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International Journal of Pediatric... May 2022Pediatric acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is often treated with oral antibiotics, with limited insight into adverse effects (AEs) across drug classes. In this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Pediatric acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) is often treated with oral antibiotics, with limited insight into adverse effects (AEs) across drug classes. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we characterize AE incidence associated with oral antibiotics in these patients.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
We searched PubMed and Embase for English-language articles published from 1985 to September 2020 reporting AEs of oral antibiotic therapy for ABRS patients aged 0-18 years. Six-hundred and sixty-six articles underwent title and abstract screening, identifying 154 articles for full-length review.
RESULTS
Eleven articles were included, most of which reported individual and aggregate AE incidences. Amoxicillin/clavulanate, amoxicillin, cephalosporin/carbacephem, and placebo groups were identified. Random-effects meta-analysis of prospective groups identified appreciable incidences of diarrhea and abdominal pain, and low incidence of rash, for amoxicillin-clavulanate and amoxicillin. All antibiotics as well as placebo were associated with non-zero overall AE incidence. Children receiving antibiotics were about twice as likely to incur any AE during treatment in placebo-controlled studies, though this association was not significant. High heterogeneity limited most point estimates, with risk of bias, typically in outcomes measurement, detected in most studies.
CONCLUSIONS
Reporting of AEs associated with oral antibiotic use in pediatric ABRS is limited in current literature. Adverse effects are non-negligible, but may not significantly exceed placebo.
Topics: Acute Disease; Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Humans; Prospective Studies; Sinusitis
PubMed: 35231746
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2022.111064 -
American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 2015The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate synechiae formation in patients who underwent packing in the middle meatus at the completion of endoscopic sinus... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate synechiae formation in patients who underwent packing in the middle meatus at the completion of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or recurrent acute rhinosinusitis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed and Ovid.
REVIEW METHODS
Prospective randomized controlled studies of ESS with the placement of middle meatal packing were reviewed and included for analysis. Metaanalysis of the pooled data was performed.
RESULTS
Eighteen prospective, randomized, controlled trials met inclusion criteria, resulting in a total of 925 subjects. Although there was a trend toward decreased risk of synechiae formation in the patients who underwent placement of middle meatal packing postoperatively (RR = 0.544), this did not achieve statistical significance on metaanalysis (p = 0.052).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and metaanalysis suggests that use of middle meatal packing does not significantly reduce the risk of synechiae formation after ESS. There was, however, significant heterogeneity of the data analyzed, and the difference between groups was just short of statistical significance in our metaanalysis. Additional prospective randomized studies on this topic will further elucidate the utility of middle meatal packing.
Topics: Animals; Bandages; Endoscopy; Humans; Paranasal Sinuses; Postoperative Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tissue Adhesions
PubMed: 25785755
DOI: 10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4153 -
Laryngoscope Investigative... Aug 2022Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) in patients with active or recent COVID-19 have been reported throughout the world. The primary purpose of the systematic review is to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) in patients with active or recent COVID-19 have been reported throughout the world. The primary purpose of the systematic review is to describe factors associated with IFS in patients with COVID-19. The goal of the case series was to also characterize these factors in addition to evaluating the incidence of IFS at our institution after the onset of the pandemic.
METHODS
A systematic review using the preferred reporting in systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) framework identified publications of IFS cases associated with COVID-19 (IFSAC). Search terms were "COVID-19," "invasive," "fungal," and "sinusitis." IFS cases were evaluated for COVID-19 status, fungal etiology, comorbidities, treatment, and outcome. A case series of patients at our center with IFS between December 1, 2018 to March 31, 2020 ("pre-covid") and April 1, 2020 to August 1, 2021 ("post-covid") was also performed with the above parameters.
RESULTS
Fourteen studies totaling 206 cases of IFSAC were identified. Most cases came from India (140/206, 68.0%), followed by Egypt (62/206, 30.1%), and North America (4/206, 1.9%). Diabetes was the most common comorbidity (151/206, 73.3%). Recent or prolonged steroid use was noted in 65.0% of cases (134/206). In our series, five pre-covid and four post-covid cases were identified. One had recent COVID-19 infection. Acute myeloid leukemia was the most common pre-covid comorbidity (3/5, 60.0%). Diabetes was the most frequent post-covid comorbidity (2/4, 50.0%). Chronic steroid usage was noted in two pre-covid and one post-covid cases.
