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JBJS Reviews Nov 2017Hallux rigidus is a common cause of foot pain in the elderly and has a negative impact on quality of life. Several operative treatment options are available for feet... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hallux rigidus is a common cause of foot pain in the elderly and has a negative impact on quality of life. Several operative treatment options are available for feet that are refractory to conservative treatment. Of these, total joint replacement and arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint are the most commonly performed interventions. Nevertheless, it is still not known which intervention results in the best clinical outcome and the fewest complications.
METHODS
PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched for studies assessing outcome with the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society-Hallux Metatarsophalangeal Interphalangeal (AOFAS-HMI) score, Foot Function Index (FFI), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, or Short Form-36 (SF-36) in patients who underwent an arthrodesis or total joint replacement for the treatment of symptomatic hallux rigidus. Secondary outcomes were complications and revision rates. The screening of titles and abstracts, data collection, data extraction, and study quality assessment were performed independently by 2 reviewers. Study quality was determined with use of risk-of-bias tools. Results of included studies were presented in a qualitative manner, and the results of high-quality studies were pooled.
RESULTS
Thirty-three studies, describing a total of 741 arthrodeses and 555 total joint replacements, were included in the qualitative analysis. Six different prostheses were used for total joint replacement, and various fixation techniques were used for arthrodesis. The results of 6 arthrodesis studies and 7 total joint replacement studies were pooled in the quantitative analysis. Pooled results showed superiority of arthrodesis compared with total joint replacement for improving clinical outcome (by 43.8 versus 37.7 points on the AOFAS-HMI score) and reducing pain (a decrease of 6.56 versus 4.65 points on the VAS pain score). Because of the rare reporting of the FFI and SF-36, no comparison could be made for these outcomes. Fewer intervention-related complications (23.1% versus 26.3%) and revisions (3.9% versus 11%) were reported after arthrodesis as compared with total joint replacement, with pain and nonunion and prosthetic loosening being the most commonly reported complications after arthrodesis and total joint replacement, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The present systematic review of the literature indicated that arthrodesis is superior for improving clinical outcome and reducing pain, and is less often accompanied by intervention-related complications and revisions, compared with total joint replacement in patients with symptomatic hallux rigidus. Prospective, randomized controlled trials will need to be conducted to verify this conclusion.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Topics: Aged; Arthrodesis; Arthroplasty, Replacement; Hallux Rigidus; Humans; Metatarsophalangeal Joint; Middle Aged; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29135720
DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.RVW.17.00032 -
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology,... Apr 2016Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is aimed to block the ankle joint motion in cases of severe osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis of the talus and/or failure of arthroplasty... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis is aimed to block the ankle joint motion in cases of severe osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis of the talus and/or failure of arthroplasty operations. This systematic review was carried out to evaluate the clinical outcome after tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using intramedullary nail either open and arthroscopically assisted. Focus was on the success rate of the procedure in terms of union and complications and on the comparison between the techniques.
METHODS
The databases PubMed (Medline), EMBASE and Cochrane Library were searched in order to retrieve relevant studies. All therapeutic level 1-4 studies involving humans with intramedullary nail fixation technique were included. Only studies written in English, Italian, French, Spanish and German were included. Data related to the type of surgery, complications and clinical outcomes were extracted and analysed.
RESULTS
A total of 83 studies were identified, of which 32 studies were eligible for inclusion; 31 case series and one randomized controlled trial. The main reported outcome score was the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scale. Almost, all the included studies reported higher than 50% union rates and a significant improvement in terms of the clinical and mechanical ankle function after treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Results suggest that satisfactory outcomes can be achieved by tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis using intramedullary nailing. Low complication rates contribute to make this a safe procedure. No comparison can be done between arthroscopic and open technique, due to the lack of scientific works on the first one.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
IV.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Ankle; Ankle Joint; Arthrodesis; Arthroplasty; Bone Nails; Female; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteoarthritis; Osteonecrosis; Postoperative Complications; Talus; Young Adult
PubMed: 25715850
DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3548-1 -
Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine Sep 2015The object of this study was to determine the fusion rate and safety profile of an axial interbody arthrodesis of the L5-S1 motion segment. (Review)
Review
OBJECT
The object of this study was to determine the fusion rate and safety profile of an axial interbody arthrodesis of the L5-S1 motion segment.
