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Journal of Oral Biology and... 2020Entertainment-education an emerging new concept has garnered light from many educators and researchers. The study expounds on incorporation of edutainment in dental... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Entertainment-education an emerging new concept has garnered light from many educators and researchers. The study expounds on incorporation of edutainment in dental curriculum, using animations, and games. The review is an expositor of the designs of educational tools devised, the advantages, limitations and students perception towards the unconventional pedagogy technique.
METHOD
The database of sciencedirect, pubmed and google scholar was pursued for publications on games, animations and mime used in dental curriculum up to May 10, 2020.
RESULTS
The electronic and manual search showcased 73 titles with 39 full-texts, out of which 9 were clinical trials and are discussed in this review. Edutainment tools comprising of games (n = 5), animations (n = 3) and mime (n = 1) were utilized to explain the topics of nervous system, action potentials, dentin bonding, blood grouping, cranial nerves, drug interaction, periodontal health education, and cardiac cycle.
CONCLUSION
The edutainment though a recent expedition, is highly promising when reinforced with classroom lectures. It is associated with improved understanding, enhanced student engagement and better test scores. The ease of availability, accessibility of such tools providing fun and amusement, is positively intercepted by the students and has an optimistic impact on teaching dental subjects.
PubMed: 32775185
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.016 -
Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2019In dentistry, cavities prepared with Erbium lasers present more advantages, compared to traditional methods, but there is still a lack of investigation about the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In dentistry, cavities prepared with Erbium lasers present more advantages, compared to traditional methods, but there is still a lack of investigation about the adhesion in dentin surfaces prepared with Erbium lasers, especially with Erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser.
AIM
The purpose of this systematic review was to find out which might be "The most adequate adhesive and laser parameters for adhesion in dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser."
METHODS
An electronic search was performed in the PubMed database. The search was limited to studies between 2009 and 2016.
RESULTS
Ten articles were selected to the systematic review according to TRANSPARENT REPORTING of Systematic Reviews and Meta-ANALYSES checklist.
CONCLUSIONS
The adhesive that showed the best bond strength results in dentin prepared with Er,Cr:YSGG laser was the self-adhesive Clearfil™ SE (Kuraray), with preconditioning with 40% phosphoric acid. The settings 2 W, 75% water, 60% air, 140 μs pulse duration, and 20 Hz showed the best adhesion outcome.
PubMed: 32015655
DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_302_18 -
Materials Science & Engineering. C,... Jul 2017Strategies to achieve dentin remineralization is at present an important target of restorative dentistry. Remineralization of dentin by a bioactive material is complete... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Strategies to achieve dentin remineralization is at present an important target of restorative dentistry. Remineralization of dentin by a bioactive material is complete only when the tissue regains its functionality. This is achieved when there is adequate apatite formation which most importantly translates into improved mechanical properties of dentin as a result of intrafibrillar mineralization. Bioactive glass (BAG) is a well-known implant material for bone regeneration and is proven to have excellent ability of apatite formation. Hence, recent studies have proposed BAGs as one of the most desired materials for remineralization of dentin. Therefore the aim of this systematic review was to scope the evidence of bioactive glass to remineralize dentin.
METHODS
The following research question was formulated: "Is there strong evidence for bioactive glass to remineralize dentin?" Three databases (Web of science, PubMed and Science direct) were scanned independently following PRISMA guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were set to identify relevant articles based on title and abstract screening. Finally, potentially relevant articles were downloaded and the full text was scrutinized to select the articles included in this review.
RESULTS
The first phase of search returned 303 articles. A total of 19 papers with full text were scrutinized for inclusion, of which 3 papers were chosen for the final synthesis. All three studies confirm that BAG treatment leads to enhanced apatite formation in dentin. Only 1 of the 3 studies has reported the mechanical properties of dentin after BAG treatment and it revealed that the Young's modulus and flexural bend strength of BAG treated dentin were much lower than natural dentin even though they had similar apatite content.
CONCLUSIONS
This review highlights the importance of assessing the mechanical properties of dentin alongside to the newly formed apatite content in order to prove BAGs efficiency to remineralize this tissue. Though studies have confirmed that BAGs stimulate excellent apatite formation in dentin, it should be concluded that there isn't sufficient evidence for bioactive glass to effectively remineralize this tissue as the mechanical properties of the BAG treated dentin haven't been well explored.