CONCLUSION
Diabetes and steroid use are common factors in reported cases of IFSAC. IFS incidence in our case series did not change appreciably after the onset of the pandemic.Level of Evidence: 4.
PubMed: 35942423
DOI: 10.1002/lio2.833 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2022This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in treating viral acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of flavonoids in treating viral acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs).
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were entered into meta-analyses performed separately for each indication. Efficacy analyses were based on changes in disease-specific symptom scores. Safety was analyzed based on the pooled data from all eligible trials, by comparing the incidence of adverse events between flavonoids and the control.
RESULTS
In this study, thirty RCTs ( = 5,166) were included. In common cold, results showed that the flavonoids group decreased total cold intensity score (CIS), the sum of sum of symptom intensity differences (SSID) of CIS, and duration of inability to work vs. the control group. In influenza, the flavonoids group improved the visual analog scores for symptoms. In COVID-19, the flavonoids group decreased the time taken for alleviation of symptoms, time taken for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR clearance, the RT-PCR positive subjects at day 7, time to achievement of the normal status of symptoms, patients needed oxygen, patients hospitalized and requiring mechanical ventilation, patients in ICU, days of hospitalization, and mortality vs. the control group. In acute non-streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, the flavonoids group decreased the tonsillitis severity score (TSS) on day 7. In acute rhinosinusitis, the flavonoids group decreased the sinusitis severity score (SSS) on day 7, days off work, and duration of illness. In acute bronchitis, the flavonoids group decreased the bronchitis severity score (BSS) on day 7, days off work, and duration of illness. In bronchial pneumonia, the flavonoids group decreased the time to symptoms disappearance, the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In upper respiratory tract infections, the flavonoids group decreased total CIS on day 7 and increased the improvement rate of symptoms. Furthermore, the results of the incidence of adverse reactions did not differ between the flavonoids and the control group.
CONCLUSION
Results from this systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that flavonoids were efficacious and safe in treating viral ARTIs including the common cold, influenza, COVID-19, acute non-streptococcal tonsillopharyngitis, acute rhinosinusitis, acute bronchitis, bronchial pneumonia, and upper respiratory tract infections. However, uncertainty remains because there were few RCTs per type of ARTI and many of the RCTs were small and of low quality with a substantial risk of bias. Given the limitations, we suggest that the conclusions need to be confirmed on a larger scale with more detailed instructions in future studies. inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-8-0107/, identifier: INPLASY20218010.
Topics: Flavonoids; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Respiratory Tract Infections; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 35252093
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.814669 -
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports Sep 2020We provide a systematic review of experimental and clinical evidences linking allergy to acute, including common cold, and chronic rhinosinusitis in children....
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW
We provide a systematic review of experimental and clinical evidences linking allergy to acute, including common cold, and chronic rhinosinusitis in children. Furthermore, we questioned if anti-allergy treatment may prevent the occurrence of rhinosinusitis or improve outcomes of its specific management.
RECENT FINDINGS
Allergic rhinitis is a common childhood disease in industrialized countries that is responsible for a major impact on quality of life and healthcare resources. Over the years many authors tried to correlate allergy with comorbidities and in particular to the onset of rhinosinusitis including common cold, even though conflicting results are frequently reached. We performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) process. Our search yielded 7103 that were finally screened. This resulted in 25 publications of which the full texts were assessed and included in a qualitative analysis per different phenotypes of rhinosinusitis. The evidence suggests that allergy may lead to overall impairment of mechanical and immunological defense function of the nasal mucosa against viruses and that anti-allergy treatment may significantly decrease the number and severity of upper respiratory tract infections including common colds in children. It was not possible to perform the analysis for allergy and post-viral acute rhinosinusitis, bacterial acute rhinosinusitis, and recurrent acute rhinosinusitis because of paucity and heterogeneity of data. Although there is no definitive proof of causation linking allergy to chronic rhinosinusitis, studies lead to suppose that anti-allergy treatment may improve outcomes of specific CRS treatments.