METHODS
A systematic search of MEDLINE was conducted for literature published between January 1, 2000, and August 17, 2014. All peer-reviewed articles related to the fusion rate of L5-S1 and the safety profile of an axial interbody arthrodesis were evaluated.
RESULTS
Seventy-four articles were identified, but only 15 (13 case series and 2 retrospective cohort studies) met the study inclusion criteria. The overall pseudarthrosis rate at L5-S1 was 6.9%, and the rate of all other complications was 12.9%. A total of 14.4% of patients required additional surgery, and the infection rate was 5.4%. Deformity studies reported a significantly increased rate of complications (46.3%), and prospectively collected data demonstrated significantly higher complication (36.8%) and revision (22.6%) rates. Lastly, studies with a conflict of interest reported lower complication rates (12.4%).
CONCLUSIONS
A systematic review of the literature indicates that an axial interbody fusion performed at the lumbosacral junction is associated with a high fusion rate (93.15%) and an acceptable complication rate (12.90%). However, these results are based mainly on retrospective case series by authors with a conflict of interest. The limited prospective data available indicate that the actual fusion rate may be lower and the complication rate may be higher than currently reported.
Topics: Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Reoperation; Sacrum; Spinal Fusion; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26068275
DOI: 10.3171/2015.1.SPINE14900 -
Haemophilia : the Official Journal of... May 2016In haemophilia, the ankle joint is one of the most common and earliest joints affected by recurrent bleeding, commonly resulting in end-stage ankle osteoarthritis during... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In haemophilia, the ankle joint is one of the most common and earliest joints affected by recurrent bleeding, commonly resulting in end-stage ankle osteoarthritis during early adulthood. The surgical treatment of haemophilic ankle arthropathy is challenging.
PURPOSE
This review aims to highlight the literature addressing clinical outcomes following the most common approaches for different stages of haemophilia-induced ankle osteoarthritis: arthroscopic debridement, joint distraction arthroplasty, supramalleolar osteotomies, total ankle replacement, and ankle arthrodesis.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using established medical literature databases. The following information was retrieved from the literature: patients' demographics, surgical technique, duration of follow-up, clinical outcome including pain relief and complication rate.
RESULTS
A total of 42 clinical studies published between 1978 and 2015 were included in the systematic literature review. Eight and 34 studies had prospective and retrospective design, respectively. The most common studies were level IV studies (64.3%).
DISCUSSION
The orthopaedic treatment of patients with haemophilic ankle osteoarthritis is often challenging and requires complete and careful preoperative assessment. In general, both joint-preserving and joint non-preserving procedure types can be performed. All specific relative and absolute contraindications should be considered to achieve appropriate postoperative outcomes.
CONCLUSION
The current literature demonstrated that orthopaedic surgeries, with appropriate indication, in patients with haemophilic ankle arthropathy result in good postoperative results comparable to those observed in non-haemophiliacs. The surgical treatment should be performed in a setting with the ability to have multidisciplinary management, including expertise in haematology.
