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International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022Appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) favors fewer complications related to pregnancy, delivery, puerperium, and the condition of the fetus and newborn baby. The aim...
UNLABELLED
Appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) favors fewer complications related to pregnancy, delivery, puerperium, and the condition of the fetus and newborn baby. The aim of this study was to evaluate weight gain in women during and after pregnancy, including both women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study involved 42 singleton pregnant women diagnosed with GDM between the 24th and 28th week of pregnancy. The control group consisted of 28 nondiabetic women with a singleton pregnancy. The pre-pregnancy BMI, intra-pregnancy weight gain, and postpartum body weight were assessed in the participants.
RESULTS
There were no statistically significant differences in the values of intra-pregnancy weight gain. Only diabetic women who were also overweight or obese had a significantly higher percentage of weight gain during pregnancy. The analysis of the percentage of weight gain during the entire pregnancy showed differences only in the group of women with pre-pregnancy BMI over 30.
CONCLUSIONS
There were no significant differences in total pregnancy or mid-pregnancy weight gain between women with and without GDM. Most of the women had too high or too low total-pregnancy and mid-pregnancy weight gain. Therefore it is necessary to control GWG and educate pregnant women about it.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Overweight; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Weight Gain
PubMed: 36231261
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911959 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Apr 2020There is evidence that caesarean section delivery can impact on neonatal weight loss and weight gain patterns in the first 5 days of life. We conducted an integrative... (Review)
Review
There is evidence that caesarean section delivery can impact on neonatal weight loss and weight gain patterns in the first 5 days of life. We conducted an integrative systematic review to examine the association of mode of delivery on early neonatal weight loss. Pubmed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online were searched for relevant papers published before June 2019. Reference lists from the relevant papers were then backwards and forwards searched. As neonatal weight loss was reported in different formats, a meta-analysis could not be carried out. Most studies did not distinguish between elective and emergency caesarean sections or instrumental and nonassisted vaginal deliveries. Seven papers were included. All papers except one found that caesarean section was associated with higher weight loss in the early days of life. Two papers presented data from studies on babies followed up to 1 month. One study found that on day 25, babies born by caesarean section had significantly higher weight gain than those born vaginally, while another found that by day 28, babies born vaginally gained more weight per day (11.9 g/kg/day) than those born by caesarean section (10.9 g/kg/day; p = .02). Overall, infants born by caesarean section lost more weight than those born vaginally, but due to the small number of studies included, more are needed to look at this difference and why it may occur. This discrepancy in weight between the two groups may be corrected over time, but future studies will need larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods to examine this.
Topics: Cesarean Section; Female; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Male; Weight Gain; Weight Loss
PubMed: 31777183
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12914 -
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and... Aug 2021
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Obesity; Weight Gain
PubMed: 34196218
DOI: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.121.316595 -
Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Mar 2023
Topics: Humans; Weight Gain; Behavior Therapy; Weight Loss
PubMed: 36473674
DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.11.011 -
American Journal of Obstetrics &... Feb 2020Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food, known as food insecurity, has been associated with obesity and other adverse health outcomes,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food, known as food insecurity, has been associated with obesity and other adverse health outcomes, but has rarely been studied in pregnancy. Food insecurity may negatively affect behavioral and physiological changes during pregnancy and may be associated with poor perinatal outcomes including gestational weight gain.
OBJECTIVE
Given the lack of information on the role of food insecurity in pregnancy and the possible relationship with perinatal outcomes such as gestational weight gain, the objective of this study was to examine the association between food insecurity and gestational weight gain in a diverse cohort of pregnant women.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was an observational study of 299 English-speaking women who delivered live-born singleton gestations at ≥24 weeks at a single tertiary care center. During their postpartum hospitalizations, enrolled women completed a survey of food security status during pregnancy using the United States Department of Agriculture Household Food Security Survey Module. Scores were analyzed as inadequate (marginal, low, or very low) vs adequate (high) food security. Women without prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain data were excluded. The primary outcome was gestational weight gain categorized as inadequate, adequate, or excessive based on 2009 National Academy of Medicine guidelines, which account for body mass index. Secondary outcomes included total gestational weight gain and other maternal and neonatal outcomes. Multivariable linear and multinomial logistic regressions were performed to assess the independent associations of food insecurity with gestational weight gain after controlling for potential confounding factors.
