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Ghana Medical Journal Mar 2017Basidiobolomycosis is an uncommon chronic deep fungal infection in which gradually enlarging granulomas form, usually in the subcutaneous fat tissues of the limbs, chest...
UNLABELLED
Basidiobolomycosis is an uncommon chronic deep fungal infection in which gradually enlarging granulomas form, usually in the subcutaneous fat tissues of the limbs, chest or trunk of immunocompetent hosts, primarily children and young adults. It is caused by the fungus . Definitive diagnosis is by microscopy and histopathology. Effective treatments include ketoconazole, itraconazole, potassium iodide and co-trimoxazole. A 3 year old girl presented with ulcerations on the right thigh for one month, and painful swelling of the right leg and right buttock for six months. The right lower limb and vulva were swollen, tender and hard with hyperpigmentation and inguinal lymphadenopathy. She had severe anaemia, eosinophilia and negative serology for HIV I and II. Histopathological examination showed a dermal chronic granulomatous infiltrate with fungal hyphae and yeast forms suggestive of Basidiobolus ranarum. There was marked reduction in right leg size and inguinal lymphadenopathy after several weeks of oral itraconazole, and complete healing of ulcers after 10 weeks. The purpose of this report is to increase awareness of this disfiguring condition which is treatable but, if not correctly diagnosed, could result in inappropriate interventions such as amputation and anti-coagulant therapy.
FUNDING
None declared.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Combined Modality Therapy; Entomophthorales; Female; Humans; Itraconazole; Potassium Iodide; Treatment Outcome; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Ulcer; Zygomycosis
PubMed: 28959073
DOI: 10.4314/gmj.v51i1.9 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Jun 2018Medical records of 17 client-owned dogs diagnosed with os clitoris on physical examination or diagnostic imaging were reviewed to describe the clinical signs and...
Medical records of 17 client-owned dogs diagnosed with os clitoris on physical examination or diagnostic imaging were reviewed to describe the clinical signs and surgical management of this condition. All dogs were phenotypically female. The most common presenting complaints included an enlarged clitoris ( = 10), urinary tract infection ( = 5), and licking of the vulva ( = 3). Other frequently reported clinical signs included vaginal discharge and/or lower urinary tract signs such as pollakiuria. Ten dogs were surgically managed with os clitorectomy. Concurrent related procedures included gonadohysterectomy ( = 7), and episioplasty ( = 3). Clitorectomy in the surgically managed dogs created a more normal female anatomy and resolved clinical signs associated with the exposed clitoris.
Topics: Animals; Clitoris; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Urinary Tract Infections; Urination Disorders; Vaginal Discharge
PubMed: 29910473
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Jul 2003Bartholin's duct cysts and gland abscesses are common problems in women of reproductive age. Bartholin's glands are located bilaterally at the posterior introitus and... (Review)
Review
Bartholin's duct cysts and gland abscesses are common problems in women of reproductive age. Bartholin's glands are located bilaterally at the posterior introitus and drain through ducts that empty into the vestibule at approximately the 4 o'clock and 8 o'clock positions. These normally pea-sized glands are palpable only if the duct becomes cystic or a gland abscess develops. The differential diagnosis includes cystic and solid lesions of the vulva, such as epidermal inclusion cyst, Skene's duct cyst, hidradenoma papilliferum, and lipoma. The goal of management is to preserve the gland and its function if possible. Office-based procedures include insertion of a Word catheter for a duct cyst or gland abscess, and marsupialization of a cyst; marsupialization should not be used to treat a gland abscess. Broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is warranted only when cellulitis is present. Excisional biopsy is reserved for use in ruling out adenocarcinoma in menopausal or perimenopausal women with an irregular, nodular Bartholin's gland mass.
