. We conclude that the alteration of the vaginal microbiota between healthy and purulent vulvar discharge sows, although not extreme, could be due to the increase in the relative abundance of specific agents and to associations between potentially pathogenic bacteria.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Female; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Swine; Vagina; Vulva
PubMed: 35650232
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13090-8