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Medicine Oct 2022The lateral sprain of the ankle is a very frequent injury in the population in general, appearing in the emergency services frequently. The general objective was to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The lateral sprain of the ankle is a very frequent injury in the population in general, appearing in the emergency services frequently. The general objective was to review the current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on management and treatment of ankle sprains, assess their quality, analyze the levels of evidence and summarize the grades of recommendation.
METHODS
A systematic search of the literature in relevant databases with the search terms "ankle," "sprain," "practice guideline," and "guideline" was carried out. There were included those guidelines that had the system of grades of recommendation and level of evidence concerning to management and treatment of ankle sprain. The quality of the guides was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool.
RESULTS
Seven clinical practice guides were included in this review. The AGREE II scores ranged from 42% to 100%, with only six CPGs explicitly declaring the use of a systematic methodology. Seventeen recommendations were extracted and summarized.
DISCUSSION
Six of the recommendations analyzed present enough evidence to be applied in clinical practice and are highly recommended for ankle sprain management: Ottawa rules, manual therapy, cryotherapy, functional supports, early ambulation, short term NSAIDs and rehabilitation.
Topics: Humans; Ankle Injuries; Sprains and Strains; Ankle Joint; Early Ambulation; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
PubMed: 36281183
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000031087 -
Body Image Sep 2019This systematic review synthesizes and critically appraises measurement properties of influential body image measures. Eight measures that met the definition of an...
This systematic review synthesizes and critically appraises measurement properties of influential body image measures. Eight measures that met the definition of an assessment of body image (i.e., an individual's cognitive or affective evaluation of their body or appearance with a positive or negative valence), and scored high on systematic expert priority ranking, were included. These measures were: the Body Appreciation Scale (original BAS and BAS-2), the Body Esteem Scale for Adolescents and Adults, the Body Shape Questionnaire, the Centre for Appearance Research Valence Scale, the Drive for Muscularity Scale, two subscales of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire, one subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory 3, and two subscales of the Multidimensional Body Relations Questionnaire. Articles assessing these scales' psychometric properties (N = 136) were evaluated for their methodological quality using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist, and a best evidence synthesis was performed. The results supported the majority of measures in terms of reliability and validity; however, suitability varied across populations, and some measurement properties were insufficiently evaluated. The measures are discussed in detail, including recommendations for their future use in research and clinical practice.
Topics: Body Image; Humans; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 31394462
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.06.006 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Sep 2021The market for food supplements is booming thanks to their increased consumption. European regulations include different ways in which vitamins and minerals are... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The market for food supplements is booming thanks to their increased consumption. European regulations include different ways in which vitamins and minerals are administered, without making it clear to the consumer whether one formulation has advantages over the other. The aim of this review was to compare the bioavailability of different forms of magnesium and analyze the differences between them.
METHODS
Based on a PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome) research question, a search strategy was established for magnesium bioavailability studies comparing different forms in the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. We found 433 studies, out of which 14 were finally selected.
RESULTS
Inorganic formulations appear to be less bioavailable than organic ones, and the percentage of absorption is dose dependent.
CONCLUSIONS
All magnesium dietary supplements can maintain physiological levels in healthy people without prior deficit, although this cannot be assured in older people or those with illnesses or previous subphysiological levels.
Topics: Aged; Biological Availability; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Magnesium; Minerals; Vitamins
PubMed: 34111673
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111294 -
Current Pain and Headache Reports Aug 2020The purpose of this review is to evaluate and explain our current understanding of the clinical use of low-dose naltrexone in the treatment of chronic pain.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The purpose of this review is to evaluate and explain our current understanding of the clinical use of low-dose naltrexone in the treatment of chronic pain.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent pre-clinical uses and clinical studies further elucidate the use of low-dose naltrexone in the treatment of chronic pain. Low-dose naltrexone (LDN) has shown promise to reduce symptoms related to chronic pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, inflammatory bowel conditions, and multiple sclerosis. The mechanism of LDN appears to be modulation of neuro-inflammation, specifically, the modulation of the glial cells and release of inflammatory chemicals in the central nervous system. These effects appear to unique at low dosage compared to dosage for food and drug administration approved use for alcohol and opioid dependence. We review the evidence that LDN has shown more than promise and should be further investigated in clinical practice.