Topics: Ankle Joint; Arthrodesis; Arthroplasty; Arthroscopy; Clinical Studies as Topic; Debridement; Hemophilia A; Humans; Osteoarthritis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27028454
DOI: 10.1111/hae.12919 -
Orthopedics Jul 2016Internal and external fixation techniques have been described for realignment and arthrodesis of Charcot midfoot deformity. There currently is no consensus on the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Internal and external fixation techniques have been described for realignment and arthrodesis of Charcot midfoot deformity. There currently is no consensus on the optimal method of surgical reconstruction. This systematic review compared the clinical results of surgical realignment with internal and external fixation, specifically in regard to return to functional ambulation, ulcer occurrence, nonunion, extremity amputation, unplanned further surgery, deep infection, wound healing problems, peri- or intraoperative fractures, and total cases with any complication. A search of multiple databases for all relevant articles published from January 1, 1990, to March 22, 2014, was performed. A logistic regression model evaluated each of the outcomes and its association with the type of fixation method. The odds of returning to functional ambulation were 25% higher for internal fixation (odds ratio [OR], 1.259). Internal fixation had a 42% reduced rate of ulcer occurrence (OR, 0.578). External fixation was 8 times more likely to develop radiographic nonunion than internal fixation (OR, 8.2). Internal fixation resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in extremity amputation (OR, 1.488), a 2-fold increase in deep infection (OR, 2.068), a 3.4-fold increase in wound healing complications (OR, 3.405), and a 1.5-fold increase in the total number of cases experiencing any complication (OR, 1.525). This was associated with a 20% increase in the need for unplanned further surgery with internal fixation (OR, 1.221). Although internal fixation may decrease the risk of nonunion and increase return to functional ambulation, it had a higher rate of overall complications than external fixation for realignment and arthrodesis of Charcot midfoot deformity. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(4):e595-e601.].
Topics: Arthrodesis; Arthropathy, Neurogenic; Arthroplasty; Diabetic Foot; External Fixators; Foot Deformities, Acquired; Humans; Internal Fixators
PubMed: 27280625
DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20160526-11 -
Spine Deformity Nov 2022To assess clinical and safety outcomes associated with different rod materials and diameters in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To assess clinical and safety outcomes associated with different rod materials and diameters in adult spinal deformity (ASD) surgery.
METHODS
A systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated ASD surgery using pedicle screw fixation systems with rods of different materials and sizes. Postoperative outcomes (i.e., Cobb, sagittal vertical axis, and pelvic tilt angle) and complications (i.e., pseudarthrosis and rod breakage) were assessed. Random effects models (REMs) pooled data for outcomes reported in ≥ 2 studies.
RESULTS
Among 50 studies evaluating ASD surgery using pedicle screw fixation systems, 17 described rod material/diameter. Postoperative outcomes did not statistically differ between cobalt-chromium (CoCr) vs. titanium (Ti) rods (n = 2 studies; mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] sagittal vertical axis angle: CoCr 37.00° [18.58°-55.42°] and Ti 32.58° [24.62°-40.54°]; mean [95% CI] pelvic tilt angle: CoCr 26.20° [22.87°-29.53°] and Ti 20.15° [18.0°-22.31°]). The pooled proportion (95% CI) of pseudarthrosis was 15% (7-22%) for CoCr and 12% (- 8-32%) for stainless steel (SS) (n = 2 studies each; Chi = 0.07, p = 0.79). The pooled proportion (95% CI) of broken rods was 12% (1-22%) for Ti (n = 3 studies) and 10% (2-19) for CoCr (n = 1 study). Among 6.0-6.35 mm rods, the pooled (95% CI) postoperative Cobb angle (n = 2) was 12.01° (9.75°-14.28°), sagittal vertical axis angle (n = 4) was 35.32° (30.02°-40.62°), and pelvic tilt angle was 21.11° (18.35°-23.86°).