Topics: Abscess; Bartholin's Glands; Catheterization; Cysts; Drainage; Female; Humans; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 12887119
DOI: No ID Found -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Mar 2011
Topics: Aged; Biopsy; Female; Humans; Tuberculoma; Tuberculosis, Cutaneous; Vulva; Vulvar Diseases
PubMed: 21482386
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2009.10.002 -
Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted... 2022The skin and mucosa of the vulva are different from the rest of the human body, as it is derived from all three embryological layers. It is more prone to dermatological...
BACKGROUND
The skin and mucosa of the vulva are different from the rest of the human body, as it is derived from all three embryological layers. It is more prone to dermatological diseases, both infectious and noninfectious.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
Our study was a prospective descriptive study on female patients attending the skin outpatient department with complaints of vulval dermatoses. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of venereal and nonvenereal dermatoses (infectious and non-infectious) along with age-wise distribution of these in our area.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
All female patients presenting with visible skin lesions on the vulva from January 2019 to December 2019 were included in this study. Various diagnostic tests such as Gram staining, Tzanck smear, KOH mount, herpes simplex virus serology, and skin biopsy were performed wherever necessary.
OBSERVATIONS AND RESULTS
The study included 520 patients in whom 525 lesions were identified. These were grouped under venereal and non-venereal dermatoses. Nonvenereal dermatoses were further grouped under infectious and non-infectious conditions. Maximum patients were in the age group of 21-40 years (50.19%). The most common dermatoses were non-venereal infections, seen in 220 (42.30%) patients followed by non-venereal, non-infectious dermatoses seen in 177 (34.04%) patients whereas venereal dermatoses were seen in 128 (24.61%) patients.
CONCLUSION
Most of the patients were in the reproductive age group, and the prevalence of infectious dermatoses both venereal and non-venereal was much more than that of non-infectious conditions affecting the vulval skin as per our study.
PubMed: 36743089
DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_18_22 -
Viruses Aug 2015DNA viruses are known to be associated with a variety of different cancers. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a family of viruses and several of its sub-types are... (Review)
Review
DNA viruses are known to be associated with a variety of different cancers. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a family of viruses and several of its sub-types are classified as high-risk HPVs as they are found to be associated with the development of a number of different cancers. Almost all cervical cancers appear to be driven by HPV infection and HPV is also found in most cancers of the anus and at least half the cancers of the vulva, penis and vagina, and increasingly found in one sub-type of head and neck cancers namely oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Our understanding of HPVs role in cancer development comes from extensive studies done on cervical cancer and it has just been assumed that HPV plays an identical role in the development of all other cancers arising in the presence of HPV sequences, although this has not been proven. Most invasive cervical cancers have the HPV genome integrated into one or more sites within the human genome. One powerful tool to examine all the sites of HPV integration in a cancer but that also provides a comprehensive view of genomic alterations in that cancer is the use of next generation sequencing of mate-pair libraries produced from the DNA isolated. We will describe how this powerful technology can provide important information about the genomic organization within an individual cancer genome, and how this has demonstrated that HPVs role in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is distinct from that in cervical cancer. We will also describe why the sequencing of mate-pair libraries could be a powerful clinical tool for the management of patients with a DNA viral etiology and how this could quickly transform the care of these patients.
Topics: Cell Transformation, Viral; DNA Virus Infections; Gene Order; Humans; Neoplasms; Pathology, Molecular; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Virus Integration
PubMed: 26262638
DOI: 10.3390/v7082831 -
British Medical Journal Sep 1972
Topics: Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Humans; Podophyllin; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Vulva; Warts
PubMed: 4650855
DOI: No ID Found -
PloS One 2015To systematically review previous studies and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in vulvar cancer. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review previous studies and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of video endoscopic inguinal lymphadenectomy (VEIL) in vulvar cancer.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive review of studies published through September 2014 to retrieve all relevant articles. The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Wan Fang Data and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were systematically searched for all relevant studies published in English or Chinese through September 2014. Data were abstracted independently by two reviewers, and any differences were resolved by consensus.
