Pharmacologic Substance
glyburide
[ glahy-byoo r-ahyd ]
Brand Names:
Glucovance; Glynase
Effect:
Decreased Glycolysis; Increased Diuresis; Increased Glucose Transport into Cells; Increased Insulin Secretion
May Treat:
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
More Information:
Definitions related to glyburide:
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A sulfonamide urea derivative with antihyperglycemic activity that can potentially be used to decrease cerebral edema. Upon administration, glyburide binds to and blocks the sulfonylurea receptor type 1 (SUR1) subunit of the ATP-sensitive inwardly-rectifying potassium (K(ATP)) channels on the membranes of pancreatic beta cells. This prevents the inward current flow of positively charged potassium (K+) ions into the cell, and induces a calcium ion (Ca2+) influx through voltage-sensitive calcium channels, which triggers exocytosis of insulin-containing granules. In addition, glyburide also inhibits the SUR1-regulated nonselective cation (NC) Ca-ATP channel, melastatin 4 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 4; (TRPM4)), thereby preventing capillary failure and brain swelling. SUR1-TRPM4 channels are formed by co-assembly of SUR1 with TRPM4 in neurons, astrocytes, and capillary endothelium during cerebral ischemia. Upon ischemia-induced ATP depletion, channels open which results in sodium influx, cytotoxic edema formation, capillary fragmentation and necrotic cell death. SUR1-TRPM4 is not expressed in normal, uninjured tissues.NCI ThesaurusU.S. National Cancer Institute, 2021
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An antidiabetic sulfonylurea derivative with actions like those of chlorpropamideNLM Medical Subject HeadingsU.S. National Library of Medicine, 2021
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N-4-beta-(2-methoxy-5-chlorobenzamido) -ethylbenzosulfonyl-N'- cyclohexylurea; hypoglycemic used against non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; thought to act by increasing insulin receptor expression in target tissues.CRISP ThesaurusNational Institutes of Health, 2006
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