Topics: Chronic Pain; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid-Related Disorders
PubMed: 32845365
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-020-00898-0 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Oct 2022Depression is one of the most important non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its prevalence and related clinical characteristics are unclear. To this end,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Depression is one of the most important non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), but its prevalence and related clinical characteristics are unclear. To this end, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis based on 129 studies, including 38304 participants from 28 countries. Overall, the prevalence of depression in PD was 38 %. When compared with patients without depression, those with depression had a younger age of onset, a lower education level, longer disease duration, higher UPDRS-III, higher H&Y staging scale, and lower MMSE, SE-ADL scores. We observed that depression was associated with female patients, patients carrying the GBA1 mutation, freezing of gait (FOG), apathy, anxiety and fatigue. Our results suggest that depression is an independent, frequent non-motor symptom in PD, appearing in the early stage and persisting throughout the disease duration. In addition, several clinical characteristics and motor and non-motor symptoms appeared to be associated with depression and negatively impacted on quality of life.
Topics: Depression; Female; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Prevalence; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35750224
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104749 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment May 2022Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common, benign skin condition of follicular hyperkeratosis. Although KP is asymptomatic, the cosmetic appearance of KP can lead to... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a common, benign skin condition of follicular hyperkeratosis. Although KP is asymptomatic, the cosmetic appearance of KP can lead to psychosocial distress among patients. New emerging treatments are increasingly being utilized. Yet, there is little to no summative data on the treatments of KP and its subtypes.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize existing literature on treatments for KP and its subtypes.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was performed using Pubmed/MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science databases. The search identified 1150 non-duplicated articles, and 47 articles were included in the review. The primary outcomes measured were KP treatment type and the degree of improvement following therapy.
FINDINGS
Our findings demonstrate that the most supported form of treatment for KP is laser therapy, particularly the QS:Nd YAG laser. Topical treatments - including Mineral Oil-Hydrophil Petrolat, tacrolimus, azelaic acid, and salicylic acid - are also effective at least for improving the appearance of KP.
CONCLUSION
While the measured treatment outcomes varied among studies, laser therapy appears to be the most effective form of treatment. Use of topicals also improved KP lesions.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Darier Disease; Eyebrows; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy
PubMed: 32886029
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2020.1818678 -
Journal of Affective Disorders May 2020We investigated the comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatment strategies for the treatment of acute bipolar depression. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatment strategies for the treatment of acute bipolar depression.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic review and network meta-analysis was conducted by searching eight registries for published and unpublished, double-blind, randomized controlled trials of pharmacotherapies for the acute treatment of bipolar depression.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
PRISMA guidelines were used for abstracting data, while the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess data quality. Data extraction was done independently by two reviewers, with discrepancies resolved by consensus. Data were pooled using a random-effects model.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Primary outcomes were efficacy (response and remission rate) and acceptability (completion of treatment and dropouts due to adverse events). Summary odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using pairwise and network meta-analysis with random effects.
RESULTS
Identified citations (4,404) included 50 trials comprising 11,448 participants. Escitalopram, phenelzine, moclobemide, carbamazepine, sertraline, lithium, paroxetine, aripiprazole, gabapentin and ziprasidone appear to be ineffective as compared to placebo in treatment of bipolar depression. Divalproex, olanzapine/fluoxetine, olanzapine, quetiapine, cariprazine, and lamotrigine, appear to be effective as compared to placebo in treatment of bipolar depression according to the network meta-analysis. Aripiprazole showed higher discontinuation rates versus placebo due to the appearance of any adverse event. Quetiapine was better than placebo at reducing treatment-emergent affective switches. For Bipolar I Disorder, cariprazine, fluoxetine, imipramine, lamotrigine, lurasidone, olanzapine-fluoxetine, and olanzapine were significantly better than placebo at response, while fluoxetine, imipramine, cariprazine, lurasidone, olanzapine-fluoxetine, and olanzapine were significantly better than placebo at remission.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
These results could serve evidence-based practice and inform patients, physicians, guideline developers, and policymakers on the relative benefits of the different antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood-stabilizing agents for the treatment of bipolar depression.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42019122172).