CONCLUSIONS
For ASD patients undergoing posterior fixation and fusion, there are no statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes or complications among rods of varying materials and diameters. Benchmark postsurgical outcomes and complication rates by rod material and diameter are provided.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
III.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Spinal Fusion; Stainless Steel; Titanium; Chromium Alloys; Pseudarthrosis; Cobalt; Chromium
PubMed: 35904725
DOI: 10.1007/s43390-022-00556-y -
The Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery :... 2021Ankle arthrodesis (AA) provides reliable pain relief, good patient satisfaction scores, and improved overall function. However, this procedure has been associated with... (Review)
Review
Ankle arthrodesis (AA) provides reliable pain relief, good patient satisfaction scores, and improved overall function. However, this procedure has been associated with numerous complications and sequelae, such as pseudoarthrosis, malunion, gait abnormalities, increased demand on surrounding joints, and a long period of convalescence. Conversion to total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is a potential option in the management of these complex and challenging situations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the outcomes of AA conversion to TAA. A systematic review of electronic databases was performed. Six studies involving 172 ankles met inclusion criteria. The weighted mean preoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score at the time of TAA conversion was 7.8 and the weighted mean postoperative VAS score at the time of final follow-up was 2.5. The weighted mean preoperative AOFAS score at the time of TAA conversion was 32 and the weighted mean postoperative AOFAS score at the time of final follow-up was 72.4. The rate of salvage tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis was 2.3% and rate of transtibial amputation was also 2.3% after attempted conversion from initial AA to TAA. Conversion of AA to TAA appears to be a viable option to improve patient outcomes and prevent extensive hindfoot arthrodesis and transtibial amputation. More prospective studies with consistent reporting of outcomes, complications, and revision rates with long-term follow-up are needed.
Topics: Ankle; Ankle Joint; Arthrodesis; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Ankle; Humans; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33422442
DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2020.06.025 -
Injury Mar 2022Talus fractures are devastating injuries in both adults and children. Well recognised complications such as avascular necrosis (AVN), post-traumatic arthritis and...
BACKGROUND
Talus fractures are devastating injuries in both adults and children. Well recognised complications such as avascular necrosis (AVN), post-traumatic arthritis and non-union contribute to patient morbidity. This systematic review aimed to assess the literature on these injuries in children and their associated incidence, classification, management and outcome.
METHODS
A systematic review of Embase and Medline databases was carried out in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion criteria were clinically orientated studies looking at talus fractures in paediatric patients (less than 18 years old). Exclusion criteria were conference abstracts, opinion-based reports, articles not published in English and articles published prior to 1980. Data extracted included patient demographics, fracture classification, management and outcomes.
RESULTS
31 studies were included encompassing 143 patients and 167 fractures with a mean age of 11.9 years (1.2-18). The majority of fractures (43.7%, n = 73) were of the talar neck. 70.6% (n = 101) were managed operatively. The overall rate of AVN was 15.4% (n = 22), with a 96.5% union rate. Observed rates of AVN were 5.7% in Hawkin's 1, 11.8% in Hawkin's 2, 53.3% in Hawkin's 3 and 0 in Hawkin's 4 injuries. All cases of non-union occurred in children over 12 years, and seven children required arthrodesis (1x pantalar, 1x subtalar and 5x subtalar and tibiotalar) with a mean age of 14.4 years (9-17).
CONCLUSIONS
Talus fractures are rare but potentially devastating injuries in children. This systematic review has shown comparable rates of AVN in children to their adult counterparts, with higher rates of non-union and arthrodesis in adolescent patients. A lower threshold for operative intervention to achieve anatomical reduction in these patients should be considered.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ankle Fractures; Arthrodesis; Child; Fracture Fixation, Internal; Fractures, Bone; Humans; Osteonecrosis; Talus
PubMed: 34972563
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2021.12.024 -
The Spine Journal : Official Journal of... Oct 2017Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a frequently used technique for the treatment of lumbar pathology. Despite its overall success, LLIF has been associated with a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND CONTEXT
Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is a frequently used technique for the treatment of lumbar pathology. Despite its overall success, LLIF has been associated with a unique set of complications. However, there has been inconsistent evidence regarding the complication rate of this approach.
PURPOSE
To perform a systematic review analyzing the rates of medical and surgical complications associated with LLIF.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
PATIENT SAMPLE
6,819 patients who underwent LLIF reported in clinical studies through June 2016.