Topics: Acute Disease; Allergens; Biomarkers; Child; Chronic Disease; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sinusitis
PubMed: 32889648
DOI: 10.1007/s11882-020-00967-9 -
Canadian Association of Radiologists... Feb 2024Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) includes non-invasive and invasive subtypes with the latter having significant morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aims to... (Review)
Review
Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) includes non-invasive and invasive subtypes with the latter having significant morbidity and mortality. This systematic review aims to identify the imaging features most correlated with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) and present a checklist of these features to aid diagnosis. PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Science Direct were searched from inception to May 2023, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Primary research articles published in English describing the imaging features of IFRS were included. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Forty-eight articles were identified for inclusion. Six studies examined radiological features in acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (AIFRS), and 9 studies of chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (CIFRS). A majority of studies did not specify whether IFRS cases were acute or chronic. On CT, bony erosion and mucosal thickening were the most common features. Other features include nasal soft tissue thickening, nasal cavity opacification, opacification of the affected sinus, and perisinus soft tissue infiltration. Extra-sinus extension was commonly observed on MRI, most often invading intraorbitally and intracranially. Other sites of extra-sinus extension included the cavernous sinus, pterygopalatine fossa, infratemporal fossa, masticator space, and facial soft tissue. IFRS is a condition with potential for high morbidity and mortality. Several radiological features are highly suggestive of IFRS. Early identification of high-risk radiological features using a checklist may aid prompt diagnosis and early treatment. Future research investigating the radiological differentiation between IFRS and other significant pathology including bacterial orbital cellulitis would be beneficial.
PubMed: 38344986
DOI: 10.1177/08465371241227424 -
Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006) 2016Herbal medicine is a promising alternative in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). We performed a systematic review for phytopharmaceutical treatments of ARS. A... (Review)
Review
Herbal medicine is a promising alternative in the treatment of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS). We performed a systematic review for phytopharmaceutical treatments of ARS. A computerized search of databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Scopus) up to 16 September 2015 was performed. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled trials (CTs) were included and assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Seven trials on Pelargonium sidoides (EPs 7630, Umckaloabo®), Myrtol (GeloMyrtol® forte), BNO 1016 (Sinupret® extract), BNO 101 (Sinupret®), Cyclamen europaeum (Nasodren®), and Esberitox® were included. Risk of bias was heterogeneous. EPs 7630 appeared to be useful in the treatment of ARS. Myrtol showed benefits against a placebo compound, and BNO 1016 and BNO 101 might be helpful; however, there was little evidence for the effectiveness of Cyclamen europaeum and Esberitox®. Herbal medicine might be effective for the treatment of ARS, but given the low number of clinical trials and the heterogeneous methodological quality, further research is necessary.
Topics: Acute Disease; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 27404100
DOI: 10.1159/000447467 -
International Journal of Pediatric... May 2018To determine the efficacy of nasal saline irrigation (NSI) in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in pediatric patients with acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS)... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To determine the efficacy of nasal saline irrigation (NSI) in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in pediatric patients with acute (ARS) or chronic (CRS) rhinosinusitis.
DATA SOURCES
We searched the PubMed/MEDLINE and Embase electronic databases (indexed January, 1950 through April, 2017).
REVIEW METHODS
Studies assessing the efficacy of NSI in pediatric patients with ARS or CRS were selected for analysis. Outcome measures, including symptom scores and parental surveys, were analyzed. Two independent reviewers evaluated each abstract and article.
RESULTS
Of the 272 articles identified using our search strategy, only 1 study, focusing on the use of NSI in pediatric ARS, met all inclusion criteria. No studies investigating NSI in pediatric CRS were included for analysis. In general, studies demonstrated significant improvement of symptom scores with the use of NSI in pediatric rhinosinusitis; but, the use of varied outcome measures, control treatments, and NSI delivery made including studies and drawing conclusions difficult. No quantitative meta-analysis could be performed.