Topics: Apatites; Dental Materials; Dentin; Glass; Humans; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 28482504
DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.083 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Aug 2021This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic performance of commonly used methods for occlusal caries diagnostics, such as visual examination (VE), bitewing radiography (BW) and laser fluorescence (LF), in relation to their ability to detect (dentin) caries under clinical and laboratory conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify studies meeting the inclusion criteria using the PIRDS concept (N = 1090). A risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used for quality evaluation. Reports with low/moderate RoB, well-matching thresholds for index and reference tests and appropriate reporting were included in the meta-analysis (N = 37; 29 in vivo/8 in vitro). The pooled sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and areas under ROC curves (AUCs) were computed.
RESULTS
SP ranged from 0.50 (fibre-optic transillumination/caries detection level) to 0.97 (conventional BW/dentine detection level) in vitro. AUCs were typically higher for BW or LF than for VE. The highest AUC of 0.89 was observed for VE at the 1/3 dentin caries detection level; SE (0.70) was registered to be higher than SP (0.47) for VE at the caries detection level in vivo.
CONCLUSION
The number of included studies was found to be low. This underlines the need for high-quality caries diagnostic studies that further provide data in relation to multiple caries thresholds.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
VE, BW and LF provide acceptable measures for their diagnostic performance on occlusal surfaces, but the results should be interpreted with caution due to the limited data in many categories.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Fluorescence; Humans; Radiography, Bitewing; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Transillumination
PubMed: 34128130
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04024-1 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jul 2022The conventional radiotherapy protocol to treat head-and-neck cancer is usually followed by tooth-decay onset. Radiation impact on mineralized tooth structures is not... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The conventional radiotherapy protocol to treat head-and-neck cancer is usually followed by tooth-decay onset. Radiation impact on mineralized tooth structures is not well-understood. This systematic review aimed to collect the recorded effects of therapeutic radiation on tooth chemical, structural and mechanical properties, in relation with their means of investigation.
DATA
Systematic search (January 01 2012 - September 30 2021) terms were "Radiotherapy", "Radiation effects", "Dental enamel", "Dentin", "Human" and "Radiotherapy" NOT "Laser".
SOURCES
PubMed, DOSS and Embase databases were searched.
STUDY SELECTION
Selected studies compared dental enamel, coronal and root dentin properties before and after in vitro or in vivo irradiation up to 80 Gy.
RESULTS
The systematic search identified 353 different articles, with 28 satisfying inclusion criteria. Their reference lists provided two more. Twenty-two studies evaluated dental enamel evolution, nine assessed coronal dentin and eight concerned root dentin. Coronal and root dentin results indicate a major impact of the radiation on their organic matrix. Dental enamel's chemical properties are less modified. Enamel and root dentin's hardness are decreased by therapeutic radiation, but no consensus arises for coronal dentin.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings revealed some interesting information about enzymatic degradation mechanisms of dentin organic matrix and highlighted that dental hard-tissue characterization requires highly specific expertise in materials science. That scientific knowledge is necessary to design suitable protocols, adequately analyze the obtained data, and, thus, provide relevant conclusions.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT
Better knowledge and understanding of the mechanisms involved in the degradation of enamel and dentin would enable development of new preventive and therapeutic methods for improved medical care of patients undergoing radiotherapy.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dentin; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Radiation Injuries; Tooth
PubMed: 35570008
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.014 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Mar 2018The aim of this review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of in-home or in-office treatments for dentin hypersensitivity. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of in-home or in-office treatments for dentin hypersensitivity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search without restriction on dates or languages was performed in four electronic databases until March 2017. In addition, hand-searches in regular journals and in the gray literature were also conducted. To develop the search strategy, clinical questions were formulated using the PICOS method. Eligibility criteria included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared the effectiveness of different agents for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity through chemical occlusion, physical occlusion, nerve desensitization, or photobiomodulation (low-level light therapy). This systematic review was registered in PROSPERO under number CRD42016039394.