OUTCOME MEASURES
Frequency of complications within cardiac, vascular, pulmonary, urologic, gastrointestinal, transient neurologic, persistent neurologic, and spine (MSK) categories.
METHODS
This systematic review was performed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Relevant studies that identified rates of any complication following LLIF procedures were obtained from PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. Articles were excluded if they did not report complications, presented mixed complication data from other procedures, or were characterized as single case reports, reviews, or case series containing less than 10 patients. The primary outcome was frequency of complications within cardiac, vascular, pulmonary, urologic, gastrointestinal, transient neurologic, persistent neurologic, and MSK categories. All rates of complications were based on the sample sizes of studies that mentioned the respective complications. The authors report no conflicts of interest directly or indirectly related to this work, and have not received any funds in support of this work.
RESULTS
A total of 2,232 articles were identified. Following screening of title, abstract, and full-text availability, 63 articles were included in the review. A total of 6,819 patients had 11,325 levels fused. The rate of complications for the categories included were as follows: wound (1.38%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.00%-1.85%), cardiac (1.86%; CI=1.33%-2.52%), vascular (0.81%; CI=0.44%-1.36%), pulmonary (1.47; CI=0.95%-2.16%), gastrointestinal (1.38%; CI=1.00%-1.87%), urologic (0.93%; CI=0.55%-1.47%), transient neurologic (36.07%; CI=34.74%-37.41%), persistent neurologic (3.98%; CI=3.42%-4.60%), and MSK or spine (9.22%; CI=8.28%-10.23%).
CONCLUSIONS
The current study is the first to comprehensively analyze the complication profile for LLIFs. The most significant reported complications were transient neurologic in nature. However, persistent neurologic complications occurred at a much lower rate, bringing into question the significance of transient symptoms beyond the immediate postoperative period. Through this analysis of complication profiles, surgeons can better understand the risks to and expectations for patients following LLIF procedures.
Topics: Humans; Lumbosacral Region; Postoperative Complications; Spinal Fusion
PubMed: 28456671
DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2017.04.022 -
Journal of Foot and Ankle Research Apr 2022First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis is commonly performed for symptomatic end-stage hallux rigidus. It has been postulated to produce good results in the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
First metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis is commonly performed for symptomatic end-stage hallux rigidus. It has been postulated to produce good results in the literature. Various fixation techniques offer differences in union rates, complications and functional outcomes, stirring debates about which produces the best outcomes for patients. Therefore, this review aims to synthesise and compare the outcomes of modern fixation techniques used for first metatarsophalangeal joint (FMPJ) arthrodesis.
METHODS
The electronic database searched were PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. The critical appraisal skills programme tool for cohort study was used. The interventions consisted of screw(s), plate(s), and staple(s). Studies comprising outdated fixation techniques such as suture, metallic wire, external fixation, Rush rods or Steinmann pins were excluded. Participants were adults over 18 years, undergoing FMPJ arthrodesis in the UK. Studies with the population consisting primarily of revision cases, patients with rheumatoid arthritis or diabetes were excluded.
RESULTS
Seven UK studies included 277 feet and a 95.7% overall union rate at a mean union time of 83.5 days. Staples had the highest union rate of 98.2% at mean union time of 84 days, followed by plates (95.2%, 92 days), and finally screws (94.9%, 71 days). The overall complication incidence is 5.8%. All of the fixation techniques produced good functional outcomes postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
Whilst staple techniques showed the highest union rate, plating techniques are preferable over screws or staples for better results across several outcome measures, including reduced complication incidence, stability, early ambulation, and good functional outcome. The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire and EuroQol-5Dimensional are recommended as measurement tools to assess functional outcomes following FMPJ arthrodesis.
Topics: Adult; Arthrodesis; Cohort Studies; Hallux Valgus; Humans; Metatarsophalangeal Joint; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35468802
DOI: 10.1186/s13047-022-00540-9