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Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2022Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and periodontitis in the primary and permanent...
Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is a rare hereditary disease characterized by palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPK) and periodontitis in the primary and permanent dentition, usually resulting in edentulism in youth. Subsiding of PLS-associated periodontitis through specific therapy has occasionally been reported. We aimed to systematically assess periodontal treatment strategies that may decelerate disease progression. A systematic literature search was conducted at PubMed/LIVIVO/Ovid (Prospero registration number CRD42021223253). Clinical studies describing periodontal treatment success-defined as loss of ≤four permanent teeth because of periodontitis and the arrest of periodontitis or probing depths ≤ 5 mm-in individuals with PLS followed up for ≥24 months. Out of the 444 primarily identified studies, 12 studies reporting nine individuals were included. The timely extraction of affected or, alternatively, all primary teeth, compliance with oral hygiene instructions, supra- and subgingival debridement within frequent supportive periodontal care intervals, and-in eight patients-adjunctive systemic antibiotic therapy (mostly amoxicillin/metronidazole) effected a halt in disease progression. The suppression of below the detection limit was correlated with the subsiding of periodontitis. Successful controlling of PLS-associated periodontitis may be achieved if high effort and patient compliance are provided.
PubMed: 36554029
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122505 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2018The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence in the literature in regard to the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence in the literature in regard to the subgingival microbial population of chronic periodontitis in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM+PD) compared to non-diabetic subjects (NDM+PD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was conducted at Ovid MEDLINE and EMBASE database from 1980 to 2016, supplemented by hand searching as needed. Studies presenting with at least one of the primary outcomes (presence of any subgingival microorganisms, proportion and/or the amount of any subgingival plaque bacteria in T2DM+PD versus NDM+PD) were included. Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted independently and in duplicate.
RESULTS
From 611 citations, 19 full-text papers were screened and 11 articles were included for critical appraisal by both reviewers. Some evidence of a difference in the microbial profile between chronic PD subjects with and without T2DM was identified. The strength of evidence is strongest in Tannerella forthysia (T .forsythia) which was reported to be less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group in five of the studies, followed by a weaker strength of evidence for other periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans), which were also found less frequent in the diabetic (T2DM+PD) group .
CONCLUSION
Only few studies have compared T2DM+PD with NDM+PD. It is therefore strongly recommended that further studies which include four distinct groups of participants (NDM+PD, T2DM+PD, NDM+NPD, T2DM+NPD) instead of using intra-subject comparisons between healthy and diseased sites of the same subjects.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Differences in bacterial populations of T2DM+PD in comparison to NDM+PD subjects may indicate the need of different protocols for the treatment of the diabetic patients with periodontal disease.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans
PubMed: 30306333
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2660-2 -
Future Medicinal Chemistry Sep 2017Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by... (Review)
Review
AIM
Resistances to antibiotics employed for treatment of infectious diseases have increased to alarming numbers making it more and more difficult to treat diseases caused by microorganisms resistant to common antibiotics. Consequently, novel methods for successful inactivation of pathogens are required. In this instance, one alternative could be application of light for treatment of topical infections. Antimicrobial properties of UV light are well documented, but due to its DNA-damaging properties use for medical purposes is limited. In contrast, irradiation with visible light may be more promising.
METHODS
Literature was systematically screened for research concerning inactivation of main oral bacterial species by means of visible light.
RESULTS
Inactivation of bacterial species, especially pigmented ones, in planktonic state showed promising results. There is a lack of research examining the situation when organized as biofilms.
CONCLUSION
More research concerning situation in a biofilm state is required.
Topics: Aggregatibacter; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium; Humans; Light; Mouth; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 28792235
DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2017-0051 -
Beneficial Microbes Aug 2021Probiotics have aroused great interest as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapy, due to the frequent colonisation by periodontopathogens after therapy. The aim...
Probiotics have aroused great interest as an adjunctive treatment to periodontal therapy, due to the frequent colonisation by periodontopathogens after therapy. The aim of this systematic review was to analyse in the scientific literature, evidence of the microbiological effects of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy in the treatment of periodontal diseases (PD). Only randomised controlled trials (RCT), evaluating the microbiological effect of probiotics as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. The authors conducted a search in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, Web of Science and Cochrane Library to identify articles published in English until February 2020. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JADAD scale and the risk of bias was assessed according to the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 265 articles potentially relevant to this review, 10 studies were included. The most frequently used probiotic bacteria were those of the genus spp. and the time of administration of the probiotics was between 14 days to 3 months. Most studies have shown that the adjuvant use of probiotics reduces the total mean counts of gram-negative anaerobic species ( and ) and gram-negative coccobacillus () of subgingival plaque samples. Probiotics adjuvant to periodontal therapy reduces periodontopathogenic species in a greater proportion, compared only to periodontal therapy. Especially the strain, without combination with other strains, offered a greater reduction in pathogenic bacteria associated with greater destruction of periodontal tissues and deep periodontal pockets. Researchers should perform high-quality RCT, evaluating single strains without combinations, in order to observe the microbiological benefits as adjunctive treatment of PD.
Topics: Humans; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Pocket; Probiotics; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34169804
DOI: 10.3920/BM2020.0143 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Oct 2019It is unclear whether patients with specific subgingival microbiological profiles benefit more from adjunctive systemic antibiotics. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
It is unclear whether patients with specific subgingival microbiological profiles benefit more from adjunctive systemic antibiotics.
AIMS
To answer the question: "What is the clinical benefit in periodontitis patients taking adjunctive systemic antimicrobials to non-surgical therapy, depending on pre-treatment detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria?"
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search was conducted in four electronic databases for randomized controlled trials reporting clinical outcomes following adjunctive antibiotic therapy for patients divided by baseline microbiological profiles.
RESULTS
The initial search resulted in 643 papers, reduced to five after screening and author contact. Four of these studies were suitable for a fixed effects two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis adjusted for baseline data. Collectively, adjunctive amoxicillin and metronidazole yielded superior clinical results (measured as reduction of PPDs) compared to placebo. No significant differences were detected for the effect of adjunctive antibiotics by the detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans on PPDs ≥ 5 mm (WMD = 1.16, 95% CI [-5.37, 7.68], I = 37.8%) or other clinical outcomes. All included studies had low risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
There is no evidence to suggest that baseline detection of periodontopathogenic bacteria should be used as criterion for prescribing adjunctive antibiotics, although only limited information on microbial data and specific antimicrobials was available for analysis.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Dental Scaling; Humans; Metronidazole
PubMed: 31254278
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13164 -
Infection & Chemotherapy Dec 2017HACEK is a rare cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). We describe 42-year-old male patient who presented with Aggregatibacter aphrophilus PVE and cerebral...
HACEK is a rare cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE). We describe 42-year-old male patient who presented with Aggregatibacter aphrophilus PVE and cerebral infarct. A. aphrophilus was isolated from his blood cultures as the sole pathogen, which was confirmed by subsequent 16S rRNA sequencing. He was treated with valve replacement surgery and an 8 week course of pathogen-directed antibiotic therapy and followed for 20 months without recurrence.
PubMed: 28608662
DOI: 10.3947/ic.2017.49.4.282