RESULTS
Of the 299 women enrolled in the study, 11.0% (n = 33) reported inadequate food security during pregnancy. Women with inadequate food security were younger ( = .007), had a greater mean body mass index ( < .001), were more likely to be non-Hispanic black or Hispanic ( < .001) and publicly insured ( < .001), but were less likely to be employed ( < .001). Women with inadequate food security also had fewer prenatal visits ( < .001) and were less likely to have initiated prenatal care in the first trimester ( < .001). The occurrence of excessive gestational weight gain did not differ by food security status (33.3% inadequate food security vs. 43.6% adequate food security, an adjusted relative risk ratio of 0.42, 95% confidence interval 0.16 - 1.14). Median total gestational weight gain was lower for women with inadequate food security (9.2 kg, interquartile range 7.5 - 14.1) than for women with adequate food security (13.9 kg, interquartile range 10.6 - 16.7) ( < .001), and this difference persisted when controlling for potential confounders including prepregnancy body mass index ( = -2.5, 95% confidence interval -5.0 to -0.21).
CONCLUSIONS
In this diverse, urban population, more than 1 in 10 women experienced food insecurity during pregnancy. Inadequate food security was associated with lower median total gestational weight gain, but not with excessive gestational weight gain as determined by the 2009 National Academy of Medicine categories.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Female; Food Insecurity; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Obesity; Pregnancy; United States; Weight Gain
PubMed: 33313497
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2019.100068 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Nov 2011Gestational weight gain (GWG) is known to be a potential risk factor for short-term postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and thus for overweight in women. Does GWG also... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Gestational weight gain (GWG) is known to be a potential risk factor for short-term postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and thus for overweight in women. Does GWG also determine the long-term risk of overweight in women?
OBJECTIVE
We aimed to study the short- and long-term effects of GWG in accordance with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations on postpartum weight retention.
DESIGN
We systematically reviewed 5 databases and bibliographies of various publications supplemented by hand search for relevant articles published in English or German and performed meta-analyses to quantify the effect estimate of PPWR by using a random-effects model. We split the data into 4 categories of follow-up: <0.5, 0.5-1, ∼3, and ≥15 y.
RESULTS
Of 1770 search hits, 9 observational studies remained suitable for the analysis. PPWR increased after longer time spans after delivery irrespective of whether GWG had been below, within, or above the guidelines. Compared with women with GWG within the recommendations, those with a GWG above the recommendations retained an additional 3.06 kg (95% CI: 1.50, 4.63 kg) after 3 y and 4.72 kg (95% CI: 2.94, 6.50 kg) on average after ≥15 y postpartum. Inadequate GWG was associated with less PPWR (-2.99 kg; 95% CI: -3.72, -2.27 kg) <6 mo after pregnancy. This association faded over time and became nonsignificant (-1.41 kg; 95% CI: -3.03, 0.21 kg) after ≥15 y. The results remained stable in sensitivity analyses that accounted for changes in IOM criteria over time and potential effect modification by low social class. A funnel plot did not suggest publication bias.
CONCLUSION
GWG in accordance with the IOM recommendations is associated with long-term effects on PPWR.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Female; Humans; Obesity; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Weight Gain
PubMed: 21918221
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.015289 -
PloS One 2022Poor asthma control is common during pregnancy and contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identification of risk factors for poor gestational asthma control is...
BACKGROUND
Poor asthma control is common during pregnancy and contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Identification of risk factors for poor gestational asthma control is crucial.
OBJECTIVE
Examine associations of body composition and gestational weight gain with asthma control in a prospective pregnancy cohort (n = 299).
