• (kyphosis) Increased dorsal concavity in the curvature of the spinal column as viewed from the side. (Makris S, Solomon HM, Clark R, Shiota K, Barbellion S, Buschmann J, Ema M, Fujiwara M, Grote K, Hazelden KP, Hew KW, Horimoto M, Ooshima Y, Parkinson M, Wise LD. Terminology of developmental abnormalities in common laboratory mammals (Version 2). Part B. Birth Defects Res B Dev Reprod Toxicol. 2009 Aug;86(4):227-327.)
  CDISC Terminology
  Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC), 2021
• (kyphosis) Abnormally increased curvature of the thoracic portion of the spine.
  NCI
  U.S. National Cancer Institute, 2021
• (kyphosis) Deformities of the SPINE characterized by an exaggerated convexity of the vertebral column. The forward bending of the thoracic region usually is more than 40 degrees. This deformity sometimes is called round back or hunchback.
  NLM Medical Subject Headings
  U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2025
• (kyphosis) Exaggerated anterior convexity of the thoracic vertebral column.
  Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO)
  The Human Phenotype Ontology Project, 2025
• (kyphosis) A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the curvature of the thoracic portion of the spine.
  Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events
  U.S. National Institutes of Health, 2021
• Kyphosis is an abnormal curving of the spine that causes a humpback. The upper back normally curves forward somewhat. Some children have a greater degree of curvature.
  Merck Manuals
  Merck & Co., Inc., 2025
• Kyphosis refers to the normal apical-dorsal sagittal contour of the thoracic and sacral spine. As a pathologic entity, kyphosis is an accentuation of this normal curvature.
  Medscape
  WebMD, 2025
• Kyphosis is an exaggerated, forward rounding of the back. It can occur at any age but is most common in older women.
  Mayo Clinic
  Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2025