• (pulmonary rales/crackles/crepitations) Abnormal breath sounds caused by the accumulation of fluid in the lungs.
  CDISC Terminology
  Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC), 2021
• Abnormal breath sounds (crackles) heard on auscultation, indicating inflammation, fluid, or infection of the lung.
  NCI
  U.S. National Cancer Institute, 2021
• Abnormal lung sounds that might be a sign of fluid buildup congestion in the lungs.
  Harvard Dictionary of Health Terms
  Harvard Medical Publishing, 2011
• (crackles) Crackles are discontinuous, explosive, and nonmusical adventitious lung sounds normally heard in inspiration and sometimes during expiration. Crackles are usually classified as fine and coarse crackles based on their duration, loudness, pitch, timing in the respiratory cycle, and relationship to coughing and changing body position.
  Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)
  The Human Phenotype Ontology Project, 2025