Disease or Syndrome
adrenoleukodystrophy
Subclass of:
Brain Diseases, Metabolic, Inborn;
Mental Retardation, X-Linked;
Adrenal gland hypofunction;
Peroxisomal Disorders
Definitions related to adrenoleukodystrophy:
-
A rare metabolic disorder characterized by damage of the myelin sheaths in the nervous system and degeneration of the adrenal glands. It leads to progressive neurologic disorders, adrenal insufficiency and death.NCI ThesaurusU.S. National Cancer Institute, 2021
-
An X-linked recessive condition caused by mutation(s) in the ABCD1 gene, resulting in defective peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation and accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in all tissues of the body. Clinical manifestations of the condition vary in severity, and can include progressive loss of adrenal gland function, Leydig cell dysfunction, and neurodegenerative changes.NICHD Pediatric TerminologyU.S. National Cancer Institute, 2021
-
An X-linked recessive disorder characterized by the accumulation of saturated very long chain fatty acids in the LYSOSOMES of ADRENAL CORTEX and the white matter of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This disease occurs almost exclusively in the males. Clinical features include the childhood onset of ATAXIA; NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HYPERPIGMENTATION; ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY; SEIZURES; MUSCLE SPASTICITY; and DEMENTIA. The slowly progressive adult form is called adrenomyeloneuropathy. The defective gene ABCD1 is located at Xq28, and encodes the adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ATP-BINDING CASSETTE TRANSPORTERS).NLM Medical Subject HeadingsU.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021
-
Childhood genetic disease, transmitted as an X-linked recessive trait, characterized by diffuse abnormality of cerebral white matter and adrenal atrophy; mental deterioration progresses to dementia, aphasia, apraxia, dysarthria, and loss of vision.CRISP ThesaurusNational Institutes of Health, 2006
-
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) affects the nervous system white matter and the adrenal cortex. Three main phenotypes are seen in affected males: The childhood cerebral form manifests most commonly between ages four and eight years. It initially resembles attention-deficit disorder or hyperactivity; progressive impairment of cognition, behavior, vision, hearing, and motor function follow the initial symptoms and often lead to total disability within six months to two years. Most individuals have impaired adrenocortical function at the time that neurologic disturbances are first noted. Adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) manifests most commonly in an individual in his twenties or middle age as progressive stiffness and weakness of the legs, sphincter disturbances, sexual dysfunction, and often, impaired adrenocortical function; all symptoms are progressive over decades. "Addison disease only" presents with primary adrenocortical insufficiency between age two years and adulthood and most commonly by age 7.5 years, without evidence of neurologic abnormality; however, some degree of neurologic disability (most commonly AMN) usually develops by middle age. More than 20% of female carriers develop mild-to-moderate spastic paraparesis in middle age or later. Adrenal function is usually normal.GeneReviewsUniversity of Washington, 2021
-
Adrenoleukodystrophy (uh-dree-noh-loo-koh-DIS-truh-fee) is a type of hereditary (genetic) condition that damages the membrane (myelin sheath) that insulates nerve cells in your brain.Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
-
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetic disease that affects the nervous system and the adrenal glands (small glands located on top of each kidney). People with this disease often have progressive loss of the fatty covering (myelin) that surrounds the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. They may also have a shortage of...National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Return to OpenMD Medical Dictionary
> A
This content should not be used in place of medically-reviewed decision support reference material or professional medical advice. Some terms may have alternate or updated definitions not reflected in this set. The definitions on this page should not be considered complete or up to date.