RESULTS
Twenty-five RCTs (16 parallel; 9 split-mouth), published from 1992 to 2016, were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that in-office subgroups treated with chemical or physical occlusion of dentin tubules and nerve desensitization had a statistically significant difference from placebo, with P < 0.00001, P < 0.00001, and P = 0.02, respectively. For in-home treatments, the results of the meta-analysis showed that only those subgroups treated with chemical occlusion of dentin tubules and nerve desensitization exhibited a statistically significant difference from placebo, with P < 0.00001 and P = 0.03, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of pairwise meta-analysis suggest that among in-office treatments, dentinal tubule occlusion (whether chemical or physical) and nerve desensitization provide the best outcomes for treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. For in-home treatments, only chemical occlusion of dentin tubules and nerve desensitization showed a greater treatment efficacy than placebo and the difference was statistically significant.
Topics: Dentin Desensitizing Agents; Dentin Sensitivity; Humans; Low-Level Light Therapy; Tooth Demineralization
PubMed: 29330655
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2330-9 -
Journal of Dental Research Apr 2015For shallow or moderately deep pit-and-fissure lesions, various treatment options are available: (1) noninvasive treatments (e.g., fluoride application, antibacterial... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
For shallow or moderately deep pit-and-fissure lesions, various treatment options are available: (1) noninvasive treatments (e.g., fluoride application, antibacterial treatments, oral hygiene advice) avoid any dental hard tissue removal; (2) microinvasive treatments (e.g., sealing) remove only a few micrometers of hard tissues by etching; and minimally invasive methods (e.g., "preventive" resin/sealant restoration) remove carious dentin but avoid sacrificing sound tissues. We aimed at systematically reviewing and comparing these strategies for treating pit-and-fissure lesions in permanent teeth using network meta-analysis. Randomized or nonrandomized clinical trials investigating shallow or moderately deep primary caries lesions in fissured or pitted surfaces were included. We compared the risk of requiring invasive treatments or any retreatments in noninvasive, microinvasive, and minimally invasive treated lesions; untreated lesions were used as controls. Five electronic databases were systematically screened up to September 2013 and cross-referencing performed. Pairwise and network meta-analyses were performed and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated. Certainty of estimates was evaluated via GRADE criteria. From a total of 2,214 identified records, 14 studies representing 1,440 patients with 3,551 treated lesions were included. Pairwise meta-analysis found microinvasive and minimally invasive treated lesions to require less invasive retreatments than control lesions (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 0.13 [0.07 to 0.26], 0.13 [0.03 to 0.50], respectively), whereas the estimate for noninvasively treated lesions remained nonsignificant (0.64 [0.39 to 1.06]). These findings were reflected in the strategy ranking stemming from network meta-analysis (first, minimally invasive; second, microinvasive; third, noninvasive). However, microinvasive treatment required significantly more total retreatments (including resealing) than minimally or noninvasive treatments. Due to limited study quality, the evidence was graded as low or very low. Clinical treatment decisions should consider the long-term sequelae and costs stemming from different therapies as well as their subjective impact on the patient. Available treatment options seem suitable for treating shallow or moderately deep pit-and-fissure lesions in permanent teeth; further conclusions are not possible.
Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment; Dental Enamel; Dental Fissures; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25710951
DOI: 10.1177/0022034515571184 -
International Endodontic Journal Apr 2018The typical treatment for irreversibly inflamed/necrotic pulp tissue is root canal treatment. As an alternative approach, regenerative endodontics aims to regenerate... (Review)
Review
The typical treatment for irreversibly inflamed/necrotic pulp tissue is root canal treatment. As an alternative approach, regenerative endodontics aims to regenerate dental pulp-like tissues using two possible strategies: cell transplantation and cell homing. The former requires exogenously transplanted stem cells, complex procedures and high costs; the latter employs the host's endogenous cells to achieve tissue repair/regeneration, which is more clinically translatable. This systematic review examines cell homing for dental pulp regeneration, selecting articles on in vitro experiments, in vivo ectopic transplantation models and in situ pulp revascularization. MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were electronically searched for articles without limits in publication date. Two reviewers independently screened and included papers according to the predefined selection criteria. The electronic searches identified 46 studies. After title, abstract and full-text examination, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. In vitro data highlighted that multiple cytokines have the capacity to induce migration, proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells. The majority of the in vivo studies obtained regenerated connective pulp-like tissues with neovascularization. In some cases, the samples showed new innervation and new dentine deposition. The in situ pulp revascularization regenerated intracanal pulp-like tissues with neovascularization, innervation and dentine formation. Cell homing strategies for pulp regeneration need further understanding and improvement if they are to become a reliable and effective approach in endodontics. Nevertheless, cell homing currently represents the most clinically viable pathway for dental pulp regeneration.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Databases, Factual; Dental Pulp; Endodontics; Humans; Regeneration; Root Canal Therapy; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 29047120
DOI: 10.1111/iej.12868 -
Lasers in Medical Science Nov 2023This systematic review provides an overview of the main chemical and morphological alterations generated on dentin by different high-power lasers' irradiation. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review provides an overview of the main chemical and morphological alterations generated on dentin by different high-power lasers' irradiation.