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Lurasidone Hydrochloride; Network Meta-Analysis; Olanzapine
PubMed: 32339131
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.030 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Dec 2021FoMO has been considered a predisposing factor toward excessive internet use, and a great deal of literature has investigated the link between FoMO and internet use.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
FoMO has been considered a predisposing factor toward excessive internet use, and a great deal of literature has investigated the link between FoMO and internet use. However, there is still a lack of cohesion in the literature.
METHODS
The current study have been conducted and reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).
RESULTS
In the current systematic review and meta-analysis of 86 effect-sizes, representative of 55,134 participants (Mean age = 22.07, SD = 6.15, females = 58.37%), we found that the strength of the trait FoMO- internet use association significantly varies from r = 0.11 to r = 0.63. In some populations, FoMO appears to increase with age and it is reverse in other populations. Facebook use was unrelated to FoMO in some populations, and higher FoMO was linked with stopping Instagram use for some individuals. The FoMO- internet use association was independent of their severity, as the interaction was not significant, and this association was neither linear nor curvilinear. The FoMO-internet use association does not appear to be associated with depressive, anxiety, and stress symptoms or level of life satisfaction. The COVID-19 pandemic was the only significant moderator of the FoMO-internet use association, strengthening this relationship.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
FoMO demonstrates a considerable role in internet use; however, there is no evidence of interaction or bi-directional association between the mentioned. Overall, we still don't know what factors contribute to individuals exhibiting distinct patterns in the FoMO-internet use association.
PubMed: 34935633
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00083 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jun 2017The relationship between isotretinoin treatment for acne and depression is controversial. Quantitative analysis has not yet been conducted. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The relationship between isotretinoin treatment for acne and depression is controversial. Quantitative analysis has not yet been conducted.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a meta-analysis, evidence-based examination of the relationship between isotretinoin and depression.
METHOD
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature published from inception to September 30, 2016, was conducted. Controlled or prospective non-controlled trials on ≥15 acne patients receiving isotretinoin treatment were included. The prevalence of depression and change in depression scores were calculated.
RESULT
Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. In the controlled studies, the change in depression scores from baseline was not significantly different between patients receiving isotretinoin treatment and those receiving an alternative treatment (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.334, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.680 to 0.011). The prevalence of depression after isotretinoin treatment significantly declined (relative risk [RR] 0.588, 95% CI 0.382-0.904). The mean depression scores significantly decreased from baseline (SMD -0.335, 95% CI -0.498 to -0.172).
LIMITATIONS
No randomized controlled trials were reviewed; a large inter-study variation was observed.
CONCLUSIONS
Isotretinoin treatment for acne does not appear to be associated with an increased risk for depression. Moreover, the treatment of acne appears to ameliorate depressive symptoms.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Depression; Dermatologic Agents; Humans; Isotretinoin; Prevalence; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 28291553
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2016.12.028 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Jan 2020The aetiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are still under investigation. There is evidence that there is a complex bidirectional interaction between endometriosis...
BACKGROUND
The aetiology and pathogenesis of endometriosis are still under investigation. There is evidence that there is a complex bidirectional interaction between endometriosis and the microbiome.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the available literature on the endometriosis-microbiome interaction, with the aim of guiding future inquiries in this emerging area of endometriosis research.
SEARCH STRATEGY
MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science were searched through May 2019. A manual search of reference lists of relevant studies was also performed.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Published and unpublished literature in any language describing a comparison of the microbiome state in mammalian hosts with and without endometriosis.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Identified studies were screened and assessed independently by two authors. Data were extracted and compiled in a qualitative synthesis of the evidence.
MAIN RESULTS
Endometriosis appears to be associated with an increased presence of Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus spp. and Escherichia coli across various microbiome sites. The phylum Firmicutes and the genus Gardnerella also appear to have an association; however, this remains unclear.
CONCLUSIONS
The complex bidirectional relationship between the microbiome and endometriosis has begun to be characterised by the studies highlighted in this systematic review. Laboratory and clinical studies demonstrate that there are indeed differences in the microbiome composition of hosts with and without endometriosis.
TWEETABLE ABSTRACT
Review findings show endometriosis associated with increased Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli across various microbiome sites.
Topics: Endometriosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Menstrual Cycle; Menstruation Disturbances; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 31454452
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.15916