METHODS
Exposures included pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), first trimester skinfolds, and trimester-specific gestational weight gain. Outcomes included percent predicted forced expiratory volumes (FEV1, FEV6), forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), FEV1/FVC, symptoms (activity limitation, nighttime symptoms, inhaler use, and respiratory symptoms), and exacerbations (asthma attacks, medical encounters). Linear and Poisson models examined associations with lung function (β (95% confidence interval (CI)), asthma symptom burden (relative rate ratio (RR (95%CI)), and exacerbations (RR (95%CI)).
RESULTS
Women with a BMI ≥ 30 had lower percent predicted FVC across pregnancy (βThirdTrimester: -5.20 (-8.61, -1.78)) and more frequent night symptoms in the first trimester (RR: 1.66 (1.08, 2.56)). Higher first trimester skinfolds were associated with lower FEV1, FEV6, and FVC, and more frequent night symptoms and inhaler use across pregnancy. Excessive first trimester gestational weight gain was associated with more frequent activity limitation in the first trimester (RR: 3.36 (1.15, 9.80)) and inhaler use across pregnancy (RRThirdTrimester: 3.49 (1.21, 10.02)).
CONCLUSIONS
Higher adiposity and first trimester excessive gestational weight gain were associated with restrictive changes in lung function and symptomology during pregnancy.
Topics: Adiposity; Asthma; Body Mass Index; Female; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Vital Capacity; Weight Gain
PubMed: 35442986
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267122 -
Addictive Behaviors Jan 2018Concern about postcessation weight gain may be one potential barrier to quitting smoking. In this 'mini-review' of recent literature, we summarize findings on the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Concern about postcessation weight gain may be one potential barrier to quitting smoking. In this 'mini-review' of recent literature, we summarize findings on the relationship between postcessation weight gain concern and smoking cessation, and evaluate varied use of postcessation weight gain concern assessments and potential moderators of the postcessation weight gain concern-cessation association.
METHODS
We conducted a search using the terms "smoking" OR "smoking cessation" AND "weight concern" for articles published between January 1, 2011 and December 31, 2016. We identified 17 studies assessing postcessation weight gain concern, seven of which evaluated the postcessation weight gain concern-cessation association.
RESULTS
The relationship between postcessation weight gain concern and smoking cessation was mixed. Recent studies varied in their assessments of postcessation weight gain concern, many of which were not validated and assessed correlates of this construct. Studies varied in their adjustment of demographic (e.g., sex), smoking-specific (e.g., smoking level), and weight-specific (e.g., body mass index) variables.
CONCLUSIONS
The use of non-validated assessments and variability in testing covariates/moderators may contribute to conflicting results regarding the postcessation weight gain concern-cessation relationship. We recommend validating an assessment of postcessation weight gain concern, maintaining vigilance in testing and reporting covariates/moderators, and investigating trajectories of this construct over time and by smoking status to inform future assessment and intervention efforts.
Topics: Cigarette Smoking; Humans; Smoking Cessation; Weight Gain
PubMed: 28865363
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.022 -
Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Jul 2020
Topics: Body Weight; Humans; Quarantine; Social Media; Social Stigma; Weight Gain
PubMed: 32324954
DOI: 10.1002/oby.22850 -
International Journal of Environmental... Aug 2022Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life when her organism undergoes multiple physiological changes so that the fetus has optimal conditions for growth and... (Review)
Review
Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life when her organism undergoes multiple physiological changes so that the fetus has optimal conditions for growth and development. These include modifications in the composition of the microbiome that occur between the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. There is an increase in Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Firmicutes, which have been associated with an increase in the need for energy storage. The growth in Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria levels has a protective effect on both the mother and the fetus via proinflammatory mechanisms. The aim of the study is to review the research on the relationship between the mother's intestinal microbiome and gestational pathologies. Changes in the maternal gut microbiome is probably one of the mechanisms that occurs in various pregnancy diseases such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes mellitus, excessive gestational weight gain, and premature birth. For this reason, it seems vital to pay attention to certain interventions that can benefit the affected patients both in the short term, by preventing complications during pregnancy, and in the long term, as one of the mechanisms occurring in various gestational diseases is dysbiosis of the maternal intestinal flora.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gestational Weight Gain; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Weight Gain
PubMed: 36011603
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19169961