METHODS
The review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023394164) and PRISMA guidelines were followed. The search strategy was conducted on MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases. The eligibility criteria were established according to the PICOS strategy, focusing on in vitro and ex vivo studies that assessed the chemical and morphological changes in dentin using five high-power lasers: Nd:YAG (1064 nm), Er:YAG (2940 nm), Er, Cr:YSGG (2780 nm), diode (980 nm), and CO (10,600 nm). Publication range was from 2010 to 2022. Data was summarized in tables and risk of bias was assessed by QUIN tool.
RESULTS
The search resulted in 2255 matches and 57 studies composed the sample. The methods most used to assess the outcomes were scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman. The studies presented "medium" and "low" risk of bias. The laser prevalently identified was the Er:YAG laser, associated with dentin ablation, absence of smear layer, and exposed tubules. The Nd:YAG laser generated vitreous surface and thermal damage, such as carbonization and cracks. The other lasers caused an irregular surface and no adverse thermal effects. Regarding the chemical structure, only the Er,Cr:YSGG laser caused collagen matrix reduction. The effects found were more intense with higher dosimetry.
CONCLUSION
Evidence available indicates that the irradiation of dentin with high-power lasers are related to morphological outcomes favorable to adhesive restorative procedures, with minimal changes in collagen matrix and mineral content. However, those observations should be carried carefully by clinicians and more clinical trials regarding the association of high-power laser irradiation and restorative procedure longevity are needed.
Topics: Dentin; Lasers, Solid-State; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Collagen
PubMed: 37932490
DOI: 10.1007/s10103-023-03912-0 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Dec 2023In a suitable condition, it is important to perform any dental restorative procedure using an operatory field isolated. Then, the aim of this study was to compare the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
In a suitable condition, it is important to perform any dental restorative procedure using an operatory field isolated. Then, the aim of this study was to compare the bond strength of composite restorations to dentin affected by any contamination agent through a systematic review.
METHODS
This systematic review was performed following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The literature search was conducted until September 2022 by scanning the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Manuscripts evaluated the bond strength of resin-based materials to permanent human dentin contaminated with blood or saliva were selected for full-text review. The risk of bias was assessed by the RoBDEMAT tool.
RESULTS
A total of 3750 papers resulted from the search from all databases. After the full-text reading, a total of 62 articles remained for the qualitative analysis. The contamination agents used were blood, saliva, and hemostatic agents. A great variety of protocols were used to contaminate the dentin surface, and the contamination process occurred in several steps of the bonding process, including before and after the etching process, after the primer application and after the adhesive application. Also, several decontamination procedures were tested, including reapplication of the etching material, rinsing with water, chlorhexidine or sodium hypochlorite and reapplication of the adhesive system.
CONCLUSION
Any contamination with blood or saliva impaired the bond strength of resin-based materials to dentin. Decontamination procedures including water-spray and reapplication of the bonding system could revert the impairment produced by the saliva or blood contamination. The use of hemostatic agents as a method of blood decontamination is not recommended.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Clinicians should avoid contamination during a bonding procedure, otherwise, a reduction in the bond quality is expected.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Resin Cements; Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Surface Properties; Decontamination; Hemostatics; Dentin; Water; Materials Testing
PubMed: 37395344
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13078