RESULTS
A total of 9 studies containing 249 VEIL procedures involving 138 patients were reviewed. Of the 249 VEIL procedures, only 1 (0.4%) was converted to an open procedure for suturing because of injury to the femoral vein. The range of operative time was 62 to 110 minutes, and the range of estimated blood loss was 5.5 to 22 ml. The range of the number of harvested lymph nodes was 7.3 to 16. The length of hospital stay varied from 7 to 13.6 days across reports. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 19.7% (27/138), and the recurrence rate was 4.3% (3/70) within 3 to 41 months of follow-up. One or more short-term complications were documented in 18 of 138 (13.0%) patients. Complications after VEIL were observed in 14 (10.13%) patients and in 15 (6.0%) of the VEIL cases, including major lymphocyst formation in 9 (3.6%), lymphorrhea in 2 (0.8%), inguinal wound infection without wound breakdown in 3 (1.2%) and lymphedema in 1 (0.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
VEIL appears to be a feasible procedure in the management of vulvar cancer. There may be potential benefits that result in lower morbidity compared to traditional methods, but this has yet to be objectively proven.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Blood Loss, Surgical; Female; Humans; Length of Stay; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphocele; Operative Time; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome; Video-Assisted Surgery; Vulva; Vulvar Neoplasms
PubMed: 26496391
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140873 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Jun 2022Vulval intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (VINs) are rare lesions that appear with limited signs of pre-malignancy restricted to the vulvar epithelium. One of the...
INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE
Vulval intraepithelial neoplastic lesions (VINs) are rare lesions that appear with limited signs of pre-malignancy restricted to the vulvar epithelium. One of the principal causes of VINs is the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, especially in people with weakened immune systems and young women.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 35-year-old woman presented with VIN3 who had severe immunosuppression and was under corticosteroid treatment. Her lesions were treated with a laser and surgical excision.
CLINICAL DISCUSSION
Pathological findings indicated full thickness dysplasia and HPV infection. Follow-up after 5 years showed complete recovery and no recurrence, with a restoration of the vulva esthetics.
CONCLUSION
Due to the increasing prevalence of VIN malignancy in young women and the importance of maintaining normal anatomy and function of the genitalia, a combination of surgery and laser can be used instead of extensive surgery only.
PubMed: 35734690
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103763 -
Jornal de Pediatria 2023Prophylactic HPV vaccines are a fundamental tool to reduce infections and tumors caused by the most prevalent types of these viruses, as this review points out. Several... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Prophylactic HPV vaccines are a fundamental tool to reduce infections and tumors caused by the most prevalent types of these viruses, as this review points out. Several countries have adopted immunization programs that recommend vaccination against HPV for girls and adolescents between 9 and 14 years of age and, in some of them, also for boys. The programs also contemplate the immunization of adults, particularly in the case of individuals with different immunodeficiencies.
SOURCES OF DATA
The available vaccines are recommended for the prevention of tumors of the uterine cervix, vulva, vagina, penis, and anal canal. Moreover, two of the vaccines prevent the occurrence of genital warts, having been recently indicated for the prevention of oropharyngeal cancer.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Based on the evidence that antibody responses in girls were non-inferior after two doses when compared to three doses, several countries have decided to reduce the vaccination schedule for girls and boys up to 14 years of age from three to two doses, with an interval of six months between them. Recently, knowledge has been accumulating about the immunogenicity, duration of protection, and efficacy of a single-dose HPV vaccine regimen in girls and young women.
CONCLUSION
Single-dose HPV vaccination could substantially reduce the incidence of pre-cancer and cervical cancer attributable to HPV, with reduced costs for vaccine delivery and simplified implementation, allowing more countries to introduce HPV vaccination or increase the adherence of the target population.
Topics: Adult; Male; Adolescent; Humans; Female; Papillomavirus Infections; Developing Countries; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Costs and Cost Analysis; Vaccination
PubMed: 36638833
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2022.11.012