CONCLUSION
NSI may provide benefit for ARS in children; however, additional high-quality studies with defined outcome measures are needed to determine the quantitative efficacy of this therapy in the pediatric patients with rhinosinusitis-especially in pediatric CRS.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Nasal Lavage; Nasal Sprays; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Quality of Life; Rhinitis; Sinusitis; Sodium Chloride; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29605346
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.001 -
Le Infezioni in Medicina 2021Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Opportunistic infections such as... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute viral illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Opportunistic infections such as mucormycosis have been reported among COVID-19 patients particularly in South Asian countries during the second wave of this pandemic. It is necessary to re-evaluate any changes in traditional risk factors associated with mucormycosis such as diabetes mellitus, organ transplant, etc in the precedent of ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a systematic review using electronic databases. A total of 115 COVID-19 patients who were diagnosed with mucormycosis were included in this study. Diabetes mellitus was the most common co-morbidity with 77.1%, followed by hypertension (29.5%) and renal disease (14.3%). 55.2% of the patients had received dexamethasone for COVID-19 infection. Ten patients (11.5%) had received tocilizumab. Sinuses were the most common site of mucormycosis among COVID-19 patients at 79.4% with maxillary sinus (47.4%) being most commonly infected. Orbits were the second most prevalent site at 56.7% and lungs were infected with mucor at 11.3%. The mean duration between the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection and mucormycosis was 16.15 days (range 2-90 days). Cavernous sinus was either infiltrated or encased in 14 patients (14.4%). Cerebral involvement was seen in terms of abscess, infarcts, or edema in 12 patients (12.4%). Only 76 patients had data on the outcomes, out of which 37 (48.7%) patients had died. Diabetes mellitus is still the most common co-morbidity similar to non-COVID-19 patients. More than 90% of the patients with COVID-19 infection had received steroids. Complications such as cavernous sinus thrombosis, cerebral infarcts, abscesses were common. Indiscriminate use of steroids in patients needs to be avoided and focus needs to be put on tight blood sugar control in diabetic patients. Studies are needed to confirm the role of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in causing immune dysfunction and mucormycosis.
PubMed: 35146358
DOI: 10.53854/liim-2904-2 -
PloS One 2022This systematic review aims to assess the effects and safety of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) in the management of rhinosinusitis (RS); inform clinicians of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review aims to assess the effects and safety of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) in the management of rhinosinusitis (RS); inform clinicians of the current state of the evidence; identify the best available evidence; and suggest further directions for research. Five English and four Chinese language databases, and four clinical trial registries were searched. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Participants were diagnosed with RS based on established criteria. Test interventions were CHMs administered orally and/or nasally, excluding injections and displacement techniques. Control interventions included placebos, no additional treatment, and conventional non-invasive treatments including pharmacotherapies and/or nasal irrigation, and/or inhalations. Polyposis and post-surgical recovery were excluded. Outcomes were Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT), visual analogue scales (VAS), Lund-Mackay computed tomography score (LM), Lund-Kennedy Endoscopic score (LK), Mucociliary transport time (MTT), Mucociliary transport rate (MTR), quality of life and adverse events (AEs). Risk of bias used the Cochrane tool. Meta-analysis in Review Manager 5.4.1 used random effects for mean difference (MD) or risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. Heterogeneity was assessed as I2. Thirty-four RCTs were included, 30 of chronic RS (CRS) and four of acute RS (ARS). These enrolled 3,752 participants. Five RCTs blinded participants. For CRS, comparisons with placebo showed greater improvements in the CHM groups for SNOT-20 and VAS-TNS (total nasal symptoms). Blinded comparisons with pharmacotherapies showed no differences between groups in the degree of improvement for SNOT-20, VAS-TNS, and LM, suggesting these CHMs had similar effects, at least in the short term. In ARS, pooled results found improved scores on VAS-TNS and LK suggesting a benefit for combining these CHMs with pharmacotherapies. Limitations included inadequacies in study design and methodological reporting, and insufficient reporting of AEs. Heterogeneity in some pooled results precluded strong conclusions. Further well-designed studies are needed to test whether the results are replicable. Systematic review registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42019119586).
Topics: Humans; China; Nasal Lavage; Phytotherapy; Sinusitis
PubMed: 